Complete the following calculations. Explaining each step, you used to obtain your answer. 
Refer to the handout below. Many of the formulas used in respiratory care are listed on the handout. Use the handout to perform the calculations below. Most of the formulas are also already provided for you. (Explain your work!)

       

a.    Calculate the average VT for a patient with a Ve =8.24 L/m and a RR= 16 bpm?
Use (VT = Ve/RR)

b.    Convert 175 lbs. to kilograms.
Use (1 kg. = 2.2 lb) 

c.    Given a gas mixture of 70% Helium and 30% Oxygen that is running at a flow rate of 5 lpm (liters per minute) on an oxygen flow meter. What is the actual flow rate of this gas mixture? Use (Actual flow = Heliox factor x flow rate) The heliox factor for a 70% He/30% O2 mixture is 1.6 and the heliox factor for an 80% He/20% O2 mixture is 1.8) 

d.    Calculate actual flow rate of an 80% He/20% O2 gas mixture running at 5 Lpm on an oxygen flow meter?
(Actual flow = Heliox factor x flow rate) The heliox factor for a 70% He/30% O2 mixture is 1.6 and the heliox factor for an 80% He/20% O2 mixture is 1.8) 

e.    Calculate the cardiac output for a patient that has a heart rate of 90 beats/min and a stroke volume of 50 ml. Express answer in Lpm 
(Cardiac output or QT = HR x SV (ml)) 

f.    Given PaCO2= 30 mm Hg and PECO2= 21 mmHg What is the Vd/VT ratio. Hint: Answer must be expressed in percent
(Vd/VT = (PaCO2 – PECO2)/PaCO2) 

g.    Given PaCO2= 35 mmHg and PECO2= 20 mmHg PaO2= 80mmHg PH 7.45 What is the Vd/VT ratio? Hint: Answer must be expressed in percent.

h.    A patient has a recorded body temperature of 109° F. What is this temperature in degrees Celsius?
(to convert from ºF to ◦C ,use (◦F - 32) /1.8)

i.    What is the minute ventilation of a patient breathing at the rate of 15 bpm, who weighs 75Kg and has a VT of 500 ml? Express your answer in both ml/min and liters/min
(minute ventilation or Ve = f (breaths per min) x VT (tidal volume in ml) 

j.    Hospital (A) has a total of 18 registered respiratory therapist (RRT) and 12 certified respiratory therapist (CRT). Hospital (B) has 12 registered respiratory therapist (RRT) and 6 certified respiratory therapist (CRT).
What is the ratio of RRT’s to CRT’s in Hospital A compared to Hospital B?