Short answers are fine

 

 

Chapter 5 Discussion questions:

1.      Discuss the meanings of absolute. Pg 78

“Perfect in quality, and complete”

 

2.      Discuss cultural relativism and cultural absolutism. Pgs 79-80

Cultural Relativism is the view that moral or ethical systems, which vary from culture to   culture, are all equally valid and no one system is really “better” than any other.

Culture Absolution is the view that says ultimate moral principles do not vary from culture to culture.

3.      Discuss types of propositions. Pgs 81-82

Analytic, Internal Sense, Empirical Sense, Moral

4.      Discuss moral propositions as types of empirical propositions. Pgs 84-85

It contains value judgement as to the morality of human actions or characters.

 Chapter 6 Discussion questions:

1.      Discuss the meaning of determinism. Pgs 91-92

For every result, effect, and event that occurs in reality, a cause or causes exist.

2.      Discuss social-cultural determinism. Pgs 94-95

Three types: Historical, economic, Physiological

3.      Discuss fatalism and hard and soft determinism. Pgs 96-98

Fatalism is the view that all events are irrevocably fixed and predetermined, that they cannot be altered in any way by human beings and that the future is always beyond our control.

Hard Determinism maintains that if all events are caused, thern there can be no such thing as freedom or free will.

Soft Determinism maintains that there is universal causation, but, unlike hard determinists, they believe that some of this causation originates with human beings, thus giving meaning to the phrase “human freedom.”

4.      Discuss existentialism and human consciousness. Pgs 101-102

People cannot help that they are born, how they’re born, in what century, or to which parents they are born; but can determine how they live.

 Chapter 7 Discussion questions:

1.      Discuss what justice involves. Pgs 107-108

Just as ethics or morality involves the” treatment’ of human beings by other human beings, justice as an aspect of ethics involves the same thing.

2.      Discuss comparative justice and criteria for rewarding people. Pgs 108-109

Deals with the way in which a person is treated in relation to another person.

3.      Discuss John Rawls and his theory of justice. Pgs 114-115

“Justice as Fairness”

4.      Discuss punishment. Pgs 116-117

Anyone can decide to punish anyone else.

5.      Discuss problems with determining what people deserve. Pgs 118-119

Punishing on the basis of what people deserve seems to be the most just approach .

6.      Discuss human rights. Pgs 128-129

Huma rights is one of the few concepts that speaks to the need for transnational activism and concern about the lives of the people globally.

 Chapter 8 Discussion questions:

1.      Discuss reason. Pgs 141-142

Implies giving “reasons” for a decision or an action, and such an activity already involves more than merely expressing feelings.

2.      Discuss ability to be taught and promulgated. Pgs 143

a moral system should be laid out for people to see and understand. It should also, be teachable, so that others can learn about it regardless of whether they wish to accept or reject it.

3.      Discuss the Golden Rule Principle. Pgs 144-145

“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” - Kant Theory

4.      Discuss the value of life principle. Pgs 145-146

“Human Beings should revere life and except death.”

5.      Discuss the principle of individual freedom. Pgs 150-151

States that people, being individuals with individual differences, must have the freedom to choose their own ways and means of being moral within the framework of the first four basic principles

Chapter 5 Discussion questions:
1. Discuss the meanings of absolute. Pg 78
“Perfect in quality, and complete”
2. Discuss cultural relativism and cultural absolutism. Pgs 79-80
Cultural Relativism is the view that moral or ethical systems, which vary from culture to
culture, are all equally valid and no one system is really “better” than any other.
Culture Absolution is the view that says ultimate moral principles do not vary from culture to
culture.
3. Discuss types of propositions. Pgs 81-82
Analytic, Internal Sense, Empirical Sense, Moral
4. Discuss moral propositions as types of empirical propositions. Pgs 84-85
It contains value judgement as to the morality of human actions or characters.
Chapter 6 Discussion questions:
1. Discuss the meaning of determinism. Pgs 91-92
For every result, effect, and event that occurs in reality, a cause or causes exist.
2. Discuss social-cultural determinism. Pgs 94-95
Three types: Historical, economic, Physiological
3. Discuss fatalism and hard and soft determinism. Pgs 96-98
Fatalism is the view that all events are irrevocably fixed and predetermined, that they cannot
be altered in any way by human beings and that the future is always beyond our control.
Hard Determinism maintains that if all events are caused, thern there can be no such thing as
freedom or free will.
Soft Determinism maintains that there is universal causation, but, unlike hard determinists,
they believe that some of this causation originates with human beings, thus giving meaning to
the phrase “human freedom.”
4. Discuss existentialism and human consciousness. Pgs 101-102
People cannot help that they are born, how they’re born, in what century, or to which parents
they are born; but can determine how they live.
Chapter 7 Discussion questions:
1. Discuss what justice involves. Pgs 107-108
Just as ethics or morality involves the” treatment’ of human beings by other human beings,
justice as an aspect of ethics involves the same thing. 2. Discuss comparative justice and criteria for rewarding people. Pgs 108-109
Deals with the way in which a person is treated in relation to another person.
3. Discuss John Rawls and his theory of justice. Pgs 114-115
“Justice as Fairness”
4. Discuss punishment. Pgs 116-117
Anyone can decide to punish anyone else.
5. Discuss problems with determining what people deserve. Pgs 118-119
Punishing on the basis of what people deserve seems to be the most just approach .
6. Discuss human rights. Pgs 128-129
Huma rights is one of the few concepts that speaks to the need for transnational activism
and concern about the lives of the people globally.
Chapter 8 Discussion questions:
1. Discuss reason. Pgs 141-142
Implies giving “reasons” for a decision or an action, and such an activity already involves
more than merely expressing feelings.
2. Discuss ability to be taught and promulgated. Pgs 143
a moral system should be laid out for people to see and understand. It should also, be
teachable, so that others can learn about it regardless of whether they wish to accept or
reject it.
3. Discuss the Golden Rule Principle. Pgs 144-145
“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” - Kant Theory
4. Discuss the value of life principle. Pgs 145-146
“Human Beings should revere life and except death.”
5. Discuss the principle of individual freedom. Pgs 150-151
States that people, being individuals with individual differences, must have the freedom to
choose their own ways and means of being moral within the framework of the first four basic
principles.