1.      what is total time learning theory?

2.      why does total time learning theory contradict the idea that there can be more or less effective learning methods?

3.      you complete a summer session in 4 weeks but a fall semester in 4 months although the total class meeting time is the same. In which semester system do you complete the training more slowly? In which system, is the learning more effective and why?

4.      how do you determine the best length of retention interval (to max the effect of long term retention), say, between self-tests?

5.      what is verbal mediation or verbal self-instruction? at what stage of learning do people rely on this heavily?

6.      When using a multiple choice test, should you let people guess when they do not know the correct answers? How can you prevent them from remembering their wrong answers instead of the correct answers?

7.      What is the errorless learning? When do you use it?

8.      what is found about the relative importance of repeated testing and studying?

9.      how does multiple choices compare with short answer test in creating LTM retention for the materials learned?

10.  how does motivation for learning affect learning?

11.  What is latent inhibition, extinction, backward condition, spontaneous recovery? Is backward conditioning effective?

12.  What memory attribute does spontaneous recovery suggest?

13.  what is the mere exposure effect?

14.  how did Masters make subjects learn putting in an implicit way?

15.  what is perceptual priming? Conceptual priming? Associative (semantic) priming? Repetition priming? are they explicit or implicit memory?

16.  Is explicit or implicit memory more vulnerable to disease and injury?

17.   what is change blindness?

18.  Is mere repetition of exposure to a stimulus guarantee learning? Example?

19.  what is spreading activation theory?

20.  some classical conditioning involves implicit memory. give some examples

21.   What are some of the differences between explicit and implicit memories?

22.  How does aging affect the above two types of memory differently?

23.  How does the explicit learning approach compare with the immersion method in second language learning?

24.  what is the best way to learn a second language for an adult?

25.   what did research find about unconscious learning? learning in sleep? under anesthesia?

26.  what are the commonly used indirect tests for implicit memory?

27.  what kinds of learning depend heavily on implicit memory?

28.  what is the purpose of the “teach back method”? what did it find?

29.  What is the relation between the complexity of the materials and explicit/implicit learning mode?

30.  What is a dissociation in memory? Explain and give some examples. What is a double dissociation?

31.  what does artificial grammar learning study demonstrate?

32.  how does a serial reaction task demonstrate implicit learning?

33.  what does Masters’ mean by “choking”?

34.  what is the evidence that the passing of time can actually strengthen memory instead of weakening it?

35.  what is memory consolidation? What can disrupt it?

36.  What is LTP? Neurologically what does it mean?

37.  What does Morris Water Maze study find?

38.  what role does hippocampus and amygdale play in memory?

39.  What brain areas are associated with explicit memory or learning?

40.  Which areas of the brain are involved in a conscious recollection of some events?