Relate the historical development of the field to its current form
I need assistance with writing my article review for Unit IV. I attached the syllabus along with the Article for the review.
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This behavior lies just under the surface of any of us. The simplified accounts of genocide allow distance between us and the perpetrators of genocide. They are so evil we couldn't ever see ourselves doing the same thing. But if you consider the terrible pressure under which people were operating, then you automatically reassert their humanity--and that becomes alarming. You are forced to look at the situation and say "What would I have done?" Sometimes the answer is not encouraging (2) I. Introduction On 11 May 2009, Sergeant (SGT) John M. Russell of the U.S. Army shot five American Soldiers while he was undergoing treatment at a military mental stress clinic in Bagdad, Iraq. (3) In the days and months following the shootings, more information regarding SGT Russell's background surfaced. (4) He had been in the military for over twenty years, and believed that the military was "the most wonderful thing that ever happened to him." (5) He was serving his third deployment in six years without prior incident. (6) However, more than a week before the shootings, SGT Russell had expressed suicidal wishes as his colleagues became more alarmed by his behavior. (7) He had visited the mental health clinic four times before the shootings. (8) During those visits, SGT Russell stated that he had seen several doctors, who had made him angry while one particular doctor mocked him. (9) On 11 May 2013, nearly three weeks after SGT Russell pled guilty to the shootings, (10) more information about his mental conditions emerged. (11) The Army's mental health board had discovered that SGT Russell suffered from severe depression with psychotic features and post-combat stress. (12) A brain scan also showed damage to the part of his brain that affected his impulse control. (13) Other than these shootings, it appeared that SGT Russell lived a rather mundane life. So how could such a person who had been in the military for over twenty years commit such a heinous act? Did he act out on his latent sadistic impulses, or were there other environmental forces at work? The Lucifer Effect, authored by Philip Zimbardo, may provide an explanation as to how a seemingly ordinary man could commit such a crime of extraordinary moral magnitude. In The Lucifer Effect, Philip Zimbardo clearly explains at the outset that his intent is to "understand the processes of transformation at work when good or ordinary people do bad or evil things." (14) Specifically, he aims "to understand the nature of their character transformations when they are faced with powerful situational forces." (15) Zimbardo is the original creator of the Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE), which was conducted in a university campus basement back in 1971. For this experiment, paid student volunteers assumed the roles of prisoners and prison guards in an attempt to simulate a realistic prison environment for the purposes of determining the degree to which a person adapts to their new roles. (16) Zimbardo then recounts what he observed during the SPE and compares his findings with those findings uncovered during the investigation of the abuses at Abu Ghraib, Iraq, to show the extent to which situational forces could, in fact, transform ordinary human beings. Although some of the conclusions drawn from the SPE are not entirely convincing, Zimbardo does accomplish what he sets out to do in his book, which is to show that everyone of us is susceptible to the powers of situation. And unless we learn to recognize how vulnerable we really are, we could at any point find ourselves SGT Russell.
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