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Category > Science Posted 05 Sep 2017 My Price 8.00

age of the dinosaurs

1. During the age of the dinosaurs a. The continents drifted apart b. Flowering plants diversified and spread across the continents c. Climate fluctuated between relatively warm and very hot d. All of the above 2. Climate conditions during the age of the dinosaurs were a. Generally warm and stable b. Globally cool with ice-covered continents c. Warm to hot and varying over time d. Snowball earth – Earth’s surface was entirely frozen 3. What type of plants became a dominant part of the vegetation community only late in the age of dinosaurs? a. Angiosperms (flowering plants) b. Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) c. Tree ferns d. Green algae 4. The first dinosaurs appeared in the fossil record 230 million years ago and within 2 million years they had killed or displaced all their close competitors and were the dominant group of land animals on Earth. a. True b. False 5. Which of the following characteristics set dinosaurs apart from their competitors, likely playing a big role in their evolutionary success? a. Their bodies were covered by smooth skin b. They had extra-large teeth c. They had a greater number of vertebrae than other land animals d. They had hips that gave them an upright posture 6. Dinosaurs evolved from ancestors who had an ‘upright stance’, which allowed them to be a. Fast b. Large c. Efficient land runners d. All of the above 7. Which of the following groups included carnivorous dinosaurs like T. rex? a. Sauropods b. Theropods c. Eurypods d. All of the above 8. Dinosaurs had opposable thumbs a. True b. False 9. The earliest dinosaurs known lived in Argentina and included a. Carnivores b. Herbivores c. Saurischians (lizard-hipped) d. All of the above 10. The largest meat eating and vegetarian dinos were both members of the: a. Saurischia (lizard-hipped) b. Orthinischia (bird-hipped) c. Marginocephalia (armor-plated head) d. Hadrosaurs (duck-billed) 11. This group of herbivorous dinosaurs largely replaced the large sauropods to become the dominant group of herbivorous dinosaurs during the last part of the age of dinosaurs, the Cretaceous: a. Ornithopoda (bird-footed) b. Eurypoda (armored dinos) c. Saurischia (lizard-hipped) d. Orthinischia (bird-hipped) 12. Modern birds are what kind of dinosaur? a. Saurischia (lizard-hipped) b. Orthinischia (bird-hipped) c. Marginocephalia (armor-plated head) d. Hadrosaurs (duck-billed) 13. Dinosaurs walked on their toes (on their toe bones). a. True b. False 14. The group Marginocephalia is characterized by: a. Ten toes on each foot b. Horns and plates on their heads c. Long necks d. Plaid skin color 15. The K/T bollide impact probably caused: a. Acid rain b. Broiler-like conditions at Earth’s surface c. Several years of winter-like conditions d. All of the above 16. The two major groups of dinosaurs (Saurischia and Ornithischia) are distinguished based on: a. Their diet b. Their size c. The shape of their teeth d. The bone structure of their hips 17. Which of the following animals was T. rex most closely related to? a. Stegosaurus b. Triceratops c. Brachiosaurus d. House sparrow 18. Approximately how old are the oldest dinosaur fossils a. 2.3 million years old b. 23 million years old c. 230 million years old d. 2.3 billion years old 19. Scientists study the locomotion of T. rex using all of these except: a. Computer simulations b. Trackways (fossil footprints) c. Time lapse photography d. Fossil leg bones 20. Evidence for a massive asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous includes a. A spike in atmospheric oxygen levels b. A large crater along the coast of Mexico c. A snowball Earth event d. All of the above 21. There is ongoing controversy in the science community over whether sauropods a. Could run faster than 25 miles per hour b. Used their long necks for eating leaves from the tops of trees c. Had vision based on sight or based on motion d. Could scratch their own backs 22. The Mesozoic, often thought of as the “age of the dinosaurs”, began 250 million years ago, but dinosaurs did not actually become the dominant land animals until almost 50 million years later after a. The Late Triassic extinction b. Atmospheric oxygen levels reached 30% c. The continental ice sheets retreated d. Flowering plants evolved and spread across the continents 23. The giant sauropods were the dominant dinosaur herbivores a. Throughout the age of the dinosaurs b. During the Jurassic but were largely replaced by the ornithopods as the continents split apart in the Cretaceous c. During the Cretaceous shortly before the asteroid impact killed off the last dinosaurs d. During the 18th century 24. Changes in the dominant types of dinosaurs over time may have been caused by a. Changes in the connection between continental land masses b. Changes in Earth’s climate c. Changes in the types of vegetation on Earth d. All of the above 25. One reason to think that an asteroid impact was not the only cause of the dinosaur extinction is that a. Dinosaur diversity had been declining for several million years before the impact b. Small mammals survived the extinction c. The evidence for an impact is not strong d. Many dinosaurs survived the impact and are found as fossils in younger rocks 26. The asteroid that caused the ultimate extinction of the dinosaurs impacted the earth a. Near St. Louis, Missouri b. Off Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula c. In Antarctica d. In the former German Democratic Republic 27. Which of the following characteristics of T. Rex could be inferred directly from fossils? a. Its height b. Its weight c. Its speed d. Whether it could see still objects 28. Paleontologists have used the fossil record to determine the skin color of most types of dinosaurs. a. True b. False 29. What recent scientific discovery suggests that someday paleontologists might be able to gain direct evidence for dinosaur skin color? a. The discovery of an ancient Instagram account owned by Barry Onyx b. The discovery of a nearly in-tact Mammoth fossil frozen in permafrost in the Russian Arctic c. The discovery of largely in-tact skin shed by a molting Utahceratops d. The discovery of metallic elements from pigment molecules preserved in fossil bird feathers 30. The movie Jurassic Park makes many assumptions about what dinosaurs were like, but there is strong fossil evidence suggesting that a. Velociraptor knew how to open doors b. Dinosaurs were warm-blooded c. Some dinosaurs moved together in packs d. Dilophosaurus could spit poison at its prey 31. Which is not a leading hypothesis for the cause of the end-Pleistocene extinction? a. Overhunting b. Asteroid impact c. Human disease d. Climatic and environmental change 32. Climate change may have contributed to the extinction of the megafauna because a. The timing of climate change and extinction in Australia was closely matched b. Plant communities stayed fixed while climate changed c. Climate shifted rapidly back and forth as the last ice age came to an end d. All of the above 33. Scientists reconstruct the spread of humans across the Earth using all of these except a. Written records b. DNA c. Artifacts d. Morphology 34. The most recent mass extinction in Earth’s history is a. The extinction of 90% of species at the end of the Permian b. The extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous c. The extinction of plants and animals due to the activities of modern humans 35. During the last ice age, about how much of the Earth’s land surface was covered with ice? a. 10% b. 30% c. 50% d. 100% 36. The last ice age came to an end about: a. 170 years ago b. 1700 years ago c. 17,000 years ago d. 170,000 years ago 37. During the Pleistocene icehouse climate interval (the last 2 million years of Earth’s history), a. The entire surface of the Earth was covered by ice from pole to equator b. Ice sheets have expanded and contracted every 100,000 years c. Ice sheets expanded continuously until humans began burning fossil fuels d. There were dragonflies with 4 foot wingspans 38. Glacial erratics are a. Rocks formed by chemicals dissolved in glaciers b. Strange bends formed by glacial ice flowing through mountains c. Growing and shrinking ice sheets d. Large rocks carried long distances by flowing ice 39. Glacial moraines are a. Piles of rock deposited at the edges of glaciers b. Piles of rock that form near the top of glaciers c. Piles of fossils deposited in glacial lakes d. Piles of fossils found frozen in glacial ice 40. As glaciers flow over rock they can leave behind a polished surface a. True b. False 41. During the last ice age, temperatures were cooler than today across most of the Earth, especially in the tropics, where the greatest temperature changes relative to today occurred. a. True b. False 42. The Pleistocene extinction of the megafauna was most severe in a. Asia, North America, and Europe b. Africa, South America, and Australia c. North America, South America, and Africa d. Australia, South America, and North America 43. Which of the following animals was not part of the Pleistocene large mammal community in North America? a. Giant snails b. Giant sloths c. Giant beavers d. Giant mammoths 44. Smilodon, the saber tooth cat, has been a popular character in Hollywood cinema but never actually existed. a. True b. False 45. Which of the following is not a piece of evidence that researchers have considered as they try to learn the cause of the end-Pleistocene extinctions a. The extinctions killed mostly large animals and few small ones b. The extinctions happened at the same time as the rise in human population on several continents c. The extinctions were much more severe on some continents than others d. The extinctions happened at the same time that humans first developed bronze weapon technology 46. There are no actual known examples of migrating human populations transmitting deadly diseases to new parts of the Earth a. True b. False 47. The disease hypothesis for the Pleistocene megafaunal extinction argues that a. Diseases spread by European explorers decimated the Mayan population b. Large animals infected human populations with disease as they were going extinct c. Humans spread diseases that infected other large animals and drove them extinct d. Disease has been a primary cause of mass extinctions throughout Earth’s history 48. One of the primary pieces of scientific evidence against climate change as a primary cause of the end Pleistocene extinctions is that a. Climate change occurred many other times during the Pleistocene without causing extinctions b. Climate didn’t change very much at the end of the Pleistocene c. Climate change can only affect plant species d. Climate change was invented by environmentalists to scare us 49. Some researchers think that climate change at the end of the last ice age may have been rapid enough to trigger extinctions, especially a. During the melting of the North American ice sheet, which happened within a few hundred years b. During short-lived fluctuations associated with release of fresh water to the North Atlantic c. During times when sunspot cycles were especially intense d. During times when human CO2 emissions were the largest 50. As the ice sheets melted at the end of the last ice age, tree species a. Evolved to occupy new high-latitude forest environments b. Shifted southward to warmer environments c. Shifted northward following the retreating ice d. Regenerated from seeds that had been frozen in the ice 51. Human hunting could be a plausible cause for many of the Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions because a. The timing of human settlement and extinction are very similar in North America b. Some megafaunal ‘kill sites’ are known from the archaeological record c. Computer simulations show that once humans killed a modest number of animals populations would begin to collapse d. All of the above 52. On which two continents is there strong evidence that the end-Pleistocene extinctions occurred at about the same time as the first major increase in local human populations a. North America and Australia b. North America and Europe c. North America and Africa d. North America and South America 53. The ultimate cause of the current wave of extinctions in our modern world is a. Demand for resources to support high quality of life for a large human population b. Capitalism c. Changes in the atmosphere caused by burning fossil fuels d. Exploration of the seas 54. All of the following could decrease the impact of humans on global biodiversity except a. Less resource-intensive technologies b. Lower population c. Reducing our standard of living d. Producing more iPhones 55. Human population is now stable or declining on most continents a. True b. False 56. Unless human population stops growing soon, there is no way that we could ever reduce our impact on global biodiversity in the future a. True b. False 57. The most severe mass extinction in geologic history was a. The end-Pleistocene extinction of large mammals b. The end-Cretaceous extinction of the dinosaurs c. The late-Triassic extinction of the Archosaurs d. The end-Permian extinction of marine animals 58. Radiocarbon dating involves measurements of a. A common isotope of nitrogen which is produced from carbon b. A rare isotope of carbon which decays predictably over time c. A rare isotope of carbon which is produced in the mantle d. A common isotope of carbon which is produced during photosynthesis 59. Humans spread into North America about a. 2 million years ago on grass rafts b. 200,000 years ago from South America c. 20,000 years ago from Siberia d. 2,000 years ago from Australia 60. As humans spread throughout the world, they settled a. Australia, then Africa, then North America b. Africa, then North America, then Australia c. Africa, then Australia, then North America d. North America, then Africa, then Australia 61. The outermost layer of the earth, which makes up the continental and oceanic plates, is: a. the mantle b. the crust c. the inner core d. the outer core 62. The earth’s magnetic field is created by: a. the crustal plates moving across the earth’s surface b. convection (flow) in the mantle c. motion of the liquid outer core d. vibration of the solid inner core 63. The theory of plate tectonics explains how a. plates of continental and oceanic crust move gradually across the earth’s surface b. plates interact with each other along convergent, divergent, and transverse boundaries c. hundreds of millions of years ago the continents were clumped together in a ‘supercontinent’ d. all of the above 64. Earthquakes are generated when a. earth’s rocky crust moves along a fault b. magnetic pulses from the crust increase c. the earth’s core stops spinning d. all of the above 65. Most earthquakes in the world occur along a. highways b. plate boundaries c. the core/mantle boundary d. the jet stream 66. Faults that produce earthquakes in Utah are typically a. thrust faults associated with compression (squeezing) of the crust b. normal faults associated with extension (spreading) of the crust c. normal faults associated with transverse (side to side) motion of the crust d. strike slip faults associated with transverse (side to side) motion of the crust 67. In addition to the magnitude (size) of an earthquake, the amount of damage it produces depends on: a. the geology of the area affected b. the population density in areas nearby the earthquake location c. the design and construction of buildings in areas affected by the earthquake d. all of the above 68. In a normal ocean wave, energy is transferred to ocean water from: a. boats b. landslides c. wind d. Jupiter 69. Because of the high speed of tsunami waves, if you are at the beach and see one approaching: a. it is worrying and you should gather your belongings and wait for a bus to travel inland b. it is urgent that you begin to evacuate and you should run for the hills c. it is advisable to escape without clogging roadways and you should take the subway inland if possible d. it is too late to escape and you should find nearby shelter as high above sea level as possible 70. Open ocean tsunami waves are different from wind waves in all the following ways except: a. Their great height b. Their long wavelength c. Their great speed d. The amount of water moved by each wave 71. Active volcanoes in the Pacific coastal states of the USA are caused by a. Sea-floor spreading b. Subduction c. Hot spots d. Liberal marijuana policies 72. What is the relationship between lava viscosity and the shape of volcanoes? a. Highly viscous lava flows away easily, making a steep volcano b. Highly viscous lava flows away slowly, making a steep volcano c. Highly viscous lava flows away easily, making a broad, shallowly sloped volcano d. Highly viscous lava flows away slowly, making a broad, shallowly sloped volcano 73. The greatest number of volcano-related human fatalities result from a. Earthquakes that precede the eruption b. Pyroclastic flows c. Lava d. Boiling acidic lakes 74. Most of the asteroids in the solar system are located away from the planets’ orbits because a. The Sun’s gravity keeps them there b. The planetary forces repel them c. There is a higher chance of asteroids forming in those areas d. Most of the other ones impacted the planets long ago 75. Large impacts can produce global effects, including a. Heating the atmosphere and Earth’s surface due to energy released when ejected debris falls back into the atmosphere b. Cooling the global climate due to particles ejected into the stratosphere that block solar energy c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b 76. Since 1998, most near-Earth asteroids >1 km in diameter have a. Been identified by scientific observing programs b. Been broken apart by Jupiter’s gravitational pull c. Been studied by a Department of Defense program that developed plans to destroy them d. Impacted the Earth harmlessly or burned up in Earth’s atmosphere 77. Earth’s climate changes due to natural causes a. True b. False 78. The ‘greenhouse effect’ describes: a. How gases in Earth’s atmosphere increase the absorption of solar radiation b. How gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap radiation escaping from Earth’s surface to space c. How cities create local ‘heat islands’ by absorbing solar radiation d. How snow and glaciers reflect radiation back to space 79. Evidence suggesting that human activities are contributing to recent changes in Earth’s climate includes: a. Humans have added lots of CO2 to the atmosphere, and CO2 is a greenhouse gas b. The recent rise in atmospheric CO2 has been accompanied by a rise in global temperatures c. Climate models cannot reproduce recent patterns of temperature changes without including the effects of CO2 released by humans d. All of the above 80. Ocean acidification is a. How higher temperatures cause corals to die b. How volcanic gases create acidic water around mid-ocean ridges c. How beach sand dissolves, creating coastal erosion in New Jersey d. How increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations change ocean chemistry 81. In the USA thunderstorms occur most frequently a. In the northwest because of the mountains b. In the north because of Canada c. In the southeast because of warm moist air d. In the south because of sunshine and plants 82. Within thunderstorm cells a. Warm moist air rises and cool air sinks b. Cool moist air rises and warm air sinks c. Warm air moves southward and moist air moves northward d. Cool air moves inward and warm moist air moves outward 83. The rotation of hurricanes and cyclones is caused by a. Reduced air pressure where winds are fastest (Bernoulli’s principle) b. The rotation of the Earth (Coriolis effect) c. Acceleration due to gravity (Newton’s laws) d. None of the above 84. North Atlantic hurricanes are most common between July and November because at this time a. Ocean surface waters are warmest b. Winds are strongest c. Wind shear is largest d. More people are at the beach on vacation 85. In the northern hemisphere, storm surge is usually worst to the north and/or east of the eye of a landfalling hurricane because a. The circulation of air around the eye is strongest there b. There is more coastal development there c. Strong winds are blowing on-shore there d. Atmospheric pressure is lowest there 86. Because of climate change during the past 20 years there have been more hurricanes every year than the year before a. True b. False 87. The three major categories of fossils used by scientists to reconstruct the history of life are: a. Foot fossils, tooth fossils, and leaf fossils b. Foot fossils, trace fossils, and trackways c. Body fossils, trace fossils, and molecular fossils d. Body fossils, feather fossils, and leaf fossils 88. Life on Earth has been around for about: a. 3.8 thousand years b. 3.8 million years c. 3.8 billion years d. 3.8 trillion years 89. Natural selection is best described as: a. The survival of an individual because they are well adapted b. The survival of genes within a population because they are perfect c. The increased frequency of a genetic trait in a population because it increases the fitness (reproductive success) of the individuals who carry it d. The exchange of genes between geographically isolated populations 90. How do paleontologists reconstruct the evolutionary relationships among organisms? a. They look for analogies (similarities of form that evolve independently in different groups) b. They look for homologies (similarities of form that are inherited from a common ancestor) c. They look for gene flow between populations d. They check to see if two organisms could reproduce together

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Status NEW Posted 05 Sep 2017 02:09 PM My Price 8.00

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