SmartExpert
$30/per page/Negotiable
Expected relative frequency probability represents a calculated probability based on large numbers of trials. In an example of a deck of 52 cards, where you randomly pull cards from the deck and record what they are, you find that over 1000 random draws, you pull an ACE 76 times. What would be the calculated probability based on relative frequency?
0.76
10%
0.3
Correct Answer 0.076
Correct answer question2
Methods of measurement where participants becoming aware of those measurements, actually alter their responses or behaviors are known as…?
Second generation
Correct Answer Reactive
Ethically volatile
Fuzzy focused
Correct answer question3
Establishing clear __________ is critical to developing clear and accurate measurement strategies.
Paths to success
Conceptual determinations
Correct Answer Operational definitions
Natural focus
Incorrect answer question4
Which is of the following is NOT a method for validating a qualitative study?
Negative case analysis
External Audits
Correct Answer Cronbach’s Alpha
Peer review or member checking
Clarifying researcher bias
Correct answer question5
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) results in the calculation of the F Statistic and interpretation of this statistic will inform you as to…?
Which mean significantly differs from others
Correct Answer Whether one or more of the means is significantly different from one or more of the others in the study
How the variables are associated with each other
How many means differ significantly from the “Grand Mean”
Correct answer question6
What qualitative design generally uses both open coding and axial coding to develop theoretical codes or themes?
Narrative
Phenomenology
Case study
Correct Answer Grounded Theory
Ethnography
Correct answer question7
All the following are measures of variability or dispersion within a set of data except…?
Variance
Correct Answer Median
Standard Deviation
Range
Correct answer question8
A Dichotomous Variable represents what level of measurement within the realm of quantitative analysis?
Ordinal
Ratio
Interval
Correct Answer Nominal
Correct answer question9
It is extremely important to establish the appropriate level of measurement for variables being measured in a study, because level of measurement impacts…?
How often measurements should be made
The number of participants that must be recruited
How long the study will run
Correct Answer The assumptions underlying the quantitative methods of analysis chosen
Correct answer question10
Time focus of a research design can involve assessing a condition and looking backwards to subject history, or assessing a condition and looking forward to the effects the come manifest over time. This is known as…?
Focused, Unfocused
Artifactual, Speculative
Inward, Outward
Correct Answer Retrospective, Prospective
Correct answer question11
Uncontrolled variance that distorts scores and observations so that these no longer accurately represent the construct in question or being studied is known as…?
Correct Answer Measurement error
Fluctuating bias
Non-specific distortion algorithms
Validation failure
Correct answer question12
A design method in quantitative research that is used to control for order of effects without having all possible orders is called…?
Chi Square
Repeated measures
Correct Answer Latin Squares
Analysis of Covariance
Correct answer question13
Identify the correct order of operations for calculation of basic math problems
Rule 1: First perform any calculations inside parentheses.
Rule 2: Next perform all additions and subtractions, working from left to right.
Rule 3: Lastly, perform all multiplications and divisions, working from left to right.
Correct Answer Rule 1: First perform any calculations inside parentheses.
Rule 2: Next perform all multiplications and divisions, working from left to right.
Rule 3: Lastly, perform all additions and subtractions, working from left to right.
Rule 1: First perform all additions and subtractions, working from left to right.
Rule 2: Next perform all multiplications and divisions, working from left to right.
Rule 3: Lastly, perform any calculations inside parentheses.
Rule 1: First perform all additions and subtractions, working from left to right.
Rule 2: Next perform any calculations inside parentheses.
Rule 3: Lastly, perform all multiplications and divisions, working from left to right.
Correct answer question14
In general terms, the consistency or dependability of a measurement technique is known as…?
Generalizability
Validity
Correct Answer Reliability
Trustworthiness
Incorrect answer question15
An idiographic method of research focuses upon…?
A specific problem
A particular group
A particular contextual setting
Correct Answer An individual
Correct answer question16
In conducting multiple regression analyses (MRAs), a major technical concern involves any high correlation of predictor (regressor) variables included in the model. The term for this is…?
Redundant predictors
Correct Answer Multicollinearity
Correlative dysfunction
Close “knit” IVs
Correct answer question17
would be correctly expressed as…?
Correct Answer 3, 9
5, 15
5, 6
11, 12
Correct answer question18
Anything that can be identified as varying in assigned value can be a …?
Hypothesis
Constant
Perspective
Correct Answer Variable
Correct answer question19
In a distribution of data conforming to the characteristics of a Normal Curve, the percentage of cases between Plus One and Minus One Standard Deviation from the Mean would be…?
84%
Correct Answer 68%
99.30%
95%
Incorrect answer question20
A means of determining the agreement among judges or raters when a given set of these are assessing or evaluating a particular defined and observed phenomenon (e.g., performance of participants on a given behavioral task).
Test-Retest Reliability
Split-half reliability
Correct Answer Interrater Reliability
Judge/Rater Validity of Circumstance (J/R VC)
Correct answer question21
Nonparametric procedures for quantitative analyses tend to be…?
Equally powerful in detecting significant differences than parametric procedures
More dependent on the shape of distributions than parametric procedures
Correct Answer Less powerful in detecting significant differences than parametric procedures
More powerful in detecting significant differences than parametric procedures
Correct answer question22
What qualitative design involves the exploration of an issue through one or more cases within a bounded system (i.e., a defined setting and context)?
Narrative
Ethnography
Grounded Theory
Correct Answer Case study
Phenomenology
Incorrect answer question23
Feminism, ethnocentricism, Marxism, and cultural studies have all emerged from what epistemology and ontology?
Correct Answer Material-realist ontology and subjectivist epistemology
Relativist ontology and objective epistemology
Relativist ontology and subjectivist epistemology
Material-realist ontology and objective epistemology
Correct answer question24
Within qualitative research the primary instrument for data collection is typically…?
A tape recorder
A model
A survey
Correct Answer The researcher
Incorrect answer question25
Which of the following is NOT a common form of data in qualitative research?
Interview transcripts
Correct Answer Descriptive statistics
Word counts
Observational field notes
Correct answer question26
A single group pretest – posttest research design cannot infer causality of relationship because…?
Correct Answer There are no means of eliminating alternative explanations for the observed changes in contrast to a treatment effect because there is no random assignments to treatment and control groups
There are too few groups to conduct an Analysis of Variance
Correlation does not equal causation
Too few subjects are involved in the research process under this design
Correct answer question27
A procedure for interpreting where a “true score” in a distribution falls on a basis of probability within a defined range is known as…?
Correct Answer Confidence intervals
Probabilistic projection
Maximum likelihood
Reliability bands
Incorrect answer question28
Nominal is to Category as Ordinal is to…?
Association
Breadth
Correct Answer Rank
Range
Incorrect answer question29
In “Regression Analysis” the Multiple R Squared “R2” may be interpreted as…?
The standard deviation of the dependent variable
The correlation between the predictor variables
The “F ratio” associated with the difference between means
Correct Answer The percentage of variance explained in the response variable by knowing the values of the combined predictor variables
Correct answer question30
A procedure in regression analysis where Predictor or Independent Variables are coded as 1 or 0 (representing categories) and can be used to produce ANOVA Tables under the General Linear Model is known as…?
Correct Answer Dummy coding
Mixed coding
Bi-variate coding
Survival coding
Incorrect answer question31
What qualitative design seeks to describe the meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a concept or a phenomenon?
Case study
Grounded Theory
Ethnography
Narrative
Correct Answer Phenomenology
Correct answer question32
One reason given for Mixed Method Research is to bring richness and detail to the study exploring specific features of each method. This purpose is referred to as…?
Triangulation
Development
Correct Answer Expansion
Complementarity
Correct answer question33
To approximate a normal distribution of scores and support parametric forms of quantitative analysis, variables must be measurable at the __________ level or above.
Concrete
Categorical
Ordinal
Correct Answer Interval
Correct answer question34
Which social science is not researchable using qualitative methods?
Correct Answer They are all researchable using qualitative methods
Education
Sociology
Philosophy
Anthropology
Psychology
Correct answer question35
A quantitative analysis method which aggregates a number of (similar) individual studies into a large data set from which to compute an overall “effect size” (based on similar study procedures and treatments) is commonly known as…?
Principal components analysis
Survival analysis
Correct Answer Meta-Analysis
Confirmatory factor analysis
Correct answer question36
Under conditions where a large sample is used in experimental research, and “power” of a statistical test is maximized, it is possible to have statistically significant results, yet a fairly small…?
Correct Answer Effect size
Set of assumptions
Ethical concern
Standard Deviation
Correct answer question37
A well known non-parametric analysis procedure for working with nominal levels of measurement where only frequencies (counts) and reflected in the formula …?
Chronbach’s Alpha
Correct Answer Chi Square
Spearman’s Rho
Pearson r
Incorrect answer question38
What particular measure of correlation would be most appropriate for use with two variables measured at an ordinal level?
Chi Square
Contingency Coefficient
Pearson’s r
Correct Answer Spearman’s Rho
Correct answer question39
A __________ establishes a quantitative means to measure a defined construct by using assigned values as a basis to quantify observations and participant responses.
Protocol
Algorithm
Non-biased procedure
Correct Answer Scale
Correct answer question40
The issue of “generalizability” is an aspect of…?
Correct Answer External validity
Field experience
Internal validity
Research realism
Incorrect answer question41
In a qualitative study, which of the following is mostly likely to appear as an outcome of the study?
Pie graph
Plot and scatter graph
Scientific report
Correct Answer Narrative or essay
Correct answer question42
Which of the following is NOT a legitimate perspective for an observer collecting qualitative data?
Correct Answer They are all legitimate perspectives
Participant observer
Complete observer
Complete participant
Observer as participant
Correct answer question43
If , then 5 to the third power (i.e., 53) would equal…?
Correct Answer 125
225
150
50
Correct answer question44
An ethical necessity in conducting research with human subjects is to obtain…?
Applicable evidence that the study was not harmful
An indemnification from litigation
Correct Answer Informed consent from participants
Access to sufficient data to complete the study
Correct answer question45
(Solve for X)
12
Correct Answer 21
31
17
Correct answer question46
To make meaningful causal inferences when conducting quantitative analyses, one must employ…?
Parametric methods of analysis robust in relationship to violation of basic assumptions
Dummy coding when using regression models
Correct Answer Random assignment of participants to treatment and control conditions
T-Tests and Analysis of Variance methods
Incorrect answer question47
From a positivist/post-positivist paradigm, what criteria are used to judge the rigor of a research study?
Confirmability
Credibility
Correct Answer Research Reliability and validity
Trustworthiness
Transferability
Correct answer question48
The circumstance of a particular construct being measured by two different sets of items held to be equivalent in representing the construct, is known as…?
Personal bias
Correct Answer Alternate Forms Reliability
Predictive Validity
Generalizability
Correct answer question49
A “Set” within quantitative theory represents…?
Correct Answer Any collection M into a whole of definite, distinct objects m (which are called the "elements" of M) of our perception [Anschauung] or of our thought
Elements of a defined characteristic
Any collection of M into a whole that is representative overall of the nature of the target being observed
An infinite ordered array of objects
Incorrect answer question50
The calculation of Chronbach’s “Coefficient Alpha” would observe lower results when the content of the instrument is more…?
Operationally defined
Correct Answer Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Externally Valid
Correct answer question51
Positivist and Post-Positivist perspectives on research adhere to the perspective of Philosopher of Science Karl Popper, who held that all stated research hypotheses must be…?
Stated in a manner that excludes the self as a means of reducing bias
Simply stated to avoid misinterpretation
Correct Answer Falsifiable based upon empirical evidence obtained through scientific procedures
Self-contained in relationship to the complexity of the study
Incorrect answer question52
Which unit of analysis does not align to qualitative inquiry:
Studying the shared culture of a group
Studying one or more individuals
Correct Answer Studying the effects of drug delivered to one group and not another
Studying the shared experience of several individuals
Incorrect answer question53
The number of scores that are free to vary when estimating a population parameter from a sample is known as…?
Correct Answer Degrees of Freedom
Essential Components Analysis (ECA)
Dichotomous Variables
Degrees of Evidence
Correct answer question54
A Cross-sectional method studies an issue of interest at…?
Several points in time
Correct Answer A single point in time
Over a duration of time
Continuously
Correct answer question55
A quantitative design that involves multiple independent variables and combines all levels of the independent variables with all other levels is know as…?
ANOVA
Correct Answer Factorial Designs
Covariate Design
Split design
Incorrect answer question56
Given the Variable X measured at a Nominal Level, what descriptive statistical indice would you give if asked to provide the most representative value of the set?
Median
Correct Answer Modal frequency
Mean
Range
Correct answer question57
This type of research leads toward researchers choosing between alternatives and making value-laden judgments of meanings, in an effort to challenge research, policy, and other forms of human activity:
Correct Answer Critical studies
Phenomenology
Grounded theory
Case study
Correct answer question58
x^2 + 7 = 23 (Solve for X)
5
3
Correct Answer 4
16
Correct answer question59
A Nomethetic approach to research focuses upon the study of…?
Individuals
Children
Correct Answer Groups
Non-Methetics
Incorrect answer question60
Where “R” = Random Assignment Subjects to Treatment conditions; “NR” = No Random Assignment; “X” = Treatment and “O” = Observation, which of the following allows for causal inferences to be made regarding the effect of treatment?
NR O X O
NR X O
NR _ O
Correct Answer
R X O
R _ O
R X O
Correct answer question61
The extent to which measures of a construct in your instrument are related to other measures of the same construct, is known as…?
Content Validity
Correct Answer Convergent Validity
Criterion Validity
Construct Validity
Correct answer question62
The four basic “levels of measurement” are…?
Direct, Indirect, intrusive, non-intrusive
Continuous, Dichotomous, Symmetrical, Non-Symmetrical
Correct Answer Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
Category, rating, scale, numerical
Correct answer question63
The extent to which a measurement strategy actually measures a definable theoretical construct or trait is known as:
Internal Validity
Correct Answer Construct Validity
External consistency
Criterion Validity
Incorrect answer question64
Time to event analyses involve the analysis of time differences from onset to termination event for cases included in a study and exposed to different conditions or treatments. The common name for this analysis is…?
Confirmatory factor analysis
Meta Analysis
Correct Answer Survival analysis
Principal components analysis
Correct answer question65
Independent trials in relationship to probability theory means that…?
Each outcome has an independent relationship to the whole
Correct Answer The outcome of each trial is totally independent from each other trial conducted
Influences of trials on the outcome are subtle overall
The outcome of each trial is dependent upon the previous but not the following
Correct answer question66
A form of validity that may be measured by being uncorrelated with measures focused on distinctly different constructs, is known as…?
Correct Answer Discriminant Validity
Foundational Validity
Concurrent Validity
Face Validity
Correct answer question67
Independent Variable is to CAUSE as Dependent Variable is to…?
Response
Predictor
Perception
Correct Answer Effect
Incorrect answer question68
Which of the following analysis methods cannot be applied to experimental research?
Regression analysis
T-tests
Correct Answer None of the above
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Incorrect answer question69
A major characteristic of quantitative measurement instruments that greatly influences how we evaluate internal consistency of the instrument is…?
Content inclusions beyond elemental concepts
Correct Answer Content heterogeneity versus homogeneity
Content criterion
Content volume
Correct answer question70
A “Nominal Scale” can only be used to…?
Correct Answer Place things into descriptive categories
Put things in a particular order
Making things appear to be above or below zero
Establish a particular “Most” to “Least” order of relationship
Incorrect answer question71
Which approach toward data is more aligned with qualitative research?
Correct Answer Emic science that is idiographic and case-based
Etic science that is idiographic and case-based
Etic science based on probabilities and large numbers of randomly selected cases
Emic science based on probabilities and large numbers of randomly selected cases
Incorrect answer question72
Structural Equation Modeling involves subcomponent analysis characteristics of both…?
ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis procedures
Correct Answer Regression and Factor Analysis
T-Tests and Correlations
ANOVA and ANCOVA
Correct answer question73
A quantitative analytical procedure used to evaluate (test) for the difference between two or more group means, is commonly known as…?
Correct Answer Analysis of Variance
Partial Correlation
Chi Square
Regression
Correct answer question74
The primary means of data collection in an ethnography include:
Critical review of documents
Individual interviews
Focus groups
Correct Answer Observation
Correct answer question75
Qualitative research with human subjects typically involves __________ and __________ without specific forms of scaled measurement.
instruments, interests
artifacts, traces
tests, critical items
Correct Answer interviews, observations
Correct answer question76
The principle of “parsimony” in research may be reflected in measurement efforts by…?
Selecting long and complex measurement strategies to ensure full coverage
Correct Answer Selecting accurate and effective measurement strategies that are as brief as possible
Specifying intricate algorithms for data collection so phenomena complexity is preserved
Rejecting operational definitions that are too “concrete”
Correct answer question77
The more intrusive the measurement, of a physical or psychological construct in human participants is, the greater the __________ concerns.
Procedural effectiveness
Analytical
Correct Answer Ethical
Cost
Incorrect answer question78
In a 95% Confidence Interval, the true mean has what chance of falling between the Lower Limit and Upper Limits of the calculated confidence interval?
Correct Answer 95%
5%
0.05
0.9
Correct answer question79
The expressed equation of would reflect the __________ of a population.
Correct Answer The Population Standard Deviation which is the square root of the Variance
The basic representation of constancy in a set of data
The Population Variance which is the square root of the Standard Deviation
A well known inequality that estimates the error in statistical calculation
Correct answer question80
Parametric procedures of quantitative analysis make an underlying assumption that…?
Correct Answer The underlying distribution of data is approximately normal
The variables are measured at least at an ordinal level
All responses are measured in a mutually exclusive manner
Dichotomous variables have been “smoothed”
Correct answer question81
When conducting an inferential statistical analysis, and applying a conventional “critical p- value” of .05, the odds of making a Type I Error and “rejecting a true Null Hypothesis” is…?
1 in 100
1 in 30
Correct Answer 1 in 20
1 in 10
Incorrect answer question82
Most basic forms of quantitative analysis look at __________ and __________ among groups as measured on specified sets of variables.
Commonality, functionality
Inferences, explanations
Specifics, generality
Correct Answer Associations, differences
Correct answer question83
The defining characteristics of the Ratio Level of Measurement are…?
Correct Answer Equal intervals between points of that scale and a true zero
Equal intervals between points on a scale but an arbitrary zero point
Unequal intervals between points and a true zero
An arbitrary zero with specified rank ordering of scale points
Correct answer question84
Name a qualitative research design that focuses in-depth upon a single case example of the phenomena being studied that can be an individual person, an event, a group, or an institution.
Correct Answer Case study
Phenomenology
Ethnographic analysis
Narrative analysis
Correct answer question85
The “standard deviation of the sample score” divided by the “square root of the sample size” is the formula for computing the…? (i.e., )
Coefficient of Determination
Variance
Absolute Deviation
Correct Answer Standard Error
Correct answer question86
What outcome is more relevant to a qualitative researcher?
Group think
Generalizability of study results
Group mentality
Correct Answer Thick, rich description
Correct answer question87
An extreme score that sets apart in value from the general distribution of values with which it is connected is known as…?
Anomalous indicator
Champion score
Correct Answer Outlier
Incongruous data
Correct answer question88
In the context of qualitative research design, the primary instrumentation to be used is…?
A quality research matrix
Surveys
Observation protocols
Correct Answer The researcher
Correct answer question89
The logic of causal inference requires an experimental basis where two or more groups are compared on one or more variables. In simplest form, an “experiment” also requires…?
Random selection of subjects from a population
Elimination of subjects that seem resistant to treatments
Matching of subjects on key characteristics
Correct Answer Random assignment of subjects to treatment and control groups
Correct answer question90
A qualitative method where data is collected and the themes and concepts based on data analysis emerge during the study…?
Hermeneutics
Correct Answer Grounded Theory
Phenomenology
Ethnography
Correct answer question91
From a constructivist paradigm, what criteria are used to judge the rigor of a research study?
Transferability
Trustworthiness
Generalizability
Correct Answer Both A & B
Reliability and validity
Correct answer question92
A specific score in a distribution of data minus the mean and divided by the standard deviation produces a value known as a…?
Beta
Variability Score
Correct Answer Z Score
Coefficient of Determination
Correct answer question93
To be applicable to meaningful research, a “research question” must be…?
Positive in formulation
Legitimate within the scope of existing societal values toward research
Purposeful in direction of what is being asked
Correct Answer Answerable within the scope of chosen research practices, instrumentation and procedures
Incorrect answer question94
The level of measurement that has equal distance between scale points, an absolute zero and can be subject to all arithmetic operations is…?
Correct Answer Ratio
Interval
Nominal
Ordinal
Correct answer question95
Intrinsic changes in subjects that take place over time and are not related to treatment effects is known as…?
Non-treatment effects
Bias
Correct Answer Maturation
Experimental variance
Correct answer question96
Interval scales of measurement have equal distances between points, but lack…?
Internal consistency
Correct Answer Absolute zero points
External validity
Operational definitions
Correct answer question97
Decision rules in quantitative analysis are set by…?
Correct Answer Researchers
Deans
Mentors
Conventional Wisdom
Correct answer question98
A quasi-experimental research design that looks much like an experiment but lacks randomized assignment of subjects to treatment conditions is known as…?
Repeated Measure Design
Interrupted Time Series Design
Correct Answer Nonequivalent Control Group Design
Ad Hoc Design
Correct answer question99
All “Factorial ANOVAs” share the characteristic of…?
Applying corrections for multiple comparisons
Relying on post hoc procedures to reject the Null Hypothesis
Having one dependent variable
Correct Answer Having two or more independent variables
Correct answer question100
The Standard Error of Measurement is calculated by what formula?
Correct Answer
Correct answer question101
What research method describes the structures of experience (AKA meanings) as they present themselves to consciousness, without recourse to theory, deduction, or assumptions from other disciplines?
Grounded theory
Quasi-experimental
Case study
Correct Answer Phenomenology
Incorrect answer question102
Surveys, interviews and questionnaires all focus on…?
Correct Answer Self-Report Measures
Expert ratings
Observed behavior
Archival data
Correct answer question103
A study that uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to study a particular topic or area is known as…?
Factorial Design Research
Principal Components Research
Common Analytical Procedures
Correct Answer Mixed Methods Research
Correct answer question104
This is the term for referring to the entire process of research from conceptualization to reporting:
Research study
Correct Answer Research design
Research methods
Research methodology
Research sample
Incorrect answer question105
In general how many interviews should be included in a qualitative study?
At least five interviews
Correct Answer Until data saturation is reached
As many as you can conduct in the time and space available
At least 20 interviews
Correct answer question106
What qualitative design seeks to study culture by identifying and analyzing the shared patterns and behaviors within a community?
Narrative
Phenomenology
Grounded Theory
Case study
Correct Answer Ethnography
Incorrect answer question107
Which technique or approach is most likely to occur during analysis of qualitative data?
Concept mapping
Structural equation modeling
Structural analysis
Both A & B
Both B & D
Regression analysis
Correct Answer Both C & D
Correct answer question108
If someone scored two Standard Deviations above the Mean on a standardized test where the Mean = 100 and the Standard Deviation = 15, then that person’s numerical score would be…?
160
90th Percentile
125
Correct Answer 130
Correct answer question109
The extent to which a particular instrument and the constituent items making up the instrument appear to measure the construct(s) being measured, is known as…?
Convergent Validity
Foundational Validity
Correct Answer Face Validity
Discriminant Validity
Correct answer question110
The condition of scores being distorted in one direction or the other (towards the ends of the distribution) within a given distribution of data is known as…?
Discontinuity
Kurtosis
Asynchronous
Correct Answer Skewness
Correct answer question111
What qualitative design seeks to move beyond detail and description to generate or discover a theory?
Narrative
Correct Answer Grounded Theory
Phenomenology
Case study
Ethnography
Correct answer question112
A cross between a cross sectional design and longitudinal design is known as…?
A reversal design
Correct Answer A sequential design
Matched pairs design
A single case design
Correct answer question113
The systematic examination and interpretation of a data set, to identify patterns, biases, themes, and or meanings is:
Analytic induction
Content analysis
Correct Answer All of the above
Coding
Correct answer question114
A conservative correction method for inflated “Alpha values” based on multiple comparisons being carried out independently on a specific data set, is known as…?
Ad Hoc testing
Tukey’s honestly significant differences (HSD)
Correct Answer Bonferroni correction
Post Hoc testing
Correct answer question115
Which is not an appropriate outcome of a focus group interview:
Obtaining general or background information on a topic of interest
Correct Answer Generalizing interview results across a population
Generating research hypotheses for further investigation via quantitative approaches
Re-interpreting previously collected qualitative data and results
Correct answer question116
To make causal inferences from observed differences between groups based on varied levels of treatment, it is necessary to…?
Use T-test or ANOVA procedures to conduct the analysis
Deploy at least a quasi-experimental design
Find significant differences between groups at at-least the .05 level
Correct Answer Have random assignment of participants to treatment levels and control conditions as a basis of design, prior to conducting analyses
Correct answer question117
The more reliable a measurement instrument, the more accurately it should estimate a participant’s __________ in relationship to the construct being measured (e.g., intelligence).
Heterogeneity
Persistence
Correct Answer True Score
Resolve and Commitment
Correct answer question118
Three common and well known methods of data collection for Qualitative Research Designs are…?
Video recording, computer files, Internet
Surveys, psychometric tests, rating scales
Correct Answer Interactive interviewing, written descriptions by participants, observation
Spatial recording, artifact review, non-specific archeology
Correct answer question119
The circumstance where the Null Hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true is known as…?
Experimental incongruence
Type II Error
Correct Answer Type I Error
Mundane realism
Correct answer question120
Which of the following is NOT a realistic level of measure in doing qualitative content analysis?
Word
Concept
Utterance
Correct Answer Syllable
Correct answer question121
When a measure is compared to an outside criterion that will be measured in the future, it is known as…?
Concurrent Validity
Correct Answer Predictive Validity
Content Validity
Specific Validity
Correct answer question122
What is the relationship of the Mean, Median and Mode as Measures of Central Tendency in a true Normal Curve?
They align Mode, Median and Mean in that order
They align Mean, Median and Mode in that order
They align Median, Mode and Mean in that order
Correct Answer They are equal
Correct answer question123
The relevance of a measurement instrument or strategy to the construct one is attempting to measure is known as…?
Concurrent Validity
Predictive Validity
Internal Consistency
Correct Answer Content Validity
Correct answer question124
In ANOVA, the “error variance” is typically reflected in…?
Between group differences
Between group variance
Within group associations
Correct Answer Within group variance
Correct answer question125
The formula "" is a common expression for calculation of the…?
Standard Deviation
Correct Answer Mean
Range
Variance