Cdks and cyclins

 

What type of enzyme is Cdk?

 

What does phosphorylation by Cdk do it it's "target" proteins?

 

How is activity of Cdk regulated (i.e. what do cyclins do?)

 

Know how the cycling of cyclins is essential for progress through the cell cycle

 

 

How does a cancer cell develop and metastasize?

 

What are mutations?

 

What is the role of mutations in this process?

 

 

General stages of cancer development from a single cell to a metastatic tumor

 

What is meant by the statement that "cancer is clonal?"

 

 

Relationship between loss of cell cycle control and cancer development

 

Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes

 

Which promotes cell division? Which inhibits cell division?

 

Which is likely to be dominant? Which is likely to be recessive?

 

Proto-oncogene vs. oncogen

 

 

-Growth Factors

 

How to they "signal" the cell to promote cell division?

 

Proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene?

Growth factor receptors?

What type of mutation is likely to turn growth factors or growth factor receptors into oncogenes?

 

p53

Why is it called the guardian of the genome?

 

What does it do to the cell cycle in response to DNA damage?

 

What does the cell do when p53 halts the cell cycle? (repair or kill itself)

 

What is the relationship between p53 and p21?

 

What is the function of p21 protein?

 

i.e. what does it do to the cyclin/cdk complex?

 

 

How does a single mutation in a tumor suppressor gene make members of a family more likely to develop cancer early?

 

Types of cancer therapies and what they do?

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