30. Which ethnical issue is more difficult in ethnography than in other types of research?

A. Whether to make information public. B. How to provide confidentiality of data. C. How to prevent "faking" data. D. Whether to divulge the purpose of the study.

31. Which of the following is an appropriate step to take in the external criticism of an original document used in historical research?

A. Determining who actually wrote the document B. Establishing the author's competence C. Making a study to determine the author's meaning D. Analyzing the author's possible bias

32. A researcher is studying a speech known to have been delivered by Vice President Spiro Agnew in 1971. She is attempting to establish whether those parts of the speech that referred to American education truly represent the state of education in the United States at that time. She is doing:

A. content analysis B. causal analysis C. internal criticism D. external criticism

33. Historical research is usually limited in terms of:

A. researcher bias B. little or no control over sampling C. lack of control of threats to internal validity D. all of the above

34. Which of the following questions does not apply to external criticism?

A. What was the intent of the document? B. Was the author emotionally involved in the events described? C. Under what conditions was the document written? D. When was the document written?

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35. Which of the following is a secondary source?

A. A teacher's description of misbehavior in the school cafeteria B. A principal's summary of actions taken by the school board C. A student's report card D. A school record of absences

36. Which is not a common purpose of historical research?

A. To test hypotheses B. To determine cause-effect relationships C. To aid in prediction D. To avoid unnecessary repetition

37. A Mixed-Methods design would NOT include:

A. Causal comparative and ethnographic approaches B. Grounded theory and case study approaches C. Phenomenological and correlational approaches D. Experimental and biographical approaches

38. Advantages of Mixed-Methods studies include:

A. Difficulty and narrowness B. Comprehensiveness and thoroughness C. Training and Cost D. Instrumentation and sampling

39. 'Advocacy lens' refers to:

A. Stating political implications of a study B. Critical analysis of a study C. A study of political opinions D. A research purpose of improving conditions

40. Philosophic differences as to the value of Mixed-Methods research distinguish:

A. Purists from pragmatists B. Positivists from postmodernists C. Conservatives from progressives D. None of the above

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41. The distinguishing characteristic of 'Mixed-Models' research is:

A. Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches within different phases B. Use of both qualitative and quantitative designs C. Use of both qualitative and quantitative data D. All the above

42. Which is NOT true of evaluating a Mixed-Methods study?

A. It requires assessment of each method used B. It is more complex than in other methods C. It is more subjective than with other methods D. It includes the same criteria as other methods

43. The intent of a Mixed-Methods triangulation design is to:

A. Validate instruments B. Confirm results C. Enhance generalizability D. Save time and resources

44. The intent of a Mixed-Methods exploratory design is to:

A. Clarify prior findings B. Develop new instruments C. Discover and validate variables and relationships D. Enhance internal validity

45. Which is not a criticism of participatory action research?

A. It can exploit community members. B. It can be poorly conducted. C. It can be subverted to political ends. D. It cannot provide useful knowledge.

46. The role of the trained researcher in action research may be:

A. initiator B. consultant C. equal partner D. all of the above

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47. Extensive involvement of participants is often justified by their:

A. rights B. knowledge C. investment in the problem D. all of the above

48. Participatory action research differs from all other forms of research in its:

A. emphasis on empowerment B. use of many methods C. means of data collection D. attention to ethics

49. Which is not an advantage of action research?

A. It can improve practice in the short term. B. It requires little time. C. It can create new alternatives. D. It can improve group morale.

50. Generalization in action research is best accomplished by:

A. simple random sampling B. argumentation C. two-stage random sampling D. replication

51. Extra Credit Opportunity

Here you have the opportunity to earn extra credit. Select whether you want 2 points or 6 points added to this test. But there’s a catch; if more than 10% of the class selects 6 points, then no one gets any points. Your response will be anonymous and only I will see the responses.

A. 2 points

B. 6 points