Trying to Figure Out Where We Belong
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B Trying to Figure Out Where We Belong ^ : Narratives of Racialized Sexual Minorities on Community, Identity, Discrimination, and Health Monica A. Ghabrial 1 Published online: 12 May 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 Abstract Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Queer people of color (LGBTQ-POC) are regularly exposed to unique and con- textual forms of prejudice and stigma, which have been linked to stress and increased likelihood of mental and physical health problems. In order to better understand the experiences of this multiply marginalized population, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 LGBTQ-POC to examine how they describe their experiences with identities, communities, discrim- ination, and health. Data consisted of verbatim interviews, which were guided by intersectionality theory and minority stress theory and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Using intersectionality theory , this study addresses the simulta- neity of oppressions and the ways in which having different combinations of marginalized identities may impact LGBTQ- POC well-being. Common issues discussed by respondents in- clude disconnect from communities, relationships between iden- tities, coming out, and stress and anxiety. The primary concepts introduced in this study include positive intersectionality and come out stress. Keywords Homophobia . Racism . Marginalization . Stress . Positive intersectionality . Come out stress Introduction Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Queer people of color (LGBTQ-POC) are challenged by social and psychological issues unlike those that affect White LGBTQ or heterosexual racial/ethnic minority individuals (Akerlund and Cheung 2000 ). In addition to everyday racism and heterosexism, this population experiences racism within LGBTQ (or B queer ^ ) communities and relationships, heterosexism within their eth- nic community, and varying forms of oppression that interact in different contexts. Individuals ’ identities and inequalities are intersecting, rather than additive, and therefore they must be thought of as merging together and impacting how each identity is expressed and experienced socially (Crenshaw 1991 ). These experiences and expressions of sexual, gender, and ethnic and racial (also termed B ethnoracial ^ and B racialized ^ ) identities are fluid and are impacted by each other and the environment differently over time. For example, research shows that, although Black gay men may be regarded with disdain in Black Baptist communities (Ward 2005 ), they are perceived as more likable than Black heterosexual men by White individuals (Remedios et al. 2011 ). Using intersectionality theory , researchers can begin to address and understand the simultaneity of oppressions and the ways in which having different combinations of marginalized identi- ties may impact well-being (Simien 2007 ). Research using an intersectional lens helps us to better understand racism, sex- ism, and heterosexism because LGBTQ-POC individuals are faced with B a fluid and contextual sexualization of race and a racialization of sexuality, ^ rather than with each-ism individ- ually Narváez et al. ( 2009 , p. 65). Studies that attain a deeper understanding of these complex interactions and their effect on stress and health have the potential to educate healthcare providers and policy makers on the gravity of these experi- ences and contribute to public education on the relationship between mental and physical health. Based on a review of the growing literature on LGBTQ-POC, health and stress (e.g., Meyer 2010 ; Steele et al. 2009 ), discrimination and microaggressions (e.g., Liao et al. 2016 ; Nadal et al. 2011 ), * Monica A. Ghabrial monica.ghabrial@mail.utoronto.ca 1 Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Sex Res Soc Policy (2017) 14:42 – 55 DOI 10.1007/s13178-016-0229-x
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Posted 06 Oct 2017 06:10 AM
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