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The American system of   came from England, where the system had been in general use since the   of 1066. The system logically emphasizes judges' reliance on the doctrine of   as a way of making the law uniform across jurisdictions; precedent from earlier cases can be said to be the lifeblood of the system, as such. As we learned shortly thereafter, however, the law courts of England found themselves somewhat limited in the relief they could provide to a plaintiff, and had no powers to issue _____________________  relief such as a restraining order. This is where the Chancery Courts filled the hole, using broad powers of _______________________  that the law courts simply didn't have.