Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

1. Which of the following would help improve evaluation research in criminal justice?

a. co-optation of evaluation design b. co-optation of evaluation staff c. focus on process, not method d. focus on the method, not process

2. Under which of the project components of a systems model does the authorization to introduce     new policies in an experimental treatment fall?

a. inputs b. activities c. results d. outcomes

3. According to OJJDP, which of the following factors is NOT considered as crucial as others before    an evaluation is undertaken?

a. location of the project b. evaluability of the project c. people to be involved in the project d. usability of the findings

4. Which of the following activities falls under the “legitimating policies” stage of the policy     process?

a. selecting a proposal b. organizing bureaucracies c. levying taxes d. studying programs

5. Which of the following steps in designing a policy experiment could restrain widespread     adoption of experimentally successful treatments?

a. rigorously maintaining the random assignment of cases into treatment and control       groups b. adopting a team approach between researchers and practitioners c. using an experiment to make policy, not to inform policy d. replicating the experiment in a variety of settings

Unit 4 Examination

153

BCJ 470 Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology

6. In which of the steps of evaluability assessment does one determine whether the model and     activities are measurable?

a. bounding the problem or program b. analyzing plans c. collecting program information d. modeling of the program and the interrelationships of program activities

7. In which of the following steps of evaluation research does one identify and operationalize the     key components of the program to be analyzed?

a. design of instruments b. research design c. data collection d. utilization

8. How are percentages calculated?

a. by dividing a frequency by the total N and multiplying the result by 100 b. by dividing frequency 1 by frequency 2 c. by dividing frequency of criterion variable by total population d. by dividing and multiplying the total population by a frequency variable

9. The initial step in data analysis involves ________.

a. analysis of a graphic display b. running the marginals c. examining cross-tabulations d. reading two-variable tables

10. Which of the following examines one variable in terms of another variable?

a. cross tabulation b. text encoding c. data verification d. running marginals

11. Where should the unknowns eliminated from the base total in percentaging a table be stated?

a. headnote b. footnote c. stubs d. title

Unit 4 Examination

154

BCJ 470 Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology

12. Which of the following refers to the process of introducing or controlling for third variables by       subclassifying tables?

a. tabulation b. resolution c. verification d. elaboration

13. What is the concluding step in percentaging a bivariate table?

a. plot independent variables b. read across dependent variable c. plot dependent variables d. choose a title

14. A/An ________ takes place when the partial tables reproduce the relationship in the original       table.

a. replication b. suppression c. specification d. explanation

15. Which software is most widely used for data management?

a. JAVA b. PC c. SAV d. SPSS

16. Which of the following items in a variable list would include information on desired       occupational mobility, job satisfaction, and characteristics of work?

a. demographic variables b. professional—paraprofessional roles c. utilization d. recruitment to rehabilitation work

17. Analysis of variance is used in order to ________.

a. describe the relationship between variables b. analyze underlying factors in a group of scores c. compare the statistical significance of three or more means d. measure central tendency

Unit 4 Examination

155

BCJ 470 Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology

18. Which of the following is NOT a measure of relationship?

a. Spearman’s rho b. gamma c. student’s t d. Pearson’s r

19. Which of the following is an example of a nonparametric test?

a. Spearman’s rho b. Pearson’s r c. Z scores d. Cramer’s V

20. Which is a measure of dispersion?

a. mean b. median c. mode d. standard deviation

21. The null hypothesis is a ________.

a. research hypothesis b. parametric statistic c. descriptive device d. statement of no difference

22. Which of the following is a descriptive statistic?

a. range b. t test c. Z test d. chi-square

23. Which measure of central tendency is appropriate for nominal data?

a. mean b. median c. mode d. standard deviation

Unit 4 Examination

156

BCJ 470 Research Methods in Criminal Justice and Criminology

24. What would a Pearson’s r of ±1.00 indicate?

a. a perfect relationship b. an impossible relationship c. no relationship d. a moderate relationship

25. A measure of dispersion describes the ________.

a. relationship of variables b. spread of a distribution c. significance of a relationship d. average score