Caloric Content of Food Items

Date: August 1, 2017

Name: Kathleen Quinn

Note: This experiment has several steps. So, be sure to read the procedure thoroughly, write the steps and understand the energy calculation steps by reading “Explore Experimental Calculations” in the manual. To understand clearly, be also sure to write the formula and what to plug to calculate the energy produced during burning. Know the safety features, and, once you understand the meaning of each steps of the procedure you can start the experiment.

What are the objectives of this experiment?

The objective of this experiment is to calculate the calorie content of foods, specifically marshmallows, nuts and potato chips using different calculations. I will do this by using calories, dietary calories and the specific heat of water. To be able to understand the calorimeter, fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Then understand how our body uses them. Lastly to understand Atwater factors.

Concept:

There are a few key concepts for this experiment. First is to understand that calorie, is a unit of energy. A dietary Calorie represents a kilocalorie represented as (kcal) or 1000 calories. Then learn how a calorimeter is used to find the energy stored in substances. Next understand a bomb calorimeter and how it is used to find changes in reactions containing constant volumes. Another concept is to learn macromolecules which have three main groups are, fat (lipids), protein and carbohydrates. From that, learn how each play a different role in the energy they give. Then use calculations to find energy released, theoretical value and the percent difference. Finally, learn how to determine calories using the Atwater factors.

Procedure (3 pts):

1.      Locate and organize all the materials listed for this experiment on lappaq.

2.      Find a flat surface like a tabletop or countrer.

3.      Make sure the area does not have any carpet since the experiment calls for burning things.

4.      Place the goggles and gloves on for safety.

5.      Locate the 100 ml glass beaker and place it on the scale. Then tare the scale.

6.      Pour room temperature distilled water in the beaker until it weighs approximately 50 g.

7.      Locate the burner stand and place on the pie pan.

8.      Next place the glass beaker with approximately 50 g of distilled water on the burner stand. 

9.      Then place the thermometer in the beaker.

10.  Unroll about 2 feet of aluminum foil.

11.  Wrap this around the burner stand and beaker to minimize heat loss. Please reference the picture in HOL diagram.

12.  The aluminum foil should enclose around the thermometer. However, the thermometer should be sticking out of the top of the aluminum foil to get quick temperature changes.

13.  There should be an opening on one side of the foil to allow for air flow. This helps keep the nut, marshmallow or chip burning underneath the beaker.

14.  The calorimeter has now been set up.. 

15.  Tare the scale and weigh the nut, the aluminum cup and the test tube clamp all together.

16.  Record the total mass (in grams) in the lab report. 

17.  Stir the water using the thermometer and measure the temperature of the water in degrees Celsius.

18.  Next record the room temperature distilled water.. 

19.  Place the nut in the test tube clamp.

20.  Light a candle and place the nut directly in the flame to catch the nut on fire. 

21.  Once the nut is on fire, immediately place it in the aluminum foil tent while still holding it with the clamp.

22.  Place it directly under the beaker.

23.  Leave a little opening in the aluminum foil to keep the nut burning for as long as possible.

24.  Once the nut is done burning place it in the aluminum cup.

25.  Then set the clamp on the aluminum cup.

26.  Go back and stir the water with the thermometer and observe the temperature change while holding it. Not allowing it to touch the bottom or sides of beaker.

27.  Now record the water temperature.

28.  Tare the scale again.

29.  Place the aluminum cup with the nut and the clamp and place on scale.

30.  Record the total mass of the three items after the nut was burnt.

31.  Clean the clamp with soap and water and dry with paper towels.

32.  Dispose of the old water in the beaker, clean and dry the beaker for the next step.

33.  Now repeat steps 5-33 using the marshmallow and chip in place of the nut.

34.  Make sure all data is filled in for the gram before and after table, and in the temperature  before and after table

35.  Time to clean the equipment, dispose of the food and anything else needed. Replace the dried equipment back in the lab kit.

36.  Finish completely all the tables in the Lab report.

Result:

Using Step #1 of the “Explore Experimental Calculation” calculate the amount of energy produced during burning of food items.

1.      Discussion:

The drawbacks of this experiment happened with all three items. The almond didn’t seem to burn all the way. The marshmallow which I did second, created a sticky goo which was hard to clean off. The potato chip broke apart while it was burning.

2.      Conclusion/Results; [Hint: You can conclude whether you can find out the energy of burned food amounts & concepts used in the procedure. Also, you need to write the data or observation that leads you to conclude the conclusion][2 pts]

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Status NEW Posted 13 Aug 2017 02:08 PM My Price 10.00

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