1. The standard of proof in juvenile court proceedings where a juvenile’s loss of freedom is a possibility is ______. a. clear and convincing evidence b. weighty evidence c. preponderance of the evidence d. proof beyond a reasonable doubt 2. The case of In re Winship resulted in the standard of ______. a. beyond a reasonable doubt b. clear and convincing evidence c. a preponderance of evidence d. the weight of the evidence 3. Juvenile courts are increasingly ______. a. less formal b. bureaucratic c. one-sided d. more punishment-centered 4. Today, juvenile records are ______. a. less likely to be made available for public view b. more likely to be made available for public view c. sealed from public view in most jurisdictions d. sealed from public view in all jurisdictions 5. The confidentiality privilege for juvenile offenders has ______. a. increased in recent years b. eroded in recent years c. gone unchanged in the past thirty years d. prohibited juvenile identification 6. The U.S. Supreme Court case of Barker v. Wingo held that ______. a. adult offenders are entitled to a speedy trial b. juvenile offenders are entitled to a speedy trial c. both adult and juvenile offenders are entitled to a speedy trial d. juvenile offenders are entitled to a jury trial Unit 3 Examination 100 BCJ 210 Juvenile Justice 7. The IJA/ABA standards relating to processing juveniles recommends ______. a. no more than two hours between police referral and decision to detain b. no more than 4 hours between police referral and decision to detain c. no more than 24 hours between police referral and decision to detain d. no more than 48 hours between police referral and decision to detain 8. The IJA/ABA standards relating to processing juveniles recommends ______. a. no more than 12 hours between detention and petition justifying further detention b. no more than 24 hours between detention and petition justifying further detention c. no more than 48 hours between detention and petition justifying further detention d. no more than three days between detention and petition justifying further detention 9. The terms “waiver” and “transfer” ______. a. have distinctly different meanings b. vary depending on federal and state courts c. are used interchangeably d. differ according to the stage of juvenile proceedings 10. Of all the violent crime arrests, juveniles accounted for ______. a. more than 50 percent b. less than 20 percent c. more than 80 percent d. no violent crime 11. With the deinstitutionalization of status offenders (DSO), status offenders ______. a. have been completely removed from the juvenile justice system b. automatically fall within the adult criminal court system c. are outside the jurisdiction of the juvenile court system d. continue to filter into the juvenile justice system 12. When juvenile offenders are removed to the custody of a foster home or group home, they are considered ______. a. status offenders b. placed c. confined d. processed Unit 3 Examination 101 BCJ 210 Juvenile Justice 13. In 2010 Juvenile courts waived jurisdiction to adult criminal courts in ______. a. less than 1% of all formally handled cases b. more than 10% of all formally handled cases c. more than 56% of all formally handled cases d. more than 5% of all formally handled cases 14. Female delinquents are more likely to be transferred to criminal court for ______. a. prostitution offenses b. property offenses c. petty offenses d. drug offenses 15. With direct filing, the court officer who has sole authority to refer a case from juvenile to adult court is the ______. a. prosecutor b. defense attorney c. juvenile court judge d. criminal court judge 16. A finding that the facts alleged in a petition are true is referred to as a ______. a. proof of guilt b. sustained waiver c. proven disposition d. sustained petition 17. In recent years, juvenile violence has ______. a. increased b. decreased c. stayed the same d. not been studied 18. Those juveniles who have the greatest chance of becoming career adult offenders are those labeled as ______. a. first offenders b. second degree offenders c. primary offenders d. chronic offenders Unit 3 Examination 102 BCJ 210 Juvenile Justice 19. Hard time in confinement is also known as ______. a. curved time b. flat time c. strict time d. determined time 20. Which type of offender is likely to be punished most severely? a. a gang member who gets in a fight b. a juvenile who sells marijuana while on probation c. a juvenile who tells police where to find stolen property d. a juvenile who gets drunk and shoplifts 21. Someone who is predicted to be dangerous and actually turns out to be dangerous is called a ______. a. false positive b. true positive c. true negative d. false negative 22. Juveniles who might be overpenalized by being locked up on the basis of predictions made about their likelihood of committing new crimes and who never commit new crimes are ______. a. false negatives b. negatives c. positives d. false positives 23. A projection of future behavior based on a class of similar offenders is called ______. a. actuarial prediction b. anamnestic prediction c. clinical prediction d. aggregated prediction Unit 3 Examination 103 BCJ 210 Juvenile Justice 24. Those juveniles who are predicted to be safe risks for rehabilitation and actually turn out to be quite dangerous are called ______. a. false negatives b. negatives c. positives d. false positives 25. Juvenile court judges sometimes refer to documents prepared by juvenile probation officers about a youth’s background and family circumstances. These documents are called ______. a. anamnestic prediction reports b. intensive prediction reports c. predisposition reports d. clinical prediction reports