Question 1

Aggression used to obtain or retain a toy or other object is called:

1. bullying.
2. instrumental aggression.
3. reactive aggression.
4. personal aggression.

 

Question 2

1. Name and describe the FIRST stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial theory of development. 
2. Explain what goes on during this stage; what is the main goal or crisis? Tell how might a parent help a child achieve a positive resolution of this crisis?

Question 3

According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child:

1. interact with an adult to accomplish the task.
2. is told instructions for a task only once.
3. is allowed to discover the solution to a task on his or her own.
4. work unassisted to prove the child can do it well alone.

1 points  

Question 4

John, age 4, believes his parents will always be with him. This is an example of:

1. focus on appearance.
2. static reasoning.
3. centration.
4. irreversibility.

1 points  

Question 5

Emotional development ...

1. follows a relatively standard developmental timeline
2. become increasingly complex
3. lead to self-conscious emotions
4. all of the above

1 points  

Question 6

If a preschool child thinks a tall 20-year-old is older than a 40-year-old dwarf, this is an example of:

1. egocentrism.
2. static thinking.
3. focus on appearance.
4. symbolic thinking.

1 points  

Question 7

Neural connections that are not used shrink and disappear.

1.  True
2.  False

1 points  

Question 8

When children demonstrate centration, they:

1. are in the formal operational stage.
2. cannot make a decision.
3. cannot solve math problems in their heads.
4. only look at one aspect of a situation, not seeing "the big picture".

1 points  

Question 9

Fast mapping explains how children are able to:

1. perfect understanding of the definition of new words.
2. develop general understanding of words heard only once or twice.
3. learn how to pronounce new words without error.
4. follow simple instructions.

1 points  

Question 10

Like Freud, Erikson felt that problems and conflicts that arise in the early years of childhood could adversely affect later adult personality.

1.  True
2.  False

Question 11

1. Name and describe the second OR third stage of Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial theory of development. Explain what the main goal or crisis is.  How might a parent help a child achieve a positive resolution of this crisis?  (6 points)

Question 12

Behaviorists believe that reinforcement is the key to teaching children language.

1.  True
2.  False

1 points  

Question 13

Piaget called the stage of cognitive development between the ages of 3 and 6 ___________ thought.

1. operational
2. egocentric
3. preoperational
4. sensorimotor

1 points  

Question 14

Maturation AND an individual infant’s motivation, physical strength and opportunities combine to explain motor development.

1.  True
2.  False

1 points  

Question 15

Parents who set limits, enforce rules, and listen receptively to their children are exhibiting what parenting style?

1. autocratic
2. authoritarian
3. authoritative
4. automatic

1 points  

Question 16

Malnourishment, can change the structure of the developing brain; studies show supplements given to malnourished children have no effect on cognitive development.

1.  True
2.  False

1 points  

Question 17

Boys engage in more rough-and-tumble play than girls do.

1.  True
2.  False

1 points  

Question 18

A psychologist who hides a toy under a blanket to see if an infant will uncover it or look for it, is testing for:

1. synchrony
2. overregularization
3. object permanence.
4. goodness of fit.

1 points  

Question 19

Expression of aggression or prosocial behaviors are impacted by 

1. Temperament
2. level of warmth
3. media exposure
4. all of the above

1 points  

Question 20

Self-concept is not evident until approximately 6 years old.

1.  True
2.  False

1 points  

Question 21

Social Learning would propose that gender roles are developed through role modeling and imitation.

1.  True
2.  False

1 points  

Question 22

An infant's distress at an unfamiliar person is called:

1. stranger wariness.
2. extrafamilial fear.

fear of the unknown.

1. separation anxiety.

1 points  

Question 23

Piaget determined that language such as “private speech” is a tool of learning.

1.  True
2.  False

1 points  

Question 24

Myelination:

1. connects the two halves of the brain.
2. compensates for loss of brain function due to injury.
3. promotes regular childhood sleep patterns.
4. speeds up the transmission of neural impulses.

1 points  

Question 25

Victor and Rosa want to ensure to develop trust with their 6-month-old daughter. They can best do this by:

1. responding to her needs 
2. being consistent in behavior and responses
3. reactining with sensitivity to her needs and emotions
4. all of the above.

1 points  

Question 26

A person's understanding of the emotions, intentions, thoughts, and perceptions of other people is called:

1. intuitive psychology.
2. psychological schemata.
3. theory of mind.
4. self schemes.

1 points  

Question 27

Theory of mind is advanced by:

1. brain maturation.
2. language.
3. an older sibling.
4. all of the above.

1 points  

Question 28

One child pretends to be the mother while the other pretends to be baby who won't eat his dinner. Such play is called:

1. reciprocal.
2. dramatic.
3. familial.
4. psychosocial.

1 points  

Question 29

A baby searches the faces of her parents to see how to respond in unfamiliar situations. This is called:

1. separation anxiety.
2. social referencing.
3. stranger anxiety.
4. uncertainty checking.

 

Question 30

1. Name and describe the first OR second stage of Piaget’s Cognitive development theory. Give an example of how it applies to learning or development? (6 points)

 

Question 31

The infant brain is 70% of it's adult weight by one year.

1.  True
2.  False

1 points  

Question 32

When a person does good deeds, such as sharing, in order to benefit someone else, this is called ______ behavior.

1. moral
2. religious
3. egalitarian
4. prosocial

1 points  

Question 33

An 11-month-old baby is not likely to display both fear of strangers and separation anxiety.

1.  True
2.  False

1 points  

Question 34

Vygotsky would approve of all of the following ways to guide cognitive growth except:

1. Letting the child figure out a new computer game on his own.
2. Verbally motivating the child to try his hardest while working on a project.
3. Providing step-by-step instruction on how to tie shoelaces.
4. Noticing a child’s frustration and offering the child verbal hints on completing a puzzle.

1 points  

Question 35

In the preschool years, physical growth is usually more rapid that it was in the first two years

1.  True
2.  False