Question 1 of 20 5.0 Points Which of the following is the definition of “norm”? A. A gradual process in which people escalate their commitment to a course of action B. A program of shared rules that govern the behavior of members of a society C. Rules that regulate human life D. A given social position that is governed by rules for proper behavior Reset Selection Question 2 of 20 5.0 Points Research on social roles suggests that: A. people usually follow social roles with conscious deliberation. B. certain aspects of every role must be carried out or there will be penalties. C. male gender roles in Western cultures have been resistant to any changes. D. family roles setting tasks for husbands and wives are similar across cultures. Reset Selection Question 3 of 20 5.0 Points Culture is defined as a program of shared __________ that govern the behavior of people in a society as well as a set of shared values and beliefs. A. social roles B. rules or norms C. expectations D. cognitions Reset Selection Question 4 of 20 5.0 Points The primary reason why people obey is because: A. they don’t give thought to the other perspective. B. they hope to gain a tangible benefit through their obedience. C. they are worried about the consequences of disobedience. D. they are deeply convinced of the authority’s legitimacy. Reset Selection Question 5 of 20 5.0 Points A gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time, money, or effort is called: A. acculturation. B. entrapment. C. diffusion of responsibility. D. fundamental attribution error. Reset Selection Question 6 of 20 5.0 Points Attribution theory examines: A. the explanations a person makes about the causes of behavior. B. the psychological traits or “attributes” that a person possesses. C. judgments about the personal attributes of others. D. predictions about behavior of people in particular situations. Reset Selection Question 7 of 20 5.0 Points The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency of people to: A. overestimate the role of situational factors in the behavior of others. B. overestimate the role of dispositional factors in the behavior of others. C. overestimate the role of situational factors in their own behavior. D. overestimate the role of dispositional factors in their own behavior. Reset Selection Question 8 of 20 5.0 Points Garret has a tendency to take credit for his good actions but he attributes his mistakes to “an off day.” This would be an example of: A. the fundamental attribution error. B. the validity effect. C. the just-world hypothesis. D. the self-serving bias. Reset Selection Question 9 of 20 5.0 Points According to the just-world hypothesis: A. people’s actions are just if they truly believe in them. B. if people work hard for something, then they deserve their reward. C. bad people are punished and good people are rewarded. D. international cooperation leads to justice. Reset Selection Question 10 of 20 5.0 Points A relatively stable opinion, containing beliefs and emotional feelings about a topic, is called: A. an attitude. B. a norm. C. an attribution. D. a disposition. Reset Selection Question 11 of 20 5.0 Points A state of tension that occurs when a person simultaneously holds two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent is called: A. cognitive dissonance. B. the validity effect. C. the fundamental attribution error. D. routinization. Reset Selection Question 12 of 20 5.0 Points _______________ is a tendency for all people on a team or a mission together to agree with each other and suppress any dissension among their ranks. A. Groupthink B. Conformity C. Consensus D. Deindividuation Reset Selection Question 13 of 20 5.0 Points The members of Ike’s fraternity think blindfolding the initiates and covering them with molasses is a great idea for pledging. Ike does not think this is a good idea but he decides to keep quiet rather than offend his fraternity brothers and risk being ridiculed. This illustrates a symptom of: A. groupthink. B. deindividuation. C. diffusion of responsibility. D. self-serving bias. Reset Selection Question 14 of 20 5.0 Points Bystander apathy results from: A. social loafing. B. deindividuation. C. diffusion of responsibility. D. the familiarity effect. Reset Selection Question 15 of 20 5.0 Points Which of the following is NOT a situational factor that will encourage a person to “rock the boat” and be a nonconformist? A. The knowledge that if you protest a company policy you will be able to find another job B. The realization that intervention or help is needed C. The cost-benefit ratio supports your decision to get involved D. The knowledge that you are the only dissenting person and so it is up to you to take action Reset Selection Question 16 of 20 5.0 Points The belief that one’s own ethnic group, nation, or religion is superior to all others is called: A. the fundamental attribution error. B. self-serving bias. C. ethnocentrism. D. entrapment. Reset Selection Question 17 of 20 5.0 Points The part of a person’s self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, culture, or ethnic group or with gender or other roles in society is called: A. the fundamental attribution error. B. self-serving bias. C. ethnocentrism. D. social identity. Reset Selection Question 18 of 20 5.0 Points The part of a person’s self-concept that is based on identification with a nation, culture, group or gender is called: A. social identity. B. social stereotype. C. tacit identity. D. social concept. Reset Selection Question 19 of 20 5.0 Points A psychological function of prejudice is to: A. help people bond to their own ethnic group. B. increase self-esteem. C. increase conformity to social norms. D. make official forms of discrimination seem legitimate. Reset Selection Question 20 of 20 5.0 Points From the standpoint of social and cultural psychologists: A. few societies have changed from warlike to peaceful and vice versa. B. outbreaks of horrifying violence are usually the result of inner aggressive drives and the sheer evilness of the enemy. C. all human beings and all cultures contain the potential for good and for evil. D. healthy people rarely commit terribly disturbing or violent acts. Reset Selection

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