1. Bone marrow is a soft, spongy, connective tissue found inside bones. Bone marrow contains stem cells, which can generate new blood cells and, therefore, can treat many diseases of the blood. In the past, extracting bone marrow from a donor required anesthesia and a long, large needle. The process often discouraged people from signing up to be donors. A process called apheresis has made the process much less painful and invasive. In apheresis, the donor's blood passes through a sterile line into the machine. Once the blood is inside the machine, the bone marrow stem cells are extracted, and the remaining blood is returned to the donor. Donors typically only experience minor discomfort from the needles used and the loss of electrolytes.

Describe how you think this advance in biotechnology will affect individuals and society. Be sure to include any potential medical or ethical issues that could arise from this new practice.

 

2. Describe how our skin darkens in the presence of sun. In your description, be sure to name the pigment that darkens our skin and describe how skin darkening protects our DNA from damage.

 

3.

Which cell type below can specialize into any other type of cell in the body?

 A smooth muscle cell

A nervous cell

A bone cell

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