1. The Aristotelian worldview tried to explain natural phenomena

A. in terms of the particular essences or living forces that dwelt within different classes of individual;

B. in terms of mechanistic laws that applied to all things and at all places;

C. as the product of divine intervention;

D. as the result of inanimate matter being shaped by universal physical forces.

 

2. In the 'Meditations', Descartes set out to

A. prove his own existence;

B. demonstrate that there was no external world;

C. find a secure basis for human knowledge;

D. show that mathematical reasoning was open to doubt.

 

3. For Descartes, one thing that could not be doubted was

A. the existence of God;

B. immediate sense perception;

C. that, while thinking, he necessarily existed;

D. that all thought may be subject to the whims of a demon.

 

4. According to Cartesian dualism

A. the mind and body are two different sorts of substance, one physical and the other non-physical;

B. the mind and body are different sorts of property inhering in the same substance;

C. there are two types of soul, vegetative and sensitive;

D. there are two types of mind, rational and irrational.

 

5. One of the reasons that Descartes thought that the mind could not be purely mechanical was that he believed that no mechanism could

A. produce and use language in a creative way;

B. respond to sensation;

C. exhibit learning;

D. produce intelligible speech.

 

6. According to property dualism, mental and physical properties

A. belong to different substances;

B are properties of one and the same substance;

C. cannot exist without one another;

D. can be considered one and the same thinseen from a duality of viewpoints.

 

7. An emergent property is

A. one that emerges in the course of development or maturation;

B. one that emerges in the course of evolution;

C. a macro-level property that emerges from the organisation of micro-level unit possessing that property to a lesser extent;

D. a macro-level property that emerges from the organisation micro-level units, but is not possessed by any of those units individually.

 

8. Descartes believed that the role of sense experience in knowledge was

A. that it gave us direct contact with the empirical world;

B. that it merely served to awaken innate knowledge that was already within the mind;

C. that it was the yardstick against which any knowledge claims should be measured;

D. that it was source of all scientific truth

 

9. For Ryle, the mind-body problem stems from

 

A. introspection on our own mental states;

B. the fact than the physical and non-physical worlds cannot interact;

C. linguistic confusion;

D. the inaccessability of other minds.

 

10. According to functionalism, mental states are not defined by

A. their intrinsic characteristics;

B. the material in which an information processing system is instantiated;

C. subjective experience;