Question 1 Eli's grandma gives him a Tootsie roll every time she visits. When Eli sees
his grandma arriving, his mouth begins to water. In this example, the
conditioned response (CR) is _____.
Answer
s: hunger
grandma
the Tootsie roll
the watering
mouth
Question 2 If your dog was classically conditioned to wag his tail when you pick up a
leash to go for a walk, what would extinguish this behavior?
Answer
s: Use operant conditioning to teach him to recognize
the word walk.
Take him for a walk without his leash.
Forget it, you cannot extinguish this behavior.
Pick up the leash without taking him for a walk.
Question 3 Punishment can result in _____.
Answer
s: all of these options
an increase in avoidance behavior
a decrease in the target behavior
an increase in aggression or passive
aggressiveness Question 4
When you put on sunscreen to avoid a sunburn, the avoidance of the sunburn is _____.
Answer negative
s:
punishment negative
reinforcement
positive
reinforcement
positive
punishment Question 5 Which of the following is NOT required for you to learn by observation?
Answer
s: You must organize and remember what you saw.
The model must match you in age, gender, and other
characteristics.
You must be able (e.g., physically or developmentally) to
reproduce what you observed.
You must pay attention to the model.
Question 6 In Pavlov's original classical conditioning experiments, the _____ was the
neutral stimulus, the _____ was the stimulus that would elicit a reflex, and
_____ was the reflexive response.
Answer
s: salivation; meat powder;
ringing the bell
meat powder; salivation;
ringing the bell
meat powder; bell; salivation
bell; meat powder; salivation
Question 7 Primary reinforcers _____.
Answer
s: all of these options
increase the probability of a
response
usually satisfy a biological
need
do not need to be learned
Question 8 Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning?
Answer A.
s:
You think that everyone should wear their seat belts because you were hurt in an accident when you weren't wearing one.
B. You are an aggressive driver, but you stop for red lights because you got a ticket
for running one several months ago.
C. After an accident with a red car last month, you gets nervous when you see a
red car, but not when you see a red bicycle. D. You think all elderly drivers are slow and leave their blinkers on. Question 9 A child is bitten by a dog and then is afraid of all dogs, not just the dog
that bit him. This is an example of _____.
Answer
s: reinforcement
stimulus
discrimination
stimulus
generalization
extinction
Question 10 Chickens could not be taught to play baseball because they would chase
the ball after it was batted, rather than run to first base. This was an
example of _____ because it demonstrated that the chicken's innate
pattern of running after food (the ball) took precedence over running
toward a stationary object (first base).
Answer
s: classical
conditioning
operant
conditioning
instinctive drift
an autonomic
reflex
Question 11 Reinforcement and punishment are defined in terms of _____.
Answer
s: whether they increase or decrease
responses that follow
adaptive significance
intrinsic and extrinsic motives
whether they cause pleasure and pain Question 12
Generally, classical conditioning is _____; operant conditioning is _____.
Answer A.
s:
involuntary; voluntary B. voluntary;
involuntary
C. active; passive
D. permanent;
temporary Question 13 Your child is whining at the grocery store. To keep him quiet, you give him a lollipop and
he stops whining. In this situation, your child has been _____, and you have been _____.
Answer punished; reinforced
s: positively reinforced; negatively
reinforced
operantly conditioned; classically
conditioned
negatively reinforced; positively
punished Question 14 Continuous reinforcement is "better" when it comes to _____; partial
reinforcement is "better" when it comes to _____.
Answer
s: resistance to extinction; spontaneous
recovery
initial learning of a behavior; resistance
to extinction
spontaneous recovery; initial learning of a
behavior
resistance to extinction; initial learning of
a behavior
Question 15 You spank your child when he pulls the dog's tail. You are using _____ to teach your child
not to pull the dog's tail.
Answer A.
s:
negative reinforcement
B. positive
reinforcement
C. negative
punishment
D. positive
punishment Question 16 In John Watson's demonstration of classical conditioning with little Albert,
the unconditioned STIMULUS was _____.
Answer
s: Watson
a rat
symptoms of
fear
a loud noise
Question 17 When a neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus
to become a conditioned stimulus as well, this is called _____ conditioning.
Answer
s: secondar
y
operant
classical
higher
order
Question 18 Although Henrietta extinguished her fear of spiders several months ago, she suddenly
gasped in horror and felt her heart pounding when she saw an itsy-bitsy spider on her
desk. This is an example of _____.
Answer A.
s:
higher order conditioning
B. an extreme case of
arachnophobia
C. spontaneous recovery
D. latent learning Question 19 Positive punishment _____ and positive reinforcement _____ the likelihood
the response will continue. Answer
s: decreases;
decreases
increases;
decreases
decreases;
increases
increases;
increases
Question 20 You clap with delight when your young son picks up a spoon. You laugh
and applaud when he later brings the spoon toward his mouth. When he
places the spoon in his mouth you hug and kiss him. It is MOST likely that
you _____.
Answer
s: are a first-time parent
are using shaping to teach your son to eat with spoon.
are using classical conditioning to teach your son to
eat with a spoon.
are using the Premack principle to teach your son to
eat with a spoon.
Question 21 Diem gets paid for every piece of jewelery she makes. David gets paid on Fridays for 40
hours of work. Diem is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement, while David is on a _____
schedule.
Answer fixed ratio; fixed interval
s: variable interval;
variable ratio
fixed interval; variable
interval
fixed interval; fixed ratio Question 22 If a mother acts upset and fearful when exposed to a particular ethnic
group, it is likely that her child will learn to be upset when exposed to the
same ethnic group. This is an example of how prejudice is acquired
through _____.
Answer
s: shaping classical
conditioning
operant
conditioning
latent learning
Question 23 Ten days in a row Frank felt a static electric shock when he kissed his wife
on the living room carpet. Now he feels mildly anxious whenever he
approaches his wife to kiss her. In classical conditioning, his wife was a(n)
_____ stimulus ten days ago, and has now become a(n) _____ stimulus.
Answer A.
s:
unconditioned; conditioned
B. neutral;
unconditioned
C. unconditioned;
neutral
D. neutral; conditioned
Question 24 The addition of a(n) _____ stimulus results in positive reinforcement; whereas the
subtraction of a(n) _____ stimulus results in negative reinforcement.
Answer A.
s:
desirable; painful or annoying
B. operant; classical
C. primary; secondary
D. bad; good Question 25 When you put nickels in a gum-ball machine, you receive _____
reinforcement; when you put nickels in a slot machine, you receive _____
reinforcement.
Answer A.
s:
Partial;
B. partial Continuous;
continuous
C. Continuous; partial
D. Partial; continuous

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