Theo2301/3311: Teachings of the Catholic Church Fall 2016 Final Study Guide Nota bene:​ The final is cumulative. What is Sabellianism? What is Arianism? Where was it condemned? What is the significance of the term “homoousios” in Trinitarian theology? Who was Athanasius? How does he explain the passages of Scripture that seem to subordinate the Son to the Father? What images does he use to describe the relationship of the Father to the Son? Augustine suggests that John 10:30 rules out two important misunderstandings of the doctrine of the Trinity. What does the passage say? What are the two misunderstandings it rules out? How does it rule each of them out? What is Boëthius’s definition of ‘person’? What are the three elements of the definition? What are the two ​ad intra​ processions in the Trinity? What are they called? Who proceeds from Whom in each? Correlate the processions to the Divine operations. Are these processions creations? Do they take place in time? What are the four relations in the Trinity? What are they called? In each relation, Who is related to Whom? Which of the four relations meet the requirements of personhood? Why does the other (or do the others) not? What is the fundamental law of the Trinity? Explain the psychological model of the Trinity that Augustine offers in ​The City of God. What is man’s dignity relative to the rest of material creation? Why does the Church hold that he holds this place? What is the relation of the soul to the body? --Are they two individual substances accidentally united? --Does the soul preexist the body? --Is the body responsible for our bodily and sensitive powers aside from the soul? Can the existence of the immaterial soul of man be proven by philosophy? How does the soul come into being? Does the fact that some reputable theologians have in times past held delayed animation (or delayed hominization)--the theory that the soul comes to the body sometime after biological conception--imply that abortion is theologically defensible? What does the Church teach regarding the time at which the soul is infused? Concerning the origin of the human race, what points must a Catholic maintain? Is atheistic evolution truly a theory of physical sciences alone? Is the dichotomy between evolution and creation accurate (i.e., must one choose either God or evolution as an explanation for mankind)? Why or why not? Distinguish the two ends of human nature. What is meant by “the state of original justice” or the “state of innocence”? What gifts were included in this state? Be able to list and explain. How did our first parents lose these gifts? What can we speculate about the sort of sin our first parents committed? Did they repent? Who is affected by original sin? What is original sin in its essence? What other effects of original sin are there? What is “concupiscence”? Given the essence of original sin, would a person created in a state of pure nature, without grace, have been created in original sin? Why or why not? How is this case different from ours? Why is original sin inherited? (Relate original sin to original justice.) Was human nature itself fundamentally disfigured and essentially changed in the fall; does it lack things strictly due to it? What does this imply about man’s ability to perform naturally good (i.e., ethically or morally good) acts without grace? What is the difference between the Catholic understanding of original sin and Luther’s? What is Luther’s theory of imputed or forensic justification? What did Pelagius teach about the nature of original sin and grace? In what sense can one say that Pelagius and Luther start from the same point? How is this different from the Catholic starting point? Was God bound to become man? In what five ways does Aquinas explain that it was fitting that God redeem man by becoming man? Is Christ both true God and true man? Did Christ have a human intellect? A human will? Distinguish Antiochene from Alexandrian Christology. What was Apollinarianism? Did Christ lose His divinity in becoming man? What was Nestorianism? What was its error? Where and when was it condemned? Who was Cyril of Alexandria? What is meant by the Marian title “Theotokos”? What is the Christological significance of this title? What was Monophysitism? What was its error? Where and when was it condemned? What is the Tome of Leo? What did it teach about Christ? What is meant by the “hypostatic union”? Be able to explain the significance of both “union” and “hypostatic”. What is actual grace? Can one merit the first actual grace? What is the relationship between actual grace and salutary acts? Is anyone lost for lack of actual grace? What is sanctifying grace? What are it principal effects? What is its relationship to the theological virtue of charity? What is the relationship between sanctifying grace in this life and the glory of the blessed in the next? What are the three theological virtues? How do they relate to one another? What are the three characteristics of sanctifying grace? How do the first two of these differ from Luther’s understanding of the state of justification? How does Scripture’s depiction of heaven as reward imply merit? How does Christ’s metaphor of the vine and branches explain the notion of merit?

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