Ampicillan is a member of the penicillin family of antibiotics. What would happen to AmpR bacterial strains if they were streaked out onto plates containing amoxicillin (which is also a member of the penicillin family)? Why? Describe the mode of action for amoxillin. What would happen if you added twice the normal dosage of amoxicillin to a culture of animal cells and why?

 

Note this may not apply but it might help. I found it in my lecture notes.

Antibiotic

Mode of action

Inactivation - mode of resistance

Chloramphenicol

Binds to 23S rRNA in the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits translation

Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase acetylates the antibiotic

Ampicillin

Inhibits cross-linking of peptidoglycan chains in the bacterial membrane synthesis

Beta-lactamase cleaves the ring in the antibiotic

Tetracycline

Binds to 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the tRNA from intreating with the ribosome

A membrane protein actively expels or transports the antibiotic out of the cell

Kanamycin

Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits translation

Aminoglycoside phosphotransferase phosphorylates the antibiotic

Streptomycin

Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits translation

A deletion of the gene coding for S12 ribosomal protein prevents binding of the antibiotic

Erythromycin

Binds to 25S rRNA in the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits translation

An enzyme methylates a specific adenine residue in the rRNA so that it is unable to bind the antibiotic

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