1/4/14 Job Flexibility Seen as Key to Equal Pay - Real Time Economics - WSJ
THE SHOPS News, Quotes, Companies, Videos REAL TIME ECONOMICS INFLA TION
HOT TOPICS:
7:22 pm
Jan 4, 2014 FE D RECOVERY CHARTS E MP LOY ME NT Sunita's Journal EMPLOYMENT FED Without
Unemploy ment
Ex tension, Which
States Would Be Hit
Hardest? A Look Inside the
Fed’s Balance Sheet E CONOMIS TS RE A CT CENTRAL STATION NEWSLETTER FED BALANCE SHEET NUMB E R OF THE W E E K V ITA L S IGNS PARSING THE FED GLOBAL PREV IOUS Job Flexibility Seen as Key to Equal Pay
A RTICLE Economists Spar Ov er
U.S. Recov ery NEXT Fed Cognizant of
Bubble Risks, Plosser
Say s C OMMEN TS (4 )
SEARCH REAL TIME ECONOMICS AMERICAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION Email SEARCH CLAUDIA GOLDIN GO GENDER WAGE GAP Print Latest Economy News By Brenda Cronin
PHILADELPHIA—The key to narrowing the gender wage gap is restructuring jobs and
making hours more flexible, a leading scholar said, suggesting that the solution to equal
pay for men and women rests within the labor market itself and not on government policy.
Such changes already are afoot in some areas, including the fast-growing science,
technology and health-care sectors, but less so in business, finance and law, Harvard
professor Claudia Goldin said Saturday.
Ms. Goldin, president of the American Economic Association, focused on the gender
wage gap during her address Saturday to the group’s annual meeting. Solutions she
suggested to foster job flexibility included having teams of workers share responsibilities,
diminishing the need for an individual to be at work during a particular time period.
In 2012, women earned 76.5 cents for every dollar that men did, moving no closer to
narrowing a gap that has barely budged in almost a decade. Male full-time workers
notched median annual earnings of $49,398, compared with $37,791 for female workers,
according to a Census Bureau report late last year. In 2011, women earned 77 cents for
every $1 men earned. The wage gap narrowed steadily through the 1980s and 1990s
but the convergence slowed in the early 2000s.
A host of reasons have been suggested to explain the gap’s persistence, such as women
choosing less-remunerative fields than men, negotiating less for raises, and taking time
out from their careers to have children or care for other family members.
Ms. Goldin’s research offers far more nuanced insights than the Census data, which
encompass all jobs and education levels, rather than comparing the pay of women and
men in the same field, with similar levels of education.
Ms. Goldin, an economic historian and author of works including “Understanding the
Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women,” noted that the wage gap differs
among jobs. Occupations that exert significant time pressures and require a great deal of
client contact—for example, partners in law firms—have wider wage gaps than ones that
don’t, such as pharmacists.
In studying business-school and law-school graduates from the same universities, Ms.
Goldin found that women and men tended to have equal salaries when starting out in
their careers. The wage gap was evident five years later and opened up decisively within
15 years.
Ten to 16 years after receiving their Master’s of Business Administration
degrees, “women earn 55% what men [MBAs] do,” Ms. Goldin explained in the talk,
based on her paper titled, “A Grand Gender Convergence: Its Last Chapter.” Don't Miss [?] Five Things Airlines
Won't Tell You Getting Tapering
Right blogs.wsj.com/economics/2014/01/04/job-flexibility-seen-as-key-to-equal-pay/?mod=WSJ_hps_MIDDLENexttoWhatsNewsFifth Federal Reserve,
Ben Bernanke Press 1/4 1/4/14 Job Flexibility Seen as Key to Equal Pay - Real Time Economics - WSJ
Conference “Three factors explain 84% of the gap,” she wrote in the paper. “Training prior to MBA
receipt, (e.g., finance courses, GPA) accounts for 24%. Career interruptions and job
experience account for 30%, and differences in weekly hours are the remaining 30%.
Importantly, about two-thirds of the total penalty from job interruptions is due to
taking any time out.” About Real Time Economics Family was the primary reason for women stepping away from their careers. Giving
women the opportunity to keep working–on a more flexible schedule–would go a long
way to narrowing the pay gap, Ms. Goldin said. Some industries already “appear to be
moving in the direction of more flexibility and greater linearity of earnings with respect to
time worked,” she wrote.
There is precedent for momentous presidential addresses at the American Economic
Association meeting. In Milton Friedman’s 1967 speech, “The Role of Monetary Policy,”
he questioned the notion of a trade-off between inflation and unemployment—an
economic relationship named the Phillips curve, for its founder, William Phillips. CLAUDIA GOLDIN PREV IOUS Economists Spar Ov er U.S. Recov ery Read more Economics coverage.
Follow Real Tim e Econom ics on Tw itter Like Real
714 Tim e Econom ics on Facebook However, as one scholar pointed out at the meeting in Philadelphia, the full import of the
president’s talk often seeps in—even among economists—well after its delivery.
AMERICAN ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION Real Time Economics offers exclusive news, analysis and
commentary on the economy, Federal Reserve policy and
economics. The Wall Street Journal’s Phil Izzo is the lead
editor, with contributions from other Journal reporters and
editors. Send news items, comments and questions to
realtimeeconomics@wsj.com. GENDER WAGE GAP WSJ Email Newsletters
RTE Newsletter
SIGN UP NEXT Symbols and Alerts Fed Cognizant of Bubble Risks, Plosser
Say s Manage Email Preferences REA L TIME ECONOMICS HOME PA GE Email Print Don't Miss [?] Opinion: The Truth
About Income
Inequality Mortgage Rates
Going Up Next Year The Producer
Behind Miley's
Makeover Goes
Solo Opinion: What
Makes People
Happy? Warren Buffett Confesses
Warren Buffetts Shocking Confession Will Change your Investing Strategy
www.MarketTrendSignal.com
7% Annual Annuity Return
Get Guaranteed Lifetime Income and Reduced Risks to Retirees All Here.
AdvisorWorld.com/CompareAnnuities
best hair extensions
VIP L.A. Specializes In Extensions Of Any Style! Any Color! Best Price!
www.viplahairstudios.com
Painted Woman by Kameco
Make-up/Lashes/Hair Extensions/Snail Extract Cosmetics/Tanner/Nail Bar
www.paintedwomanbykameco.com Big changes are coming to WSJ.com. They will affect commenting, profiles, connections
and email notifications. Learn more. Add a Comment
NAME COMMENT Real Time Economics Categories
We w elcome thoughtful comments from readers. Please
comply w ith our guidelines. Our blogs do not require the
use of your real name. Fed 3882 Budgets 672 Credit Crisis 3672 Vital Signs 576 Global 2895 Manufacturing 563 Employment 2715 GDP 474 Business Cycles 2657 Stimulus 393 Consumption 1659 Currency 351 blogs.wsj.com/economics/2014/01/04/job-flexibility-seen-as-key-to-equal-pay/?mod=WSJ_hps_MIDDLENexttoWhatsNewsFifth 2/4 1/4/14 Job Flexibility Seen as Key to Equal Pay - Real Time Economics - WSJ
Trade 1294 Energy 348 Inflation 1201 Taxes 343 Housing 1056 Economists React 304 Education 196 ECB
CLEAR 730 POST WSJ Blogs Comments (4 of 4) View all Comments » 9:20 pm January 4, 2014 Jack Song wrote:
So Memphis, you understand what I’m saying right? I don’t understand the point of this article.
How are they supposed to achieve equal pay for equal work if they need to get all kinds of
exceptions of achieve that? What they’re suggesting basically confirms the reasons that they
thought were wrong that they provided in the beginning of the article. They can’t achieve equal
pay on a level playing field because there’s no free lunch: if you want flexibility and comfort, that
needs to be reflected in your paycheck when you’re competing against employees who can
provide their employ the luxury of working on demand on a normal schedule.
9:16 pm January 4, 2014 Memphis wrote:
Even though women, on average, earn less money than men (primarily because they work less),
more than half of the nation’s wealth is owned by women. Could it be that women live longer
because they spend less time in the paid workforce?
Pay should be equalized between men and women as soon as someone figures out how to
equalize life expectancies.
8:51 pm January 4, 2014 Jack Song wrote: At Work
Bankruptcy Beat
Canada Real Time
China Real Time Report
Corporate Intelligence
Developments
Digits
Dispatch
Emerging Europe Real Time
Five Things
Ideas Market
India Real Time
Japan Real Time
Korea Real Time
Law Blog
Metropolis
Middle East Real Time
MoneyBeat
Peggy Noonan's Blog
Photo Journal
Private Equity Beat
Real Time Brussels
Real Time Economics Risk & Compliance
Scene Asia
Southeast Asia Real Time
Speakeasy
Style & Substance
Tech Europe
The Accelerators
The CFO Report
The CIO Report
The Daily Fix
The Euro Crisis
The Experts
The Juggle
The Middle Seat Terminal
The Numbers Guy
Today in WSJ History
Total Return
Venture Capital Dispatch
WSJ Puzzles
WSJ This Morning
Washington Wire
Wealth Manager *to be less valuable
8:50 pm January 4, 2014 Finance Career Center powered by
An Adv ertising Feature Jack Song wrote:
Oh! Why did I never think of that?? If I allow them to less valuable employees and less effective
at their jobs, I can then pay them more! It all makes sense now! keyw ord city, zip, state Find Jobs MORE JOBS Technology Jobs | IT Jobs PARTNER CENTER An Advertising Feature Content from our Sponsors [?] blogs.wsj.com/economics/2014/01/04/job-flexibility-seen-as-key-to-equal-pay/?mod=WSJ_hps_MIDDLENexttoWhatsNewsFifth 3/4 1/4/14 Job Flexibility Seen as Key to Equal Pay - Real Time Economics - WSJ DAILY WORTH FLEXJOBS CASHNETUSA Act Your Wage, Not
Your Title 7 Big Name
Companies Who
Offer Remote and
Flexible Jobs 4 Mistakes People
Make When Looking
for a New Job Wall Street
Facebook
Journal
Twitter LinkedInFourSquare
Google+Y ouTube
Podcasts
RSS Feed AppStore Back to Top Customer Service Policy Advertise Tools & Features More Customer Center Privacy Policy Advertise Apps Reprints New! Live Help Cookie Policy Place a Classified Ad Emails & Alerts Content Partnerships Contact Us Data Policy Sell Your Home Graphics & Photos Conferences WSJ Weekend Copyright Policy Sell Your Business Columns SafeHouse Contact Directory Subscriber Agreement
& Terms of Use Commercial Real Estate Ads Topics Mobile Site Recruitment & Career Ads Guides Price & Volume Franchising Portfolio Keyword & Symbol Advertise Locally Old Portfolio News Archive Corrections Jobs at WSJ Your Ad Choices Copyright ©2013 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. blogs.wsj.com/economics/2014/01/04/job-flexibility-seen-as-key-to-equal-pay/?mod=WSJ_hps_MIDDLENexttoWhatsNewsFifth 4/4

AccountingQueen

(3)

Status NEW Posted 14 Sep 2017 08:09 AM My Price 10.00

Hel-----------lo -----------Sir-----------/Ma-----------dam----------- T-----------han-----------k y-----------ou -----------for----------- us-----------ing----------- ou-----------r w-----------ebs-----------ite----------- an-----------d a-----------cqu-----------isi-----------tio-----------n o-----------f m-----------y p-----------ost-----------ed -----------sol-----------uti-----------on.----------- Pl-----------eas-----------e p-----------ing----------- me----------- on----------- ch-----------at -----------I a-----------m o-----------nli-----------ne -----------or -----------inb-----------ox -----------me -----------a m-----------ess-----------age----------- I -----------wil-----------l

Not Rated(0)

• Buy Answer