SHOW ALL WORK by using a Punnett square.

1) One day while perusing the grapes at my local Safeway store, I spied a mutant fruit fly that had no wings. This trait is called vestigial (vg) to fruit fly geneticists and is recessive to the wild type allele for normal wings (+). I captured the little devil and decided to cross this vestigial fly with one of my prized normal winged flies. All of the progeny from this cross have normal wings. What is the genotype of my prized normal winged fly? If I were to cross two of the F1s, what would the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the F2 generation be? Use Morgan's method in setting up your Punnett square.

2) The palomino horse is golden in color. Unfortunately, for horse fanciers, palominos do not breed true. In a series of matings between palominos, the following offspring were obtained: 65 palominos, 32 cream-colored horses, 34 chestnut (reddish-brown) horses. What is the probable mode of inheritance of palomino coloration? Demonstrate your answer by illustrating the mode of inheritance using a Punnett square.

3) In sweet peas, purple flower color (P) is dominant over white (p), but there is also a control gene such that if the plant has a C gene, the purple has "permission" to express itself. If the plant is cc, the purple does not "have permission" to express itself and the flower will be white anyway. If a plant with homozygous purple, controlled flowers is crossed with a plant with white, non-controlled flowers diagram, the Punnett square for the F1 and F2 generations and calculate the genotype and phenotype ratios.

4) In Guinea pigs, black hair (B) is dominant over white (b), rough coat texture (R) is dominant over smooth (r), and short hair (S) is dominant over long hair (s). Assuming these genes are on separate chromosomes, draw the Punnett square for a cross between a homozygous black, rough, short-haired Guinea pig and a white, smooth, long-haired one. What would the phenotype(s) of the offspring be? If two of the F1 offspring were crossed, draw the Punnett square for this cross. Hint: first, make a list of the possible gametes, making sure each has exactly one copy of each of the genes (one allele for each gene). What would the genotype and phenotype ratios be for the F2 generation?

5)  Snow leopards live in the high reaches of the Himalayas and have several adaptations to deal with living most of the time in snow. They have wide paws with hair between the toes to allow them to run on top of the snow crust. Assume that wide paws (W) and hair between the toes (T) are both dominant traits and are on the same chromosome. Suppose that two snow leopards, heterozygous for both traits, mate. Suppose further that in the female, the two dominant alleles are on the same chromosome of the homologous pair, while in the male, each chromosome of the pair has one dominant and one recessive allele. If crossing over does not occur between these two genes, what is the probability of the offspring's genotypes and phenotypes? If the pair have 8 cubs and crossing over did occur 20% of the time, how many of the offspring would be recombinants? Explain

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