Question 1 of 20	5.0 Points	
A study by Cohen et al. revealed that work-related stress can increase a person's vulnerability to: 

A. the common cold.		

B. heart disease.		

C. irritability and aggressiveness.		

D. an early death.		

Question 2 of 20	5.0 Points	
James has just lost his wife of 35 years to breast cancer. Studies have shown that he will be at higher risk for physical ailments, illness, and possibly death for the next: 

A. six months.		

B. year.		

C. eighteen months.		

D. two years.		

Question 3 of 20	5.0 Points	
Researchers have found that chronic stressors: 

A. affect similar groups of people in the same way.		

B. affect people in different ways.		

C. lead directly to health problems.		

D. are integrated over time, losing their cause-and-effect relationship to illness.		

Question 4 of 20	5.0 Points	
Over an extended period of time, the same reactions that fight stress will: 

A. make the body more vulnerable to other stressors.		

B. gradually discontinue.		

C. increase one's energy level.		

D. become forms of positive stress.		

Question 5 of 20	5.0 Points	
Julia is working and attending college at the same time. Lately, she has been suffering chronic headaches and is falling behind in all her classes. For the past six months her job has been extremely stressful, but she can't quit because she needs the money for tuition and living expenses. According to Hans Selye's theory of the body's response to stressors, Julia has entered the __________ phase of physiological reaction. 

A. chronic stress		

B. alarm		

C. exhaustion		

D. resistance		

Question 6 of 20	5.0 Points	
If cortisol and other stress hormones remain high too long, they can cause all of the following EXCEPT: 

A. hypertension.		

B. immune disorders.		

C. increased storage of fat.		

D. schizophrenia.		

Question 7 of 20	5.0 Points	
PNI researchers are especially interested in the: 

A. white blood cells of the immune system.		

B. relationship between hostility and depression.		

C. distinction between primary control and secondary control.		

D. cognitive strategies used to cope with stress.		

Question 8 of 20	5.0 Points	
Type A personalities are especially at risk for developing heart disease when: 

A. they are highly reactive to stress.		

B. they display chronic antagonistic hostility.		

C. their sense of urgency keeps their hormone levels elevated for extended periods.		

D. they exhibit a constant determination to achieve.		

Question 9 of 20	5.0 Points	
Mary and Tom are quite a pair. Mary is always expressing her feelings, such as anger and fear, but she seems to get over them quickly. Tom keeps his feelings to himself and broods over them. In their different ways of coping with stress: 

A. Tom is healthier, whereas Mary needs to learn some better coping skills.		

B. Mary is creating more stress by her emotional displays.		

C. Tom is at greater risk because he is placing increased stress on his immune system.		

D. there is little difference between them in their risk factors for illness.		

Question 10 of 20	5.0 Points	
Philomena knew that attending a college 2,000 miles away from family and friends would be difficult. She has many worries, but so far hasn't found anyone she feels comfortable sharing her feelings with. According to a 1988 study of college students, the best remedy for Philomena's homesickness would be to: 

A. get an on-campus job to meet more people.		

B. transfer to a college closer to home.		

C. keep a diary and write down what she is feeling.		

D. begin an aerobic exercise program.		

Question 11 of 20	5.0 Points	
Confession brings relief to negative emotions only when it: 

A. releases unresolved feelings.		

B. results in forgiveness.		

C. is expressed verbally.		

D. produces insight.		

Question 12 of 20	5.0 Points	
Since health and well-being are linked to one's explanatory style, it is important to note that optimists: 

A. are unrealistic and tend to deny their problems.		

B. are more likely than pessimists to be active problem solvers.		

C. avoid facing bad news as long as possible.		

D. tend to escape into wishful thinking when confronted with a problem.		

Question 13 of 20	5.0 Points	
As Molly looks at the grade on her final exam, she thinks, "I did well on this exam, but only because my roommate helped me study." Molly's thoughts indicate that she probably has: 

A. an external locus of control.		

B. grown in self-esteem.		

C. an internal locus of control.		

D. overcome her inability to cope with school-related stress.		

Question 14 of 20	5.0 Points	
Rachel is stuck in a low paying job with little hope of promotion. Her boss, a company executive who supervises 10 employees under intense circumstances, never gives Rachel any positive reinforcement. She can't quit because of her family's financial problems. Comparing Rachel's work problems to those of her boss: 

A. Rachel's boss is at greater physical risk than she is because of the weight of his responsibilities.		

B. Rachel is at greater risk of stress-related illness than her boss who has more control over his work pace and schedule.		

C. as colleagues in the same work environment, their risk of stress-related illnesses will be similar.		

D. Rachel may be at risk for catching the flu or a cold, but her boss is at risk for developing some form of cancer.		

Question 15 of 20	5.0 Points	
A person whose culture emphasizes primary control would agree that: 

A. true tolerance is the ability to tolerate the intolerable.		

B. sometimes to lose is to win.		

C. if you have a problem, you should learn to live with it.		

D. if you don't like it, change it.		

Question 16 of 20	5.0 Points	
According to Hendrix et al., having fewer colds, reduced anxiety, less depression, and less irritability is related to: 

A. secondary control.		

B. external locus of control.		

C. one's commitment to exercise.		

D. primary control.		

Question 17 of 20	5.0 Points	
Betsy's cousins were unable to evacuate before a hurricane hit their hometown of Homestead, Florida. When they visited Betsy six months later, all they could talk about was the horrifying experience of living through the storm, whose events they retold hour by hour. Betsy's cousins were experiencing a period of: 

A. problem-focused coping.		

B. reappraisal.		

C. emotion-focused coping.		

D. obsessive thoughts.		

Question 18 of 20	5.0 Points	
After their home in California was damaged by a major earthquake, a couple looked into federal disaster loan programs to help them rebuild. Their behavior is an example of: 

A. external locus of control.		

B. reappraisal.		

C. emotion-focused coping.		

D. problem-focused coping.		

Question 19 of 20	5.0 Points	
Sometimes a problem cannot be solved, but we can change the way we think about it. For example, __________ is used as the coping method when a person says, "I'm devastated that our home was flooded, but at least it's still standing. Some of the houses closer to the river are completely gone." 

A. internal locus of control.		

B. learning from the experience		

C. a sense of humor		

D. making social comparisons		

Question 20 of 20	5.0 Points	
The three strongest predictors of longevity and health are: 

A. internal locus of control, support system, and a healthy diet.		

B. optimism, support system, and exercise.		

C. exercise, healthy diet, and not smoking.		

D. exercise, internal locus of control, and healthy diet.		

Question 1 of 20	5.0 Points	
We are born with primary emotions (sadness, anger, joy, etc.) that have distinctive physiological patterns and accompanying facial expressions. The situations that trigger these emotions are: 

A. different within the same social context.		

B. different from culture to culture.		

C. the same everywhere.		

D. the same within the same gender, but different between the sexes.		

Question 2 of 20	5.0 Points	
Ekman found that, when people try to hide their true feelings and fake an emotion, they: 

A. use different groups of muscles than they do when expressing authentic feelings.		

B. use genuine emotions, but inauthentic body language.		

C. use facial feedback to keep their true feelings from being known.		

D. block any thoughts that might trigger their true feelings and expressions.		

Question 3 of 20	5.0 Points	
Marta, the company receptionist, is told to be pleasant on the phone and represent her employer with an upbeat mood. Although people calling in can't see Marta's expression, she spends most of her day smiling. Her coworkers remark that Marta always seems happy. The truth is that it's her __________ that is/are influencing her mind to feel happy. 

A. desire to hold onto her job		

B. facial muscles		

C. Latina background		

D. natural personality		

Question 4 of 20	5.0 Points	
Tim is extremely anxious about a merger his company has in the works with a larger corporation. Over the next few weeks, he becomes more high-strung and demanding at work. His secretary and other subordinates grow anxious, although they know nothing about the possible merger. Tim doesn't recognize that his: 

A. emotional state is signaling that his employees indeed have something to worry about.		

B. body language is signaling that he may soon fire his staff.		

C. anxiety is causing others to feel anxious.		

D. being more demanding and erratic is causing cognitive dissonance and confusion among his employees.		

Question 5 of 20	5.0 Points	
The amygdala has only a few seconds to determine if an event is dangerous or not and make an initial decision for approach or withdrawal. Upon further appraisal, the _________can override the amygdala's decision and change the course of the person's action. 

A. neurotransmitters		

B. hippocampus		

C. hypothalamus		

D. cortex		

Question 6 of 20	5.0 Points	
Dante is given his first kitten. While holding it and feeling how soft her fur is, he puts her up to his face. In a playful gesture, the kitten taps his face with her paw and her nails scratch Dante's nose. Frightened, he drops the kitten. His decision to drop the kitten was set in motion by the brain's _________ region. 

A. cerebellum		

B. amygdala		

C. right prefrontal cortex		

D. cerebral cortex		

Question 7 of 20	5.0 Points	
__________ provides the energy of an emotion, that familiar tingle, excitement, and sense of animation. 

A. Epinephrine		

B. Melatonin		

C. Norepinephrine		

D. Dopamine		

Question 8 of 20	5.0 Points	
Certain emotions are associated with certain patterns of __________, which may explain why people all over the world use similar terms to describe basic emotions. 

A. visual and auditory stimulation		

B. autonomic nervous system activity		

C. activity in the occipital lobes		

D. hippocampal activity		

Question 9 of 20	5.0 Points	
Thomas volunteers to take a polygraph test to prove he did not fondle a child who was under his supervision on a field trip. Thomas is taking a big risk because: 

A. children do not lie about such things.		

B. he should wait until there is a more accurate and valid test.		

C. court systems are biased against an alleged perpetrator who volunteers to take such a test to prove his innocence.		

D. there is a strong possibility that the polygraph might only measure his elevated anxiety and give a false indication of guilt.		

Question 10 of 20	5.0 Points	
Jamal keeps thinking about what his boss said to him today and finds himself getting angrier by the minute. He decides to go play a little basketball to relax, but later that night he becomes angry all over again. Jamal is experiencing: 

A. déjà vu.		

B. a new surge of parasympathetic hormone release.		

C. physical arousal generated by his interpretation of what his boss said.		

D. right prefrontal brain activity related to his negative encounter with his boss earlier in the day.		

Question 11 of 20	5.0 Points	
Studies of the cognitive element in emotion suggest all of the following EXCEPT: 

A. an emotional encounter can best be compared to a still photograph.		

B. people can change the way that they think, thus affecting their emotions.		

C. some emotions, such as disgust toward an ugly bug, involve simple, nonconscious reactions.		

D. cognition and physiology are inextricably linked in the experience of emotion.		

Question 12 of 20	5.0 Points	
To be __________ would be considered a prototypical emotion in Western theories of emotion. 

A. anxious		

B. scared		

C. ecstatic		

D. nostalgic		

Question 13 of 20	5.0 Points	
Human emotions are universal, but those defined as basic or "primary" are: 

A. the same from culture to culture.		

B. defined according to whether the emotion arises spontaneously or is induced by the situation.		

C. defined differently in different cultures.		

D. validly defined as such only within our Western culture.		

Question 14 of 20	5.0 Points	
On a busy New York bus, a group of Italian schoolgirls are singing happily and talking about their boyfriends. Two classmates of East Indian descent are sitting next to this boisterous group with inexpressive faces and no conversation. These differences in emotional expression can best be explained by: 

A. what the two groups consider funny.		

B. the attribution theory of emotions.		

C. differences in culturally influenced hormone levels.		

D. cultural display rules of emotions.		

Question 15 of 20	5.0 Points	
Adonis went to the Industrial Psychologist's office all confused and upset. Apparently, his new supervisor told him to stop making the peace sign in a sideways motion, saying it looked like a gang-related gesture. Most likely, the psychologist advised the supervisor to: 

A. let Adonis make his hand gesture because it increased the workers' camaraderie.		

B. be on the lookout for other gang-related signs because this behavior could be damaging to the company.		

C. discuss with his workers the importance of motivation and provide more time for the workers to bond.		

D. forget about Adonis's hand gestures, but to admonish his worker for spending too much company time conversing with his friends.		

Question 16 of 20	5.0 Points	
In the actual display of emotions, men are more emotional than women in terms of: 

A. their intensity.		

B. the depth of their feelings.		

C. how they verbalize what they are feeling.		

D. cultural display rules.		

Question 17 of 20	5.0 Points	
Men prefer to avoid provocation in marital conflict because: 

A. women are more emotional than they are.		

B. conflict is physiologically more upsetting to men than to women.		

C. men are less able to control their emotions and have a hard time dealing with feelings of sadness.		

D. they feel inferior to women in verbal combat.		

Question 18 of 20	5.0 Points	
Which one of the following statements about emotional and physical agitation during a marital conflict is true? 

A. The woman will become angrier than the man and hold onto her anger longer.		

B. The man will become more sullen and want to withdraw from the conflict, thereby escaping from his feelings of sadness.		

C. The man will become more hostile and negative, because he is more likely to have rehearsed his angry thoughts prior to the actual argument.		

D. The woman's autonomic nervous system is more sensitive and reactive than the man's.		

Question 19 of 20	5.0 Points	
In many cultures, girls prefer __________ friendships based on shared feelings; boys prefer __________ friendships based on shared activities. 

A. "back-to-back"; "side-to-side"		

B. "face-to-face"; "back-to-back"		

C. "side-to-side"; "face-to-face"		

D. "face-to-face"; "side-to-side"		

Question 20 of 20	5.0 Points	
Women are expected to be kind and attentive to other people's feelings. In North America, when a woman in the workplace doesn't smile when others expect her to, she is likely to: 

A. be accepted by the men, but not by the women.		

B. think this will improve her chances for promotion.		

C. be taken more seriously by her peers.		

D. be disliked.