Hello, I need assistance with the below Health Psychology PSY150 Unit 1-4 questions.  Please leave any "guesses" blank...

Unit 1

 

1) The hemorrhagic plague killed over 25 million people within 2 years. This plague has also been referred to as:

 

a. Spanish Flu.

 

b. Black Death.

 

c. Typhus.

 

d. Cholera.

 

 

2) One of the primary means in which diseases were transmitted during the Renaissance period was through:

 

a. farming.

 

b. religious rituals.

 

c. maritime voyages.

 

d. psychiatric institutions.

 

 

3) ______________ is the study of the origins and spread of disease.

 

a. Ecology

 

b. Botany

 

c. Ethnopharmacology

 

d. Epidemiology

 

 

4) Spirituality has been linked to a reduction in:

 

a. stress.

 

b. physiological illness.

 

c. health-enhancing behaviors.

 

d. All of the above.

 

 

5) Which of the following would NOT be considered a “health-enhancing behavior”?

 

a. Getting enough sleep each night

 

b. Working in places where there is secondhand smoke

 

c. Walking to school each day

 

d. Taking a daily multivitamin

 

 

6) Roberto has been diagnosed with cancer. Despite this recent news, he is determined to live life to its fullest. Roberto has a ____________ quality-of-life.

 

a. low

 

b. moderate

 

c. high

 

d. weak

 

 

7) How many determinants are involved in the ecological model of health?

 

a. 4

 

b. 5

 

c. 6

 

d. 7

 

 

8) “Do you exercise on a daily basis?” is an example of a(n) _____________ question.

 

a. open-ended

 

b. closed-ended

 

c. unstructured

 

d. in-depth

 

 

9) ______________ questions allow respondents to construct and deliver their own answers without regard to the length of their response.

 

a. Open-ended

 

b. Closed-ended

 

c. Structured

 

d. Simplified

 

 

10) ______________ is used to determine whether or not a relationship exists between two or more variables.

 

a. Case study research

 

b. Experimental research

 

c. Qualitative research

 

d. Correlational research

 

 

11) A relationship between two variables is called a(n):

 

a. case study.

 

b. correlation.

 

c. focus group.

 

d. experiment.

 

 

 

12) A correlation coefficient of 0.00 would indicate:

 

a. a positive correlation.

 

b. a negative correlation.

 

c. no correlation.

 

d. a strong correlation.

 

 

13) Christy wants to explore whether a cause-and-effect relationship exists between two variables, therefore she would want to design a(n):

 

a. experimental research study.

 

b. correlational study.

 

c. case study.

 

d. focus group study.

 

 

14) Latasha’s psychologist diagnosed her with depression, which is considered a(n)

 

_____________ disease.

 

a. short-term

 

b. chronic

 

c. untreatable

 

d. cardiovascular

 

 

15) Variables that do not directly cause a health problem but may exacerbate it are called:

 

a. confounding factors.

 

b. adverse effects.

 

c. principal factors.

 

d. morbidity factors.

 

 

16) Which hormone is related to the development of diabetes?

 

a. Growth

 

b. Thyroxin

 

c. Insulin

 

d. All of the above.

 

 

17) The greatest contributor to the development of Type 2 diabetes is:

 

a. genetics.

 

b. the failure of the body to produce insulin.

 

c. unhealthy diets.

 

d. lack of exercise.

 

 

 

18) Lamar has the most common type of diabetes in the world. Which type of diabetes does he have?

 

a. Type 1

 

b. Type 2

 

c. Type 3

 

d. Type 4

 

 

19) Providing ______________ is an example of how the Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies provide assistance.

 

a. Temporary shelters

 

b. Meals

 

c. Temporary health care

 

d. All of the above.

 

 

20) The _______________ states that an individual’s behavior is determined by their intentions.

 

a. Expectancy Value Theory (EVT)

 

b. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)

 

c. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

 

d. Theory of Learned Behaviors (TLB)

 

 

21) Behaviors that are under a person’s control are called:

 

a. vicarious acts.

 

b. inferred behaviors.

 

c. volitional acts.

 

d. nonvolitional acts.

 

 

22) Which of the following is an example of a “preventative health service”?

 

a. Well-care medical visits

 

b. Seeking dental care for a toothache

 

c. Making an appointment with the physician to determine the cause of a long-term respiratory problem

d. None of the above.

 

 

23) According to the _______________, one’s “subjective frame of reference” is an essential component to understanding health behaviors.

 

a. Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)

 

b. Expectancy Value Theory (EVT)

 

c. Health Belief Model (HBM)

 

d. Theory of Planned Behaviors (TPB)

 

24) Which of the following may be considered a barrier to performing a health behavior?

 

a. Money

 

b. Stigma

 

c. Loss of social standing

 

d. All of the above.

 

 

25) The Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral Change (TTM) is a ______________ model.

 

a. sociological

 

b. stage

 

c. systemic

 

d. varied

 

Unit 2

 

1) Stimulant drugs _____________ the central nervous system.

 

a. relax

 

b. depress

 

c. excite

 

d. do not affect

 

 

2) Marijuana contains _____________ more carcinogens than cigarettes.

 

a. 20–30%

 

b. 40–60%

 

c. 50–70%

 

d. 60–80%

 

 

3) Complications of methamphetamine use include:

 

a. Hyperthermia.

 

b. Permanent memory loss.

 

c. Increased heart rate.

 

d. All of the above.

 

 

4) Cold remedies, such as Sudafed and Contac, are used to manufacture:

 

a. Ecstasy.

 

b. Cocaine.

 

c. Methamphetamines.

 

d. Opiates.

 

 

5) Research studies conclude that adolescents most likely to engage in early sexual behaviors are:

 

a. the most well-informed about safer sexual practices.

 

b. the least well-informed about safer sexual practices.

 

c. the most likely to be from supportive homes.

 

d. the most likely to understand the consequences of unprotected sexual activities.

 

 

6) _____________ is one of the more prevalent disorders in Western countries.

 

a. Anorexia

 

b. Binging disorder

 

c. Binge-eating disorder

 

d. Purging disorder

 

 

7) Vomiting, fasting or using laxatives to lose weight is called:

 

a. cleansing.

 

b. purging.

 

c. binging.

 

d. amenorrhea.

 

 

8) A longitudinal study (Caban et al., 2005) investigating the relationship between adult workers and obesity concluded that all of the following factors contributed to obesity EXCEPT:

 

a. daytime work hours.

 

b. job position.

 

c. stress.

 

d. extended work hours.

 

 

9) How does binge eating differ from bulimia?

 

a. Binge eating is more dangerous than bulimia.

 

b. Binge eating does not involve purging behaviors.

 

c. Binge eating is more likely to result in cardiac arrest.

 

d. Binge eating and bulimia are the same.

 

 

10) Which of the following theorists was one of the pioneers of the concept of positive psychology?

 

a. Adler

 

b. Bandura

 

c. Park

 

d. Seligman

 

 

11) Which of the following factors influences positive psychological states?

 

a. Religion and religious faith

 

b. Interpersonal relationships

 

c. Socioeconomic status

 

d. All of the above.

 

 

12) Polly is very optimistic. According to the definition of “optimism,” she:

 

a. believes situations and events will work out for the best.

 

b. understands that life cannot be controlled, and therefore, she must be adaptable to change.

c. focuses on negative events in her life.

 

d. is a visual learner.

 

 

 

13) _____________ is a coping strategy that keeps disappointments and expectations in check.

 

a. Defensive pessimism b. Pessimism

 

c. Optimism

 

d. Structural optimism

 

 

14) Which of the following is NOT a component of traditional medicine?

 

a. Spiritual techniques b. Chemotherapy

 

c. Mineral-based medicines

 

d. Medicines derived from plants

 

 

15) How many core beliefs comprise most traditional medicines?

 

a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

 

 

16) Using smoke from lit herbs to cleanse negative energies around a person is called:

 

a. smudging. b. PhPurging. c. Lighting. d. Balancing.

 

 

17) _____________ is a central component of curanderismo.

 

a. Spirituality b. Qi

 

c. Socioeconomic status d. Ecology

 

 

18) Hans Selye defined stress as the organism’s response to any form of:

 

a. threatening circumstance. b. noxious stimulus.

 

c. distraction.

 

d. psychological stimulus.

 

 

19) Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

 

a. Alarm stage b. Stimulus stage

 

c. Stage of resistance

d. Stage of exhaustion

 

 

 

 

 

 

20) During the ______________, the responses characterized as the fight-or-flight reaction become evident.

 

a. Shock phase

 

b. Countershock phase

 

c. Stage of exhaustion

 

d. Stimulus stage

 

 

21) A sudden and intense response to a stressful stimuli is called:

 

a. acute stress.

 

b. chronic stress.

 

c. primary stress.

 

d. unanticipated stress.

 

 

22) Prolonged and long-term stress is called:

 

a. acute stress.

 

b. chronic stress.

 

c. primary stress.

 

d. secondary stress.

 

 

23) The ______________ personality includes high levels of competitiveness, high need for achievement and hostile or aggressive tendencies.

 

a. Type A

 

b. Type B

 

c. Type 1

 

d. Type 2

 

 

24) Which type of coping style is most likely to involve substance use?

 

a. Emotion-focused

 

b. Problem-focused

 

c. Engagement

 

d. Disengagement

 

 

25) The _____________ coping style tends to be the most effective method of dealing with stressors.

 

a. problem-focused

 

b. emotion-focused

 

c. wellness

 

d. engagement

 

 

UNIT 3

1) Which region of the world is most seriously affected by HIV?

 

a. Australia and New Zealand

 

b. Asia

 

c. Sub-Saharan Africa

 

d. Europe

 

 

2) Which of the following is a possible dual infection linked to HIV?

 

a. Malaria

 

b. Cholera

 

c. Pneumonia

 

d. Karposi’s Sarcoma

 

 

3) One of the largest single contributors to the spread of HIV in Southeast Asia is:

 

a. homosexual sex.

 

b. blood transfusions.

 

c. the sex trade industry.

 

d. intravenous drug use.

 

 

4) The function of the United Nations Joint Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) is to:

 

a. promote a global agenda to address individual, community, and health policy factors that contribute to the spread of HIV.

b. create health policies for developing countries to curtail the spread of HIV.

 

c. market HIV medications.

 

d. disperse HIV medications to developing countries.

 

 

5) The ELISA test was designed to:

 

a. detect the levels of CD4 cells in the body.

 

b. identify the presence of HIV antibodies in the body.

 

c. measure the number of T helper cells in the body.

 

d. help the body produce T suppressor cells.

 

 

6) Approximately ________________ of people who are tested for HIV with the ELISA test do not return for their results.

 

a. 18%

 

b. 22%

 

c. 25%

 

d. 30%

 

7) A person being tested with the ELISA test will have to wait approximately _______________ for the results.

 

a. 1 week

 

b. 2 weeks

 

c. 3 weeks

 

d. 1 month

 

 

8) A community-based or individual medical office is called a:

 

a. healthcare facility.

 

b. primary care practice.

 

c. home health agency.

 

d. point-of-care facility.

 

 

9) The principal barrier of the rapid tests for HIV is:

 

a. the time it takes to receive the results.

 

b. the availability of the test.

 

c. the cost of the test.

 

d. the accuracy level of the test.

 

 

10) When controlled, _______________ can lessen the risk of contracting cardiovascular disease.

 

a. behavioral factors

 

b. essential personality features

 

c. primary behaviors

 

d. moderating risk factors

 

 

11) Cardiovascular disease is the ________________ leading cause of death for women nationally and globally.

 

a. 1st

 

b. 2nd

 

c. 3rd

 

d. 4th

 

 

12) _______________ is a protective factor that helps minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease (CAD) in women who are premenopausal.

 

a. Estrogen

 

b. Dopamine

 

c. Serotonin

 

d. Epidermis

 

 

13) Linda is undergoing _______________ to restore her estrogen to premenopausal levels.

 

a. strength-training sessions

 

b. hormone balancing treatments

 

c. hormone replacement therapy

 

d. mineral replacement therapy

 

 

14) Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of heart disease in men?

 

a. Tightness in the chest

 

b. Pain in the shoulder

 

c. Shortness of breath

 

d. Pain in the left arm

 

 

15) The Heart Truth uses a ______________ as a symbol for raising awareness of heart disease among women.

 

a. red ribbon

 

b. pink ribbon

 

c. red dress

 

d. red rose

 

 

16) One of the first steps to improving longevity is:

 

a. regular exercise.

 

b. moderate consumption of alcohol.

 

c. maintaining a moderate weight.

 

d. All of the above.

 

 

17) One of the problems with the early nutrition pyramid was that:

 

a. many people did not understand what was meant by a “serving.”

 

b. the pyramid was difficult to remember.

 

c. most people were unaware that the pyramid existed.

 

d. All of the above.

 

 

18) Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is more prevalent in:

 

a. males.

 

b. females.

 

c. children.

 

d. elderly females.

 

 

19) Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a(n) ______________ disease.

 

a. curable

 

b. non-inflammatory c. acute

 

d. degenerative joint

 

 

20) Which of the following is a cause of osteoarthritis (OA)?

 

a. Genetic abnormalities b. Developmental defects c. Obesity

 

d. All of the above.

 

 

21) Osteoarthritis (OA) most commonly affects:

 

a. the smaller joints. b. the larger joints.

 

c. multiple joints simultaneously. d. the ligaments near the bones.

 

 

22) Gout is caused by:

 

a. inflammation in the neck and spinal cord. b. fusion of the spinal cord.

 

c. crystal deposits in joints and tissues. d. specific genetic markers.

 

 

23) Gout is most commonly diagnosed in:

 

a. early childhood.

 

b. ]adolescent females. c. adolescence.

 

d. the elderly.

 

 

24) Behavioral observations of pain may be obtained:

 

a. in a psychotherapist’s office.

 

b. through the Brief Pain Inventory.

 

c. during the execution of daily activities by relatives, friends, or caregivers. d. by administering the McGill Pain Questionnaire.

 

 

25) Scott and Huskisson helped popularize ______________ to rate pain severity.

 

a. visual analogue measures b. behavioral observations c. verbal questionnaires

d. written questionnaires

 

 

UNIT 4

1) The study by Muscat et al. (2000) showed an increase in cerebral tumors:

 

a. for those who used cell phones over 40 hours per week.

 

b. on the same side of the head used for cell phones.

 

c. in males only.

 

d. in females only.

 

 

2) Symptoms that are self-identified or self-reported are called:

 

a. self-labeled symptoms.

 

b. verified symptoms.

 

c. subjective symptoms.

 

d. objective symptoms.

 

 

3) The leading cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. is:

 

a. exposure to asbestos.

 

b. cigarette smoking.

 

c. obesity.

 

d. excessive consumption of alcohol.

 

 

4) In the U.S. and other developed countries, approximately 60–70% of colorectal cancers are attributable to:

 

a. smoking.

 

b. obesity.

 

c. lack of exercise.

 

d. diet.

 

 

5) The same nutrition guidelines that minimize the risk of ______________ also minimize the risks of developing colon cancers.

 

a. heart disease

 

b. lung cancer

 

c. obesity

 

d. stroke

 

 

6) Breast self-examinations were designed to be performed:

 

a. daily.

 

b. monthly.

 

c. every 6 weeks.

 

d. yearly.

 

 

7) A(n) _____________ is a medical surgery to remove breasts infected with malignant tumors.

 

a. appendectomy

 

b. mastectomy

 

c. mammogram

 

d. lymphocyte

 

 

8) One of the drawbacks of chemotherapy is that it:

 

a. cannot be used with children.

 

b. has a low success rate.

 

c. is generally not covered by insurance.

 

d. kills healthy white blood cells.

 

 

9) Which of the following is a possible side effect of chemotherapy?

 

a. Memory loss

 

b. Sexual dysfunction

 

c. Limitations in cognitive functioning

 

d. All of the above

 

 

10) A study conducted by Ragin et al. (2005) found that consumers preferred _____________ in part because of a perception of better medical care.

 

a. the hospital

 

b. the emergency department

 

c. government-funded care

 

d. the single-payer system

 

 

11) One role of a health psychologist is to assist health care providers in developing interpersonal skills to help improve:

 

a. consumer-based care.

 

b. consumer perception of quality care.

 

c. consumer-provider communication.

 

d. provider communication trainings.

 

 

12) Studies indicate that women tend to prefer physicians who:

 

a. listen attentively.

 

b. offer advice and support.

 

c. demonstrate understanding.

 

d. All of the above

 

 

13) Studies show that psychological and emotional support is essential for:

 

a. establishing trust in one’s provider.

 

b. choosing a health care provider.

 

c. quality of care.

 

d. effective physician communication.

 

 

14) Patients who receive less information and support from their physician are:

 

a. typically younger adults.

 

b. generally still satisfied with the quality of their care.

 

c. more apt to seek a second opinion.

 

d. less likely to follow medical advice.

 

 

15) The _____________ is often the “face” of the health care system for the consumer.

 

a. emergency department

 

b. physician

 

c. managed care network

 

d. receptionist

 

 

16) According to the Institute of Medicine’s (2002) report, which of the following statements is TRUE in reference to the unequal treatment of minorities by health professionals?

 

a. Most studies indicate that minorities are not treated differently than the rest of the population.

b. Many Native Americans have a deep-seated mistrust of the medical practice due to the Tuskegee Experiments.

c. Unequal treatment is a psychological factor that cannot be overlooked when addressing the health needs of African American consumers.

d. All of the above.

 

 

17) _____________ describes a health care provider’s use of medical terminology when speaking with consumers.

 

a. Medspeak

 

b. Medcomm

 

c. Medical talk

 

d. Medical articulation

 

 

18) DeVoe’s (2009) hypothetical scenario of access to education being regulated in the same manner as access to health care illustrates:

 

a. the problems with access to health care in the U.S.

 

b. the difficulties some encounter when enrolling their children into the public school system.

c. the financial constraints linked to multi-payer health care systems.

 

d. All of the above.

 

19) The ban on _____________ is an example of a health policy regulation initiated to reduce the incidences of smoking and its health compromises for individuals.

 

a. smoking on U.S. domestic air flights

 

b. smoking in front of children

 

c. using cartoon characters, such as Joe Camel, to sell cigarettes

 

d. the selling cigarettes to minors

 

 

20) Herbert Heinrich introduced the concept of:

 

a. community safety.

 

b. educational safety.

 

c. behavioral safety.

 

d. hospital safety.

 

 

21) Studies on workplace safety have determined that workplace hazards are generally caused by:

 

a. too many governmental regulations.

 

b. the management team.

 

c. the worker.

 

d. the environment and poor safety guidelines.

 

 

22) ______________ demonstrated that psychologists could contribute to efforts to improve employees’ safe behavior in the workplace.

 

a. Freud

 

b. Bandura

 

c. Skinner

 

d. Seligman

 

 

23) ______________ is a process by which individuals and animals learn to perform a specific behavior by the gradual shaping of their behavior.

 

a. Operant conditioning

 

b. Classical conditioning

 

c. Reinforcement conditioning

 

d. Punishment

 

 

24) Industrial/organizational (I/O) behavior is a new discipline in psychology developed to identify and test strategies that:

 

a. educate employees on workplace hazards.

 

b. motivate employees to adopt and maintain desired work-related behaviors.

 

c. include employee input in order to make the workplace environment safer.

 

d. ensure employees follow hazard prevention protocols.

 

 

25) The U.S. Office of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is responsible for:

 

a. ensuring all full-time employees receive health care.

 

b. identifying potential and specific job hazards.

 

c. assessing worker compliance with health policies.

 

d. conducting surveys on workplace satisfaction.