1 Research suggests that there maybe some genetic contribution to the development of many anxiety disorders, but other studies have found that ........?.......... is/are primarily caused by environmental rather than genetic factors.

 

a. panic attacks

b. generalized anxiety disorder

c. phobias

d. obsessive compulsive disorder

 

 

2 One way that therapists assist clients suffering from a phobia is through a technique called " systematic desensitization" . The person is gradually exposed to the trigger of their fear intil they learn to respond with relaxation instead of panic and dread. This uses the principle of...........?.............., which suggests that repeated exposure to a stimulus leads to familiarity and comfort.

 

 

a. relaxation

b. habituation

c. diminution

d. minimization

 

 

3. What did Albert Bandura believe to be the relationship between self efficacy and high performance achievement?

 

 

a. he believed that self efficacy not only predicts high performance, but also causes it.

 

b. he believed that only those with high self efficacy are remotely capable of performing well.

 

c. he believed that high performance not only predicts self efficacy, but also causes it.

 

d. he believed that self efficacy is only related to high performance when a person also has natural talent or ability. Without those attributes, no amount of self efficacy can result in a high level of performance.

 

 

4. what would have been John B. Watson's biggest objection to the theories of Sigmund Freud and the psychodynamic school of thought?

 

 

a. the unconscious is not the same in every human being, and so it is not a stable concept that can be explored scientifically.

 

b. Freud's theories do not acknowledge that there is any influence of our environment upon our psychological development.

 

c. Freud's theories, and the psychodynamic approach that followed, were far too conservative and limited by the Victorian times in which he lived.

 

d. Freud's main concept, the unconscious, was an internal process that could not be observed, measured, or validated.

 

 

5. Ivy grew up in a home where it was well understood that if someone was in the shower you should wait to flush a toilet, or else you will burn someone. Years later, when Ivy was living in a home with new plumbing she would still jump out of the shower if she heard a toilet flush. This pairing of two stimuli with a response is an example of.............?...............?

 

 

a. intrinsic learning

b. conditioning

c. extrinsic learning

d. cognitive mapping

 

 

6. Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome might explain why college students tend to experience a higher rate of absenteeism from class around midterm and final exam time each semester?

 

 

a. resistance

b. alarm

c. exhaustion

d. surrender

 

 

7. One of the earliest theories of multiple types of intelligence was that of Raymond Cattell, who suggested that intelligence can be divided into two types:

 

 

a. intrapersonal and interpersonal

 

b. emotional and intellectual

 

c. practical and creative

 

d. fluid and crystallized

 

 

 

8. In a now famous presidential debate form 1960, Richard Nixon and JFK appeared on nationwide TV. The next day many people declared that Nixon had lost the debate, and commented on his sickly and disheveled appearance. Their decision about who the winner of the debate was came via ............?............. route processing.

 

 

a. didactic

b. central

c. peripheral

d. dynamic

 

 

9. When you insert your key into the lock on your front door, very specific grooves in that key trigger tumblers to open the lock. In the very same way, ...............?................ detectors are specialized brain cells that only respond to particular elements in the visual field.

 

 

a. itemized

b. visual

c. gestalt

d. feature

 

 

 

10. Which of the following is a valid concern with regard to treating boys and girls differently during their childhoods?

 

 

a. adults stressing independence may be less nurturing of girls than of boys, since they feel that girls naturally have better problems solving abilities than boys

 

b. adults mat grow to love children more or less based on their gender consistent behaviors .

 

c. adults may grow to have different expectations about the abilities of boys and girls , and thus treat them in ways that either encourage or discourage certain skills

 

d. adults may force more encouragement and instruction in math and science on girls, since the believe that girls are naturally less capable in those subjects.