Essay and multiple-choice questions. Students are advised to expand adequately to cover the personality theory principles and concepts 3 to 5  well-structured sentences are suggested - depending on the depth of essay question.

You may text or other references, please site.

http://www.psychlab.net/uploads/4/5/8/3/4583362/theories_of_personality.pdf

1. Discuss Adler's contribution to psychoanalytic theory and identify the main points of his approach, including the roles of inferiority, birth order, and other basic factors that influence personality development in Adler's view.

2. Discuss Jung's contribution to psychoanalytic theory and identify the main points of his approach, including what he meant by the collective unconscious. Give examples of the content of the collective unconscious and briefly sketch his theory of psychological types.

3. Discuss Erikson's contribution to psychoanalytic theory and identify the main points of his approach, including a definition of identity crisis and Erikson's conception of the ego.

4. Discuss Horney's contribution to psychoanalytic theory and identify the specific objections she had to Freud's original theory.

5. Explain Horney's conception of neurosis and discuss three general social interaction styles that neurotic people adopt.

6. Describe the method of personality assessment known as personal narrative. What are the steps involved in their analysis? Give one neo-Freudian theory for which personal narratives have provided support. List and explain the problems associated with this assessment technique.

Exam items #7 through #16 are multiple-choice questions.

7. Freud wrote about all of the following types of anxiety except one. Which one?

A. Reality anxiety

B. Neurotic anxiety

C. Moral anxiety

D. Performance anxiety

8. According to Freud, guilt is most closely associated with

A. reality anxiety.

B. neurotic anxiety.

C. moral anxiety.

D. performance anxiety.

9. Suppose you have a shy friend who gets anxious whenever there are popular people nearby. The anxiety is so bad that your friend cannot speak around others. Which form of anxiety is your friend most likely experiencing?

A. Reality anxiety

B. Neurotic anxiety

C. Moral anxiety

D. Superego anxiety

10. Which of the following is true about neurotic anxiety, as conceived by Freud?

A. It is experienced when id impulses are close to breaking into consciousness.

B. It prevents the ego from utilizing defense mechanisms.

C. It is created when id impulses violate society's moral code.

D. People experiencing neurotic anxiety usually are aware of what is making them anxious.

11. Research on reactions to stressful stimuli finds that people typically use coping strategies to reduce anxiety

A. when trained to do so by the experimenter.

B. when reminded to do so by the experimenter.

C. when given no instructions about coping strategies by the experimenter.

D. very rarely, unless the stimulus is extremely anxietyprovoking.

12. In contrast to the concerns of traditional psychoanalytic writers, most of the research on coping with anxiety conducted by researchers today

A. is concerned with what Freud called reality anxiety.

B. deals with unconscious efforts to reduce anxiety.

C. is limited to studying people with phobias.

D. is based on the writings of Carl Jung.

13. Researchers often organize the many kinds of coping strategies into categories. One of the most useful distinctions drawn by these researchers is between _____ and _____ strategies.

A. conscious; unconscious

B. childish; adult

C. active-role; avoidance

D. primary; secondary

14. Researchers find that avoidance coping strategies

A. with only a few exceptions tend to be less effective than active-role strategies.

B. are particularly effective with severe trauma.

C. are about as effective as emotion-focused strategies.

D. are most effective with long-term problems.

15. Sam is facing a difficult midterm exam and is feeling stressed out about it. As the exam date approaches and his anxiety increases, Sam starts thinking about ways to study more effectively. He schedules a large portion of time for active study of the material on the test so that he is prepared. In terms of coping, which of the following is Sam's strategy?

A. Avoidance strategy

B. Emotion-focused strategy

C. Problem-focused strategy

D. Repression strategy

16. Under which circumstances might an emotion-focused strategy be more effective in reducing anxiety than a problem-focused strategy?

A. When the source of the anxiety is likely to last for a long time.

B. When the person does not possess the tools to correct the situation.

C. When the anxiety level is not particularly high.

D. When the person is very emotional.

17. Discuss several ways in which the trait approach differs from other approaches to personality.

18. Give three kinds of personality traits proposed by Allport and an example of each

19. List the problems associated with self-report inventories and the logic behind assessment of social desirability.

20. How did the construct of the Type A personality develop? State specific findings regarding how Type A is related to achievement motivation.

21. What are the differences between introversion and shyness? From the research presented in the text, contrast between evaluation apprehension as a cause of social anxiety and other possible causes.

22. Define and distinguish among three aspects of emotion that can be examined like personality traits.

23. What aspects of emotion are related to health and why?

24. List and discuss one argument made by Eysenck for the biological basis of personality.

26. Explain how unpleasant and problematic human characteristics like anxiety could have evolved.

27. Discuss the rationale behind the twin-study method and adoption studies of genetic influence.

28. Give the general findings regarding the contribution of genetic influences on personality.