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smokers are asked to drive using a computerized driving simulators
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1. In a laboratory, smokers are asked to drive using a computerized driving simulator. They are asked to cover the maximum distance possible, while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some volunteers are givena real cigare±e to smoke immediately before the test. Others are given a fake cigare±e without nico²ne. The number of collisions the two groups make will be compared. In this study, the cigare±e without nico²ne is a(n):A. dependent variable. B. placebo. C. double-blind procedure. D. hypothesis.2. Which of these is a type of inferen²al sta²s²c?A. Median B. Signifcance test C. ArithmeTc mean D. Standard deviaTons3. Why are experiments generally more valuable than other research methods?A. ±hey are always double-blind. B. ±hey can determine correlaTons among ideas. C. ±hey require inFormed consent by parTcipants. D. ±hey allow a determinaTon oF cause-e²ect relaTonships.4. Which of the following is cri²cal in tes²ng new drugs because of the op²mism that the new drugs may create in the minds of the users?A. StandardizaTon B. Small sample sizing C. Laboratory observaTon D. Use oF a placebo5. Which statement about a hypothesis is true?A. It is a sentence negaTng the assumpTon that is considered correct by a researcher. B. It is a theory that has not yet been accepted by most scienTsts. C. It is a statement about a relaTonship between variables that may be empirically tested. D. It is a precise defniTon oF a term used in a theory.6. __________ are fake treatments or inac²ve substances used as a control in an experiment.A. Double-blinds B. AlternaTve medicines C. Clinical trials D. Placebos7. In an experimental situa²on, what is true of the independent variable?A. It is a placebo. B. It is measured. C. It is held constant. D. It is manipulated.
8. An experiment is conducted to test a new anTanxiety drug. Afer taking the drug, 35 percent oF the parTcipants receiving the medicaTon report decreased anxiety, compared to 36 percent oF those taking the placebo. Which conclusion should the researchers make?A. The research partcipan±s knew which group ±hey were in. B. The drug i±self probably has no real eFec± on anxie±y. C. The drug may have led ±o an increase in anxie±y. D. The research partcipan±s need a more eFectve anxie±y ±rea±men±.9. In the cycle oF scienT±c research, a theory is __________ when new evidence is gathered.A. proven B. replaced C. revised D. legalized10. A statement that a²empts to predict or account For a set oF phenomena is called a(n):A. hypo±hesis. B. axiom. C. corollary. D. ±heory.11. Which oF these is now required as a result oF controversy over the use oF decepTon in research?A. The APA now no longer sanctons ±he use of decepton. B. Researchers are required ±o debrief partcipan±s when decepton is used. C. Deceived partcipan±s mus± be oFered ±herapy free of charge if reques±ed. D. Decepton is allowed only if ±he partcipan±s are volun±eers.12. In the scienT±c use oF the term, a “theory” is a(n):A. predicton abou± ±he ou±come of a given experimen± or s±udy. B. organized sys±em of assumptons and principles ±ha± claims ±o explain a se± of observatons and how ±hey are rela±ed. C. precise de²niton of a ±erm in a hypo±hesis, which speci²es how i± will be observed and measured. D. scients±’s bes± guess abou± ±he cause of an even± or phenomenon.13. Psychologists typically consider a result to be signi±cant iF it would be expected to occur by chance __________ or Fewer Tmes in 100 repeTTons oF the study.A. 5 B. 10 C. 20 D. 4014. A result that is signi±cant at the .05 level indicates that:A. ±he probabili±y ±ha± ±he resul± was ob±ained by chance is high, so ±he resul± is no± real. B. ±he probabili±y ±ha± ±he resul± is due ±o real diFerences be±ween groups can be measured a± .05 chance. C. ±he probabili±y is high ±ha± ±here is a positve relatonship be±ween ±he dependen± and independen± variables. D. ±he probabili±y ±ha± ±he resul± was ob±ained by chance is low, so ±he resul± is probably real.
15. A(n) __________ allows a researcher to control and manipulate the situaTon under study.A. survey B. experiment C. case study D. correlaTonal study16. A __________ draws a range a li±le higher and lower than the sample mean to help depict where the true mean probably lies.A. confdence interval B. standard deviaTon C. signifcance test D. descripTve staTsTc17. A scienTfc theory can be thought oF as a(n):A. personal opinion. B. established truth. C. system oF assumpTons. D. empirical prooF.18. Hannah decides to test whether engineering majors have greater visual–spaTal abiliTes than students with other majors. Hannah decides to defne visual–spaTal ability in terms oF how long it takes each parTcipant to complete a jigsaw puzzle. ²his is an example oF a(n):A. operaTonal defniTon. B. theoreTcal defniTon. C. corollary. D. hypothesis.19 Mei is trying to defne “anxiety” in such a way that it specifes how it is to be observed, measured, and empirically tested. She is a±empTng to fnd an appropriate:A. hypothesis. B. corollary. C. theoreTcal defniTon. D. operaTonal defniTon.20. BeFore research can proceed, a hypothesis must be made more __________ through the use oF operaTonal defniTons.A. empirical B. accurate C. precise D. theoreTcal
