Question 1

1. A therapy widely used to extinguish fears and phobias is called:
2. a.Positive transference.
3. b.Response reconditioning.
4. c.Desensitization.
5. d.Insight therapy.

 

Question 2

1. A strategy that can help reduce bad habits is:
2. a.Breaking response chains.
3. b.Reinforcing alternative responses.
4. c.Avoiding antecedent cues.
5. d.All of the above.

 

Question 3

1. Sanjay’s mother requires that Sanjay clean his room before he is allowed to go to his friend’s house. He is more likely to actually clean his room by being required to do the less-favored activity before the favored activity. The mother is making use of:
2. a.Punishment.
3. b.Generalization.
4. c.The Premack principle.
5. d.Extinction.

 

Question 4

1. In behavioral theory terms, _____________ is any event that decreases the probability that a particular response will occur.
2. a.Reinforcement.
3. b.Programmed instruction.
4. c.Punishment.
5. d.Partial reinforcement.

 

Question 5

1. It is possible for both animals and people to become superstitious when:
2. a.A series of behaviors is reinforced.
3. b.They perform a behavior that seems to produce a reinforcer, even though there is actually no connection.
4. c.Behavior is gradually shaped.
5. d.Behavior is negatively reinforced.

 

Question 6

1. In the 1960s, Albert Bandura conducted research on children and aggression using a Bobo doll where children observed adults modeling aggressive actions. Bandura’s findings were that:
2. a.There was no particular pattern to the children’s play after observing aggression.
3. b.Children tended to model the aggression they observed.
4. c.Children decreased in aggression after observing aggression because they were fearful.
5. d.None of the above.

 

Question 7

1. After taking a psychology course, Derek’s mother learned that she had inadvertently reinforced the undesirable behavior of crying for candy by buying him candy each time they went to the grocery store. She stopped allowing him to have candy each time he cried for candy at the store. At first, Derek tried harder, but his mother ignored him. Eventually, he stopped crying for it. By not rewarding the previously reinforced undesirable behavior, his mother was able to stop the behavior through:
2. a.Imitation.
3. b.Behavioral contracting.
4. c.Operant extinction.
5. d.All of the above.

 

Question 8

1. To teach a child to eat spaghetti, you would reinforce initial responses, such as holding the fork, and then increasingly closer approximations to the final response, a procedure known as:
2. a.Counter conditioning.
3. b.Secondary conditioning.
4. c.Desensitization.
5. d.Shaping.

  

Question 9

1. Liam played video games before doing his homework, which is against the rules. His parents caught him, and now he is grounded from playing video games for a week. His grounding is an example of:
2. a.Punishment.
3. b.Extinction.
4. c.Negative reinforcement.
5. d.Response chaining.

 

Question 10

1. ____________ is a way to promote self-management through tracking of activities or behaviors.
2. a.Self-recording.
3. b.Self-punishment.
4. c.Stimulus discrimination.
5. d.Stimulus generalization.

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