QUESTION 50

1. Treatment variable is another name for

   independent variable.

   dependent variable.

   extraneous variable.

   mediating variable.

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 51

1. Laura was conducting a study on two treatment interventions to increase patriotism. During her study, the terrorist attacks on the Pentagon occurred. This is an example of which of the following validity threats?

   Statistical regression

   Instrumentation

   History

   Testing

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 52

1. Anne's study compared pre-post differences in pre-kindergarten children's strategies for alternatives to violent displays when frustrated by others. She found that there were differences between pre- and post-testing. With which validity threat should Anne be most concerned?

   Differential selection

   Statistical regression

   Maturity

   Instrumentation

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 53

1. In Katia's remedial mathematics study, she collected pretest data from a group of participants. She divided the participants into three groups. One group received no treatment, one group received instruction by a teacher-delivered intervention, one group received peer-tutoring on the same problems. After the intervention she tested their math skills. With which validity threat should Katia be most concerned?

   Maturation

   Testing

   Instrumentation

   Mortality

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 54

1. Max's study compared the differences in teachers' attitudes about inclusion before and after a Saturday in-service training. He assessed their post-intervention attitudes with a self-report questionnaire. With which of the following threats to validity should Max be particularly concerned?

   Instrumentation

   Mortality

   Selection

   History

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 55

1. Russell's study compared GPA of students who volunteered for academic study skills training and those who did not elect to take the training. He found that those who had the training also had higher GPA. With which validity threat should Russell be most concerned?

   Maturation

   Instrumentation

   History

   Selection

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 56

1. Shelly's study compared the effects of two different types of phonemic instruction on young children who volunteered to participate in the study. She gave each participant who completed the study two pencils and three stickers. These incentives are likely a strategy to decrease the threat of

   history

   instrumentation

   differential selection

   mortality

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QUESTION 57

1. Nadine conducted a pretest-posttest control group design. The comparison group received a traditional lecture of course content while the treatment group received the lecture and instructor-provided summary notes. She found, however, no differences between conditions, due in part to students sharing the instructor summaries across conditions. This is an example of

   compensatory rivalry.

   treatment diffusion.

   placebo effect.

   experimenter bias.

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 58

1. In a recent study of young children's reading skills, Gregg and Steve both collected data. Gregg did not push the children and his scores are systematically lower than are Steve's. This example illustrates

   compensatory rivalry.

   placebo effect.

   treatment diffusion.

   experimenter effects.

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 59

1. Given a choice of the following research designs, which design controls the most threats to internal validity?

   One-shot case study

   One group pretest-posttest

   Static group comparison

   Pretest-posttest control group

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 60

1. One drawback of the Solomon four-group design is

   lack of control for threats to internal validity.

   the large number of participants needed.

   systematic desensitization.

   increased experimenter effects.

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QUESTION 61

1. A factorial design includes

   one manipulated independent variable.

   more than one manipulated independent variable.

   two or more independent variables, one of which is manipulated.

   multiple dependent variables.

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 62

1. Scenario: Jack wants to test if runners on his cross-country team improve with his new training regimen. He takes their times at the beginning of the season and again at the end of the season.

   
   Question: Which of the following designs is Jack best illustrating?

   One-shot case study

   One-group pretest-posttest design

   Pretest-posttest control group design

   Time series design

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 63

1. Scenario: Jack wants to test if runners on his cross-country team improve with his new training regimen. He takes their times at the beginning of the season and again at the end of the season.

   
   Question: Runners in Jack's study who improved their times due to running generally and not necessarily due to the new regimen is an example of which of the following threats?

   Selection

   Maturation

   History

   Instrumentation

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 64

1. Jorge studies the effects of mnemonic training on learning vocabulary. He randomly assigns one group to a no-treatment control and he gives mnemonic training to the other group. He assesses them at the end of the study and compares how many words they know. Which of the following designs is Jorge best illustrating?

   Pretest-Posttest control group design

   Nonequivalent group control group design

   Posttest-only control group design

   Time series design

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 65

1. Nora is interested in differences in amount of content retained from a lecture based on time of class. She compares her two sessions - one that meets at 8 am and one that meets at 2 pm - by testing them, unannounced, on content that she taught two weeks ago. Which of the following designs is Nora best illustrating?

   One-shot case study

   One group pretest-posttest design

   Posttest-only control group design

   Static group comparison

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 66

1. Kari wants to make sure that all students in her study get both of the treatments she is testing. To assure all subjects get both interventions, which of the following designs should Kari consider?

   Within-subjects design

   Solomon Four-Way Group design

   Counterbalanced design

   Nonequivalent groups control group design

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 67

1. A study that addressed the effects of gender and type of practice (massed, distributed, massed and distributed) would be symbolized as

   2 x 2 factorial design

   3 x 2 factorial design

   4 x 2 factorial design

   Solomon four-group design

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QUESTION 68

1. Ingrid works as a teacher in a small private school that does not have a food service program. She sees what kids bring to school and is very worried that families are not supporting their children's nutritional needs enough. This year she decides to conduct a study to see if sending home literature and homework that parents must do with their children makes a difference in their application of appropriate selections in children's lunches at the end of the year. Which of the following designs best represents Ingrid's research design plan?

   One-shot case study

   Static group comparison

   Pretest-posttest control group

   Solomon four-group design

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 69

1. Francis wants to present the average mathematics score attained by the participants in her study. She needs to report a measure of

   dispersion index.

   variability.

   central tendency.

   relative position.

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QUESTION 70

1. A small deviation indicates that

   there are a small number of data points.

   the median score is relatively small.

   the variance in scores is small.

   there are a number of missing data points.

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QUESTION 71

1. A standard score is a measure of

   variability.

   central tendency.

   relative position.

   correlation.

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QUESTION 72

1. The z score is an example of

   standard score.

   correlation measure.

   variability.

   measure of central tendency.

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 73

1. Scenario: Given the following scores on a midterm exam - 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80, 76, 78, 94, 94, 90, 84, 86, 88, 87, 92, 96, 74, 93 - find the best answer to this question:

   
   Calculate the mean of the scores.

   83

   86

   90

   92

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 74

1. Scenario: Given the following scores on a midterm exam - 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80, 76, 78, 94, 94, 90, 84, 86, 88, 87, 92, 96, 74, 93 - find the best answer to this question:

   
   Calculate the standard deviation of the scores.

   4.6

   6.8

   8.7

   9.4

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 75

1. Scenario: Given the following scores on a midterm exam - 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80, 76, 78, 94, 94, 90, 84, 86, 88, 87, 92, 96, 74, 93 - find the best answer to this question:

   
   What is the range?

   24

   28

   32

   46

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 76

1. Scenario: Given the following scores on a midterm exam - 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80, 76, 78, 94, 94, 90, 84, 86, 88, 87, 92, 96, 74, 93 - find the best answer to this question:

   
   What is the median?

   88

   86

   84

   82

0.325 points   

 

QUESTION 77

1. Scenario: Given the following scores on a midterm exam - 72, 89, 91, 90, 100, 68, 80, 76, 78, 94, 94, 90, 84, 86, 88, 87, 92, 96, 74, 93 - find the best answer to this question:

   
   What is the mode?

   68

   76

   84

   90