4  of 30

One of the primary differences between the study of society done by the people of ancient civilizations and that conducted by sociologists in the 19th century was that:

only 19th century sociologists addressed social problems.

ancient civilizations were egalitarian and did not address class differences.

only 19th century sociologists tested their theories with systematic research.

war and social conflict were a product of the industrial revolution and unknown to ancient peoples.

Question

5  of 30

Based on the studies conducted by Max Weber, which of the following scenarios is the most accurate?

Nations embracing Roman Catholicism would be the leaders of the industrial world.

The religious affiliation of a nation is irrelevant to its economic success.

Capitalism was more likely to flourish in Protestant countries.

Capitalism was the only economic system that could thrive in Christian nations.

Question

6  of 30

Which of the following phrases is least descriptive of or related to the concept of culture?

Jewelry, hairstyle, and makeup are characteristics indicative of culture.

There is one basic culture that acts as a standard to determine the appropriateness of values, norms, and behaviors.

There is nothing inherently ʺnaturalʺ about culture.

A groupʹs way of thinking is called non-material culture.

Question

7  of 30

A tendency to use our own groupʹs ways of doing things as the yardstick for judging others is called ________.

culture shock

ethnocentrism

relativist fallacy

multiculturalism

Question

8  of 30

Gestures, language, values and social norms are examples of ________.

material culture

non-material culture

cultural relativism

ethnocentrism

Question

9  of 30

The expectations, or rules of behavior, that develop out of values are referred to by sociologists as ________.

mores

folkways

laws

norms

Question

10  of 30

Mark and Sally went walking in the park. Both of them were wearing nothing on the upper half of their bodies. Mark would be violating a ________, Sally would be violating a ________.

more; folkway

more; taboo

folkway; more

folkway; taboo

Question

11  of 30

In the ʺnature v. nurtureʺ controversy, which of the following terms least applies to nurture?

social environment

heredity

socialization

parenting

Question

12  of 30

Bobʹs football coach is a very important influence in his life. Many of Bobʹs actions are attempts to win the approval of his coach. Based on Meadʹs theory on development, which concept applies most to the relationship between Bob and his coach?

Bobʹs coach serves as a generalized other to him.

Bobʹs coach is one of his significant others.

Bobʹs coach is a member of Bobʹs secondary group.

Bobʹs coach is a member of a select out-group.

Question

13  of 30

Piagetʹs stage in which children become ʺyoung philosophersʺ and are capable of abstract thinking is the ________ stage.

formal operational

psychoanalytic

looking glass self

symbolic self

Question

14  of 30

What is the single best reason why children of more affluent neighborhoods are supervised more by neighbors and other community members than children from poor neighborhoods?

There is less police presence in affluent neighborhoods.

Parents in less affluent neighborhoods care less for their children.

More affluent neighborhoods have less transition and know the children better.

There is a greater racial and ethnic mix in poor neighborhoods creating prejudice.

Question

15  of 30

The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors is called ________.

resocialization

socialization

the ʺlooking glass selfʺ

anticipatory socialization

Question

16  of 30

Jennie is studying how the Presidentʹs new economic policies are affecting employment and unemployment rates, homelessness, and the amount of money people save. In view of this, Jennie is primarily utilizing which sociological approach?

microsociology

macrosociology

qualitative analysis

triangulation

Question

17  of 30

Cordell Walker is a Texas Ranger, a husband, a father, a good friend to many, and a martial artist. Together, these titles comprise what sociologists would call Walkerʹs ________.

social roles

social class

status set

ascribed statuses

Question

18  of 30

What is the primary difference between an ascribed status and an achieved status?

Achieved statuses have roles attached to them but ascribed statuses do not.

Ascribed statuses never change while achieved statuses do.

Ascribed statuses are involuntary while achieved statuses are voluntary.

Ascribed statues can also be a master status but achieved statuses cannot.

Question

19  of 30

The domestication of plants and animals was to the first social revolution as the ________ was to the fourth social revolution.

invention of the plow

invention of the steam engine

invention of the microchip

decoding of the human genome system

Question

20  of 30

According to Durkheim, the shared consciousness that people experience as a result of performing the same or similar tasks is called ________.

mechanical solidarity

organic solidarity

gemeinschaft

gesellschaft

Question

21  of 30

Sarah works for the American Hair and Felt Corporation. This group is one of the ________ groups to which Sarah belongs.

primary

out-

secondary

reference

Question

22  of 30

Because of a sense of belonging and loyalty to our in-groups, we often tend to judge our own groupʹs traits as virtues, but see the same traits in other groups as vices. This judgment of superiority is an example of ________.

subcultural relativity

cultural objectivity

a double standard

cultural pluralism

Question

23  of 30

Upon graduating from a small midwestern high school, Joe enrolled in a large, west coast university. He observed that his classmates used different slang terms and wore clothing quite different from that worn in his old high school. Joe began to adopt the behavior patterns of the new college peers that now made up his ________.

primary group

reference group

secondary group

out-group

Question

24  of 30

Most major companies sponsor ʺdiversity trainingʺ lectures and workshops for their employees. What is the ultimate purpose of these efforts?

They stimulate an understanding of cultural differences.

They increase stereotypes and segregation of employees.

They increase company profits.

They emphasize the qualities that will lead to workersʹ success.

Question

25  of 30

Which is not characteristic of a bureaucracy:

Written rules.

A division of labor.

Impersonality.

Individual decision making.

Question

26  of 30

What conclusion can be drawn from Solomon Aschʹs experiment on group conformity?

Because of group pressure, most people are willing to say things they know are not true.

Americans are highly individualistic and reluctant to conform to group pressure.

Women are more susceptible to group pressure than men.

Younger people are more susceptible to group pressure than older adults.

Question

27  of 30

The coexistence of such values as democracy and equality alongside the values of hard work, education, and efficiency illustrate the condition of ________.

value clusters

value strain

value coexistence

value contradiction

Question

28  of 30

The research method referred to as ʺparticipant observationʺ is also called ________.

field work

survey research

secondary analysis

experimentation

Question

29  of 30

In the United States, the best example of the nonmaterial culture never catching up with the material culture is illustrated by:

the nine-month school year.

the idea of shopping on the Internet.

the replacement of small town shopping by shopping at the mall.

the introduction of multiculturalism and a persistence of prejudice in the South.

Question

30  of 30

The distance zone extending from 18 inches to four feet that is reserved for friends and acquaintances and ordinary conversations is called ________.

intimate distance

personal distance

social distance

public distance