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COMM1002 Public Speaking Unit 3 Challenge 1 Sophia
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The Dean of Students has invited Sophie to speak during her upcoming graduation ceremony. He asks to review a detailed outline of Sophie’s speech before she writes her rough draft.
While preparing her outline, Sophie finds a graduation speech given by the class president 25 years ago. She decides to use this as the basis for her speech.
Order Sophie’s ideas according to where they should fall in her outline.
1. c. Sophie wants to engage her audience by describing the classes offered at their school 25 years ago.
2. b. Sophie wants to explain that young people have the power to change this world.
3. a. Sophie wants to explain that students have been the driving force for change at their school through stories of how current classes offered at their school came about.
4. d. Sophie wants her audience to remember that even though they are young, they are capable of making big changes in this world.
The audience at Sophie’s graduation will consist of over 1,000 people. Sophie’s grandparents, who are originally from Poland, are coming. Many friends and families of Sophie’s classmates are immigrants as well.
The audience will sit in the bleachers of an outdoor stadium, while the graduates will sit in the stands across from the guests and behind the stage erected in the center of the field.
Determine whether the advice below is Effective or Ineffective for selecting and highlighting Sophie’s main points.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Effective Ineffective
Sophie should pass around a copy of the old yearbook she found that she references in her speech.
Sophie should first ask herself how that particular group should be affected by her speech.
She should speak without a microphone to make it feel more relatable.
As Sophie reads the graduation speech from 25 years ago, she can’t help but notice how life has improved for her generation thanks to changes in technology. She decides to argue that young people remain society’s more important innovators. She also wants to persuade her classmates to push boundaries and use social media to increase transparency in decision-making processes. She considers the different ways she could organize the main ideas of her speech.
Match the ways of ordering main points in a speech with a description of that ordering method.
Temporal
Spatial Patterns
Topical
• A.
Organizing information by explaining why something happened and then discussing the impact or results.
• B.
Speaking about your main points in the order that they occurred over time.
• C.
Describing information that can be further broken down into categories.
• D.
Describing the physical layout of a particular place.
Sophie has never written an outline for a speech before. Nor would she have written an outline for her graduation speech, but the dean insisted upon reviewing an outline to make sure it fit his standards.
There are different types of outlines that speakers use at different stages in the speech-writing process. Match the type of outline with the corresponding speech scenario.
Preparation outline
Rough draft outline
Speaking outline
• A.
Sophie wants to make sure that her speech is clearly presented by outline to the dean. She also wants this outline to help trigger her memory during the speech. She has included notes on the transitions between the introduction and body of the speech so it will help her time and pace the delivery of the speech.
• B.
The dean prides himself on his speech-making ability and so likes to speak extemporaneously. He normally jots down a few notes outlining the title, introduction, body of the speech, and conclusion on a notecard. He also includes important references at the end.
• C.
The valedictorian will also be speaking to the class and using lots of statistics and examples to support his premise that college costs disproportionately affect certain communities. He has already organized his initial thoughts into his outline, but he plans to do more research and add to it as his ideas form into a cohesive topic.
• D.
The keynote speaker has some meaningful insights to relay to the students but does not have a great deal of confidence in her public speaking abilities, so she writes out the full text of her speech so that she won't forget it.
Sophie is struggling to narrow down her ideas to clear topics, so she sits down with her mother to discuss the speech.
“I want to talk about the world that graduates faced 25 years ago, compared with the world we face today,” Sophie says. “Well, maybe you should discuss technology first,” her mom replies.
Below are excerpts from Sophie’s introduction and conclusion.
Introduction: Twenty-five years ago, the graduating class president spoke about communication and the role that young people played in communication innovation. I will compare and contrast this to today’s young people to show young people will continue to be the biggest innovators in the next 25 years.
Conclusion: Graduates of today will continue to change the economy and decision-making structures of big business and politics if we continue to use technology to break down barriers.
Place the following sentences in the correct order as they would appear in Sophie’s speaking outline.
1. d. Technology challenges conquered by the class who graduated 25 years ago
2. a. CERN labs built the first website in 1991 and the world-wide web was born
3. c. Software innovations made by recent graduates
4. b. Many recent grads have gone on to work at Facebook, seeing their innovations influence media, business, and communities
• a. CERN labs built the first website in 1991 and the world-wide web was born
• b. Many recent grads have gone on to work at Facebook, seeing their innovations influence media, business, and communities
• c. Software innovations made by recent graduates
• d. Technology challenges conquered by the class who graduated 25 years ago
Sophie’s first draft of her introduction reads as follows:
James Cooper, who was the class president 25 years ago, wrote about his pen pal in his graduating speech: "When I was in second grade, I had a pen pal in New Zealand. It took almost two weeks for our letters to make their way to and from Rotorua."
Now second graders are learning how to use computers and send emails. Gone are the days when they have to wait weeks for a response.
Do you think that when I was in second grade, I had a pen pal that I wrote to with pen and paper? No, we had video calls with a class in China and used a live translation program.
My name is Sophie Ramirez and I am the class president. I want to talk today about how the world has changed since the days of handwritten letters, but also how we have the same responsibility to shape the future.
Which element of the introduction is missing from Sophie’s speech?
•
Her topic should be clear so that her audience knows what to expect.
•
Sophie needs to build credibility as an expert on young people so her audience will be open to her message.
•
A roadmap for how the speech will use the main points to convey her message.
•
Sophie needs to give her audience closure.
•
Sophie should use the introduction to hook the audience’s attention with an interesting quotation or story.
•
The topic needs to be clearly stated so her audience can be unified under a common theme.
A famous alum who runs a national newspaper has been asked to give an address at Sophie’s graduation. The class is excited for him to be on campus, but Sophie’s dad and grandmother don’t like the newspaper and feel that he caters to a liberal political agenda.
All speakers need to gain credibility with their audiences through methods like (A) . Regardless of the speech type, the introduction needs to include (B) a.
A
dressing the part bragging about accomplishments being entertaining ignoring other arguments speaking quietly
B
sophisticated vocabulary quotes from experts relevant statistics cited sources a preview of main topics
Before meeting with the dean, Sophie sends the following draft topic outline to her English teacher.
Thesis statement: 25 years ago, the class president spoke about communication and the role that young people play in communication innovation. I will compare and contrast this to today’s young people to show young people will continue to be the biggest innovators in the next 25 years.
Topic: Technology challenges conquered by the class who graduated 25 years ago were vast.
Supporting point: CERN labs built the first website in 1991 and the World Wide Web was born.
Topic: Software innovations made by recent graduates
Supporting point: Facebook’s influence on media, business, and communities
Topic: The opportunities to influence technology and the economy for our graduating class
Sub-topic: Increasing transparency and public participation in decision-making structures through social media
Conclusion: Graduates of today will continue to change the economy and decision-making structures of big business and politics if we continue to use technology to break down barriers.
“Great job, Sophie,” her teacher replies, “But don’t forget to add some transitions!”
Match each sentence from Sophie's speech with the type of transition it represents.
Internal preview
Signpost
Internal summary
• A.
First, let's look at the technological innovations achieved by students who have graduated from this very school.
• B.
Although we were practically born knowing how to use technology, there are still some distinct challenges we face that I would like to discuss today.
• C.
Now that I have talked about the experience we have all had with technology over the past few years, I would like to move on to some of the future goals of students in our class.
• D.
However, our young age should not be a reason to sit back and wait for those older than us to make change.
After getting the dean’s approval for her outline, Sophie works on her conclusion:
“James probably couldn’t imagine having his own website and ‘followers’ from all over the world when he urged his fellow graduating seniors to scale walls and crash through barriers. Today I urge you all to continue to be rule breakers, technology explorers, and social innovators who will continue to open up our institutions to new influences. I can’t wait to see what we all achieve and I know I will because we’re all ‘friends’ on Facebook. Congratulations class of 2016!”
Select TWO missing elements from Sophie’s conclusion.
•
Conclusions shouldn’t be too “lean”
•
Missing a signal that the end is near
•
Doesn’t have a clear audience take-away
•
Forgets to circle back to her “hook”
•
Doesn’t reiterate her main points
•
Doesn’t summarize key evidence or story details
Below is the final draft of Sophie’s conclusion:
“Today is bittersweet for all of us as we mark the end of our time here and look forward to new adventures. While James Cooper probably couldn’t imagine having his own website and ‘followers’ from all over the world when he urged his fellow graduating seniors to scale walls and crash through barriers 25 years ago, we are fortunate to be ahead of the tech curve. While we can predict that technology will play a role in our future careers and lives, we can also plan to be the creators of new innovations. I hope that I’ve made it clear today that we should all continue to be rule breakers, technology explorers, and social innovators who will continue to open up our institutions to new influences. I can’t wait to see what we all achieve and I know I will because we’re all ‘friends’ on Facebook. Congratulations class of 2016!”
Choose the statement that is an example of an internal summary.
•
“While James Cooper probably couldn’t imagine having his own website and ‘followers’ from all over the world when he urged his fellow graduating seniors to scale walls and crash through barriers 25 years ago, we are fortunate to be ahead of the tech curve.”
•
“Congratulations class of 2016!”
•
“I hope that I’ve made it clear today that we should all continue to be rule breakers, technology explorers, and social innovators who will continue to open up our institutions to new influences.”
•
“I can’t wait to see what we all achieve and I know I will because we’re all ‘friends’ on Facebook.”
•
"Today is bittersweet for all of us as we mark the end of our time here and look forward to new adventures."
•
"While we can predict that technology will play a role in our future careers and lives, we can also plan to be the creators of new innovations."
The Dean of Students has invited Sophie to speak during her upcoming graduation ceremony. He asks to review a detailed outline of Sophie’s speech before she writes her rough draft.
While preparing her outline, Sophie finds a graduation speech given by the class president 25 years ago. She decides to use this as the basis for her speech.
Order Sophie’s ideas according to where they should fall in her outline.
d. Sophie wants to read part of the 25-year-old speech that refers to political events of the time, without identifying the source first, as an attention-grabbing technique.
c. Sophie wants to relate an anecdote about a young business leader who started a technology company despite many obstacles to illustrate the importance of believing in yourself even if you don’t have a lot of experience.
b. Sophie wants to explain that young people have always pushed the boundaries of technology.
a. Overall, Sophie wants to make the point that graduates should use the lessons of the past and challenges of the future to motivate them to push their boundaries and the boundaries of the economy.
a. Overall, Sophie wants to make the point that graduates should use the lessons of the past and challenges of the future to motivate them to push their boundaries and the boundaries of the economy.
b. Sophie wants to explain that young people have always pushed the boundaries of technology.
c. Sophie wants to relate an anecdote about a young business leader who started a technology company despite many obstacles to illustrate the importance of believing in yourself even if you don’t have a lot of experience.
d. Sophie wants to read part of the 25-year-old speech that refers to political events of the time, without identifying the source first, as an attention-grabbing technique.
The audience at Sophie’s graduation will consist of over 1,000 people. Sophie’s grandparents, who are originally from Poland, are coming. Many friends and families of Sophie’s classmates are immigrants as well.
The audience will sit in the bleachers of an outdoor stadium, while the graduates will sit in the stands across from the guests and behind the stage erected in the center of the field.
Determine whether the advice below is Effective or Ineffective for selecting and highlighting Sophie’s main points.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Effective Ineffective
She should select points that appeal to a heterogenous audience and unify around a common theme.
She should use handouts because of the challenge she faces with the physical space.
She is speaking to a large outdoor group, so she should use hand gestures to highlight her points.
As Sophie reads the graduation speech from 25 years ago, she can’t help but notice how life has improved for her generation thanks to changes in technology. She decides to argue that young people remain society’s more important innovators. She also wants to persuade her classmates to push boundaries and use social media to increase transparency in decision-making processes. She considers the different ways she could organize the main ideas of her speech.
Match the ways of ordering main points in a speech with a description of that ordering method.
Temporal
Spatial Patterns
Topical
Organizing information by explaining why something happened and then discussing the impact or results.
Speaking about your main points in the order that they occurred over time.
Describing information that can be further broken down into categories.
Describing the physical layout of a particular place.
Sophie has never written an outline for a speech before. Nor would she have written an outline for her graduation speech, but the dean insisted upon reviewing an outline to make sure it fit his standards.
There are different types of outlines that speakers use at different stages in the speech-writing process. Match the type of outline with the corresponding speech scenario.
Preparation outline
Rough draft outline
Speaking outline
Sophie has planned to compare senior quotes and goals in the 25-year-old yearbook to the goals of her classmates also graduating this year. She has done some of these interviews, but is hoping to get a few more so that she can find some clear themes.
Sophie’s speech is all about the change and growth that high school students experience. She decides to write down her main points, along with her intro, conclusion, and all transitions; she also includes notations where she needs to pause.
Sophie is a strong speaker. She has taken public speaking all four years of high school and is very good at staying on track. She has decided to use Roman numerals to organize a few key words and phrases, along with the full source citations she will be using.
Sophie has carefully planned her speech out in her head and will use this organization plan when she sits down to write her speech.
Sophie is struggling to narrow down her ideas to clear topics, so she sits down with her mother to discuss the speech.
“I want to talk about the world that graduates faced 25 years ago, compared with the world we face today,” Sophie says.
“Well, maybe you should discuss technology first,” her mom replies.
Below are excerpts from Sophie’s introduction and conclusion.
Introduction: Twenty-five years ago, the graduating class president spoke about communication and the role that young people played in communication innovation. I will compare and contrast this to today’s young people to show young people will continue to be the biggest innovators in the next 25 years.
Conclusion: Graduates of today will continue to change the economy and decision-making structures of big business and politics if we continue to use technology to break down barriers.
Place the following sentences in the correct order as they would appear in Sophie’s speaking outline.
a. Technologies that were common for students who went to their school 25 years ago
d. Technology issues that current students face
b. Where the students who graduated 25 years ago went on to work and how they impacted technology
c. The plans of graduating seniors to go into technology related fields and where they hope to work someday
a. Technologies that were common for students who went to their school 25 years ago
b. Where the students who graduated 25 years ago went on to work and how they impacted technology
c. The plans of graduating seniors to go into technology related fields and where they hope to work someday
d. Technology issues that current students face
Sophie’s first draft of her introduction reads as follows:
When I was in second grade, I had a pen pal in New Zealand. It took almost two weeks for our letters to make their way to and from Rotorua. Now second graders are learning how to use computers and send emails. Gone are the days when they have to wait weeks for a response.
Did you think I had a pen pal that I wrote to with pen and paper? No, when I was in second grade we had video calls with a class in China and used a live translation program.
James Cooper, who was the class president 25 years ago, wrote about his pen pal in his graduating speech. My name is Sophie Ramirez and I am the class president and have my own website.
I want to talk today about how the world has changed since then.
Which element of the introduction is missing from Sophie’s speech?
A more complicated thesis statement to show the complexity of her argument.
A preview of the main points she will discuss in her speech.
A joke or funny quote to help the audience relax.
A signal to the audience that the speech is coming to a close.
Nothing, her current introduction is sufficient.
A personal story to connect her experience to the topic.
A famous alum who runs a national newspaper has been asked to give an address at Sophie’s graduation. The class is excited for him to be on campus, but Sophie’s dad and grandmother don’t like the newspaper and feel that he caters to a liberal political agenda.
All speakers need to gain credibility with their audiences through methods like (A) dressing the part . Regardless of the speech type, the introduction needs to include (B) a preview of main topics .
A
ignoring other arguments being entertaining speaking quietly dressing the part bragging about accomplishments
B
quotes from experts cited sources relevant statistics a preview of main topics sophisticated vocabulary
Before meeting with the dean, Sophie sends the following draft topic outline to her English teacher.
Thesis statement: 25 years ago, the class president spoke about communication and the role that young people play in communication innovation. I will compare and contrast this to today’s young people to show young people will continue to be the biggest innovators in the next 25 years.
Topic: Technology challenges conquered by the class who graduated 25 years ago were vast.
Supporting point: CERN labs built the first website in 1991 and the world-wide web was born.
Topic: Software innovations made by recent graduates
Supporting point: Facebook’s influence on media, business, and communities
Topic: The opportunities to influence technology and the economy for our graduating class
Sub-topic: Increasing transparency and public participation in decision-making structures through social media
Conclusion: Graduates of today will continue to change the economy and decision-making structures of big business and politics if we continue to use technology to break down barriers.
“Great job, Sophie,” her teacher replies, “But don’t forget to add some transitions!”
Match each sentence from Sophie's speech with the type of transition it represents.
Preview
Signpost
Transitional phrase
To begin, I would like you to think about how hard it must have been for James to picture how the WWW would change his classmates lives in a couple of years. Tonight, I’ll attempt to predict two ways in which I think technology will change our lives.
It is now the norm for public figures, CEOs, and elected officials to be present on social media and we again see how this has changed decision-making.
Finally, Facebook opened up the stage to thousands of innovations in real time digital communication with effects so widespread they are hard to quantify.
Although technology was a wider frontier for James and his classmates, I think our generation faces an equal but different challenge that I’ll outline now.
After getting the dean’s approval for her outline, Sophie works on her conclusion:
“James probably couldn’t imagine having his own website and ‘followers’ from all over the world when he urged his fellow graduating seniors to scale walls and crash through barriers. Today I urge you all to continue to be rule breakers, technology explorers, and social innovators who will continue to open up our institutions to new influences. I can’t wait to see what we all achieve and I know I will because we’re all ‘friends’ on Facebook. Congratulations class of 2016!”
Select TWO missing elements from Sophie’s conclusion.
Conclusions shouldn’t be too “lean”
Missing a signal that the end is near
Forgets to circle back to her “hook”
Doesn’t have a clear audience take-away
Doesn’t reiterate her main points
Below is the final draft of Sophie's conclusion:
“Today is bittersweet for all of us as we mark the end of our time here and look forward to new adventures. While James Cooper probably couldn’t imagine having his own website and ‘followers’ from all over the world when he urged his fellow graduating seniors to scale walls and crash through barriers 25 years ago, we are fortunate to be ahead of the tech curve. While we can predict that technology will play a role in our future careers and lives, we can also plan to be the creators of new innovations. I hope that I’ve made it clear today that we should all continue to be rule breakers, technology explorers, and social innovators who will continue to open up our institutions to new influences. I can’t wait to see what we all achieve and I know I will because we’re all ‘friends’ on Facebook. Finally, I would like to say congratulations class of 2016!”
Choose the statement that is an example of a signpost.
"While we can predict that technology will play a role in our future careers and lives, we can also plan to be the creators of new innovations."
“While James Cooper probably couldn’t imagine having his own website and ‘followers’ from all over the world when he urged his fellow graduating seniors to scale walls and crash through barriers 25 years ago, we are fortunate to be ahead of the tech curve.”
“I can’t wait to see what we all achieve and I know I will because we’re all ‘friends’ on Facebook.”
"Finally, I would like to say congratulations class of 2016!”
"Today is bittersweet for all of us as we mark the end of our time here and look forward to new adventures."
“I hope that I’ve made it clear today that we should all continue to be rule breakers, technology explorers, and social innovators who will continue to open up our institutions to new influences.”