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COMM1002 Public Speaking Unit 3 Challenge 2 Sophia
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Samuel, a well-known rock climber, has recently joined Live and Learn Outside, an organization that provides outdoor education for low-income children. Although he has little experience in public speaking, Samuel gives a fundraising speech at an elite training camp in Palm Beach, Florida. The conclusion to Samuel’s speech is below:
“I love pushing myself beyond what I think I can do every time I climb. I compete with myself and with other climbers in order to prove that with hard work and dedication, I can overcome any obstacle. I want other children to learn how to scale peaks, which is why I am honored to be working with L&LO. Thank you all for listening today.”
Unfortunately, only one audience member donated money after the speech.
Which is a reason why Samuel’s speech failed to motivate his audience to donate money to Live and Learn Outside?
•
He didn't find common ground with his audience in terms of his topic.
•
His speech was too formal for the venue he was in.
•
He didn't explain to his audience why he was qualified to be giving this speech.
•
He was too specific with his audience about what he wanted them to do.
•
He focused too much on himself and didn't emphasize his call to action.
•
He spoke too softly and his audience couldn't hear him.
Samuel’s first speech prompted the organization to hire a professional speech writer named Matt. He meets with Samuel to help him write his next speech, which will be given at a conference of physical education professionals. Matt urges Samuel to take a direct approach.
“The most valuable part of my education took place outside of the classroom, which is why I believe in the importance of outdoor opportunities for all children. When I started working with Live and Learn Outdoors, the first camping trip convinced me how important it is for kids to expand their horizons. One boy named David spent the whole first day complaining about his clothes getting dirty. Once the sun set and the stars came out, though, he stopped complaining and became interested.
I am going to tell you about the work that this great organization does and how it helps kids like David get the education that I did. I hope that you will join in our efforts so that all children have the same opportunities as the students you teach.”
Select two suggestions Matt could give Samuel that will increase directness and clarity.
•
Samuel should not use emotional words because they could detract from his expertise and authority.
•
Samuel should increase his volume and point directly at members of the audience when he speaks about the students they teach.
•
Samuel should add a shocking and controversial personal story to engage his audience.
•
Samuel should define his organization’s target group and definition of low-income children.
•
Samuel should ask and answer the question “Why should you give your time, money, or expertise to help Live and Learn Outside?”
•
Samuel should avoid speaking in the first person.
While drinking coffee during their first meeting, Matt asks Samuel about a life-changing climb he completed and what he learned from his experiences. Then, Matt writes a topic outline and asks Samuel to fill it in with excerpts from his story.
Rate the following statements as Abstract or Concrete.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Abstract Concrete
Working together as a team is helpful for people who are stressed out
Young people are most in need of outdoor experiences
Helping high school freshmen learn to rock climb helped Samuel feel more confident as a teacher
Samuel wants to include stories about his own experiences in his speeches, but Matt reminds him to be objective. Samuel must make sure to present evidence and facts to support his organization’s message.
“When I climbed Lunatic Fringe in Yosemite for the first time, I was only 15 years old. My father brought me on a camping and climbing trip and we did a few easier climbs around the park before he decided that I was ready to tackle that epic climb. That climb changed my life and I want to change the lives of other teens who will never have someone to take them camping, hiking, rafting, or climbing. Our programs help teenagers experience adventure in a controlled and healthy environment. Seventy percent of our program’s graduates have never been outside an urban area before their trip with us and over 80% graduate high school compared to just 45% of those who don’t participate in the program. Half of our funding comes from private donors and the other half comes from organizations and academic institutions that partner to run programming with Live and Learn Outside. Our model has been externally evaluated and we have 10 years’ worth of data to say that what we do helps these kids have a better shot at life.”
Rate the following statements as Subjective or Objective.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Subjective Objective
Working with these students has made me a better person.
Children who participate in our program are 35% more likely to graduate high school.
Over the past 10 years we have collected data on how our program has positively impacted students.
Samuel’s strength as a spokesperson is his subjectivity, but credibility is important for Matt. He pours through Live and Learn Outside’s annual reports, evaluations, and participant data to improve the accuracy of Samuel’s speeches.
“Because of participant feedback and questionnaires from all the young people, we know that 90% of young people who experience outdoor education stay in school longer than their peers who do not experience outdoor education.”
Which replacement for the underlined phrase is the best way for Matt to improve the accuracy of Samuel’s claim?
•
"...Georgetown University researchers conducted interviews and reviewed program data for us..."
•
"...NYU conducted a ten-year study in the 1960s on teens from housing projects..."
•
"...a popular blogger just published an article about outdoor education..."
•
"...of communication from the principals of the participant’s schools..."
•
"...Outward Bound, another outdoor education company, has recently published the findings of research conducted by their board..."
•
"...the CEO of our organization has interviewed hundreds of teenagers..."
Samuel must give a speech to wealthy parents who run a foundation that helps poor children in their city. Matt wants to make sure that the speech is vivid and descriptive.
“We are all aware of the neighborhoods a few miles from where we stand where children are living in poverty and don’t have the same opportunities as your wealthy children. We are also aware based on many studies that these children will have difficulty achieving succeeding in life. When I was a teenager, I spent many days clinging to a thin shred of hope, scared and unsure if anyone was looking out for me. You have the chance to help teenagers in low-income housing developments thrive.”
Match the selections from Sam's speech with the different ways that audiences can process information.
Comparing
Describing in detail
Explaining
• A.
"Our organization's mission is to help offer these children in low-income households opportunities to learn and grow."
• B.
"...children are living in poverty and don’t have the same opportunities as your wealthy children."
• C.
"We are all aware of the neighborhoods..."
• D.
"...clinging to a thin shred of hope..."
Matt includes Samuel in the speechwriting process to ensure that his voice is authentic and personal. Samuel does a good job of adding descriptive language to the speech, but some places still require further revision.
Match each language technique to the correct example.
Simile
Metaphor
Weasel phrase
• A.
"A life without guidance and purpose is like walking through fog on a dark night without a flashlight."
• B.
“Life in high school is a zoo and only contact with real nature can calm the storm."
• C.
"The more time we spend outside the more we love and accept the people around us."
• D.
"It could be argued that outdoor education is more important than traditional, classroom-based education."
Matt and Samuel are struggling with writing a fundraising speech aimed at wealthy foundations across the country. They know that delivering persuasive speeches to diverse audiences can pose a challenge in balancing your own identity and authenticity with being inclusive.
Select two examples that do NOT show Samuel being both inclusive and personal according to best practices of public speaking.
•
Samuel uses a few words that he and his other climbing friends use while explaining to the audience what they mean, to show his personal tone and voice.
•
"No matter our income, many of us may have experienced the pain of depression and anxiety; the real question is, what can we do to treat it?"
•
Samuel dresses in his hiking clothing to give the audience a vivid image of him at work.
•
"I have had the chance to climb professionally with some of the strongest men and women in the world."
•
"Now, imagine what it is like to be a young man who has never experienced the great outdoors."
•
Samuel brings along a slideshow of images showing inner-city students learning and growing in the great outdoors.
Once Matt and Samuel draft five speeches together, Matt highlights sections of each speech for Samuel to update and make relevant to different audiences in the future. At this point, Samuel tells Matt that he has no idea how to do research because he “skipped that class in college,” so Matt gives him a few tips for online research.
Match each scenario with the correct method for avoiding plagiarism.
A few staff members of L&LO have provided Matt with their speeches and reports to use in his work but the source section is missing in one.
Samuel participates in an online community of climbers who have given him some photos and quotes to use.
Matt has finished writing his speech, but worries that all of his time spent researching might have led him to use other people's words without realizing it.
“I don’t see how I can persuade rich people to give money to poor kids so they can play outside! I have no idea what I’m talking about!” yells Samuel. He’s realizing that public speaking can be a more challenging venture than rock climbing. Matt knows that he isn’t quite finished with providing advice.
Match Robert Cialdini’s “weapons of influence” to Matt’s suggestion of how Samuel can use it in practice.
Liking
Scarcity
Social Proof
• A.
"Just remind them that the organization needs their support quickly, that without them, these amazing opportunities wouldn't be possible."
• B.
"Don't forget to mention the other socialite organizations in the area that have already committed to donating!"
• C.
"Samuel, you really don't have anything to worry about. Once you tell them a little more about yourself and flash that winning smile ... they are going to love you."
• D.
"You just need to display confidence and make them feel like they have no choice but to donate!"
Samuel, a well-known rock climber, has recently joined Live and Learn Outside, an organization that provides outdoor education for low-income children. Although he has little experience in public speaking, Samuel gives a fundraising speech at an elite training camp in Palm Beach, Florida. The conclusion to Samuel’s speech is below:
“I love pushing my myself beyond what I think I can do every time I climb. I compete with myself and with other climbers in order to prove that with hard work and dedication, I can overcome any obstacle. I want other children to learn how to scale peaks, which is why I am honored to be working with L&LO. Thank you all for listening today.”
Unfortunately, only one audience member donated money after the speech.
The following are reasons why Samuel’s speech failed to motivate the audience to donate money, EXCEPT:
His language and delivery could have been more dynamic and interactive for an outdoor audience of like-minded athletes.
His language was not appropriately respectful of his audience.
He used vague phrases and language, like “I want” and “I am honored” that didn’t relate to his purpose.
He didn’t have a clear takeaway message or purpose for the audience to sum up his speech.
He didn’t use motivating language relevant to his audience and goal.
His language was too personal, and therefore highlighted his lack of credibility.
Samuel’s first speech prompted the organization to hire a professional speech writer named Matt. He meets with Samuel to help him write his next speech, which will be given at a conference of physical education professionals. Matt urges Samuel to take a direct approach.
“The most valuable part of my education took place outside of the classroom, which is why I believe in the importance of outdoor opportunities for all children. When I started working with Live and Learn Outdoors, the first camping trip convinced me how important it is for kids to expand their horizons. One boy named David spent the whole first day complaining about his clothes getting dirty. Once the sun set and the stars came out, though, he stopped complaining and became interested.
I am going to tell you about the work that this great organization does and how it helps kids like David get the education that I did. I hope that you will join in our efforts so that all children have the same opportunities as the students you teach.”
Select two suggestions Matt could give Samuel that will increase directness and clarity.
Samuel should add a shocking and controversial personal story to engage his audience.
Samuel should avoid speaking in the first person.
Samuel should define his organization’s target group and definition of low-income children.
Samuel should not use emotional words because they could detract from his expertise and authority.
Samuel should ask and answer the question “Why should you give your time, money, or expertise to help Live and Learn Outside?”
Samuel should increase his volume and point directly at members of the audience when he speaks about the students they teach.
While drinking coffee during their first meeting, Matt asks Samuel about a life-changing climb he completed and what he learned from his experiences. Then, Matt writes a topic outline and asks Samuel to fill it in with excerpts from his story.
Rate the following statements as Abstract or Concrete.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Abstract Concrete
Working together as a team is helpful for people who are stressed out
Young people are most in need of outdoor experiences
Helping high school freshmen learn to rock climb helped Samuel feel more confident as a teacher
Samuel wants to include stories about his own experiences in his speeches, but Matt reminds him to be objective. Samuel must make sure to present evidence and facts to support his organization’s message.
“When I climbed Lunatic Fringe in Yosemite for the first time, I was only 15 years old. My father brought me on a camping and climbing trip and we did a few easier climbs around the park before he decided that I was ready to tackle that epic climb. That climb changed my life and I want to change the lives of other teens who will never have someone to take them camping, hiking, rafting, or climbing. Our programs help teenagers experience adventure in a controlled and healthy environment. Seventy percent of our program’s graduates have never been outside an urban area before their trip with us and over 80% graduate high school compared to just 45% of those who don’t participate in the program. Half of our funding comes from private donors and the other half comes from organizations and academic institutions that partner to run programming with Live and Learn Outside. Our model has been externally evaluated and we have 10 years’ worth of data to say that what we do helps these kids have a better shot at life.”
Rate the following statements as Subjective or Objective.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Subjective Objective
Half of our funding comes from private donors.
We have 10 years’ worth of data to say that what we do helps these kids have a better shot at life.
I want to change the lives of other teens who will never have someone to take them climbing.
Samuel’s strength as a spokesperson is his subjectivity, but credibility is important for Matt. He pours through Live and Learn Outside’s annual reports, evaluations, and participant data to improve the accuracy of Samuel’s speeches.
“Because of participant feedback and questionnaires from all the young people, we know that 90% of young people who experience outdoor education stay in school longer than their peers who do not experience outdoor education.”
Which replacement for the underlined phrase is the best way for Matt to improve the accuracy of Samuel’s claim?
"...the CEO of our organization has interviewed hundreds of teenagers..."
"...Outward Bound, another outdoor education company, has recently published the findings of research conducted by their board..."
"...a popular blogger just published an article about outdoor education..."
"...NYU conducted a ten-year study in the 1960s on teens from housing projects..."
"...of communication from the principals of the participant’s schools..."
"...Georgetown University researchers conducted interviews and reviewed program data for us..."
Samuel must give a speech to wealthy parents who run a foundation that helps poor children in their city. Matt wants to make sure that the speech is vivid and descriptive.
“We are all aware of the neighborhoods a few miles from where we stand where children are living in poverty and don’t have the same opportunities as your wealthy children. We are also aware based on many studies that these children will have difficulty achieving success in life. When I was a teenager, I spent many days clinging to a thin shred of hope, scared and unsure if anyone was looking out for me. You have the chance to help teenagers in low-income housing developments thrive.”
Given that the goal is to be vivid and descriptive, which phrase is the MOST effective for Samuel’s audience?
“Many studies” because it highlights that objective facts are used in the speech.
“You have the chance to help teenagers in low-income housing developments thrive” because it explains the purpose of the program.
“Children living in poverty” because it describes the program participants.
“Succeeding in life” because it is a vivid description of what the program hopes to achieve.
"Clinging to a thin shred of hope” because it is a vivid metaphor for coping with a difficult situation.
“Wealthy children” because it is appropriate for the audience.
Matt includes Samuel in the speechwriting process to ensure that his voice is authentic and personal. Samuel does a good job of adding descriptive language to the speech, but some places still require further revision.
Match each language technique to the correct example.
Simile
Metaphor
Weasel phrase
"A life without guidance and purpose is like walking through fog on a dark night without a flashlight."
“Life in high school is a zoo and only contact with real nature can calm the storm."
"The more time we spend outside the more we love and accept the people around us."
"It could be argued that outdoor education is more important than traditional, classroom-based education."
Matt and Samuel are struggling with writing a fundraising speech aimed at wealthy foundations across the country. They know that delivering persuasive speeches to diverse audiences can pose a challenge in balancing your own identity and authenticity with being inclusive.
Select two examples that do NOT show Samuel being both inclusive and personal according to best practices of public speaking.
"Now, imagine what it is like to be a young man who has never experienced the great outdoors."
Samuel brings along a slideshow of images showing inner-city students learning and growing in the great outdoors.
Samuel dresses in his hiking clothing to give the audience a vivid image of him at work.
"No matter our income, many of us may have experienced the pain of depression and anxiety; the real question is, what can we do to treat it?"
Samuel uses a few words that he and his other climbing friends use while explaining to the audience what they mean, to show his personal tone and voice.
"I have had the chance to climb professionally with some of the strongest men and women in the world."
Once Matt and Samuel draft five speeches together, Matt highlights sections of each speech for Samuel to update and make relevant to different audiences in the future. At this point, Samuel tells Matt that he has no idea how to do research because he “skipped that class in college,” so Matt gives him a few tips for online research.
Match each scenario with the correct method for avoiding plagiarism.
A few staff members of L&LO have provided Matt with their speeches and reports to use in his work but the source section is missing in one.
Samuel participates in an online community of climbers who have given him some photos and quotes to use.
Matt has finished writing his speech, but worries that all of his time spent researching might have led him to use other people's words without realizing it.
Jot down keywords only and do not include sentences.
Reference the source of the idea used in graphics and writing.
Run an entire speech through plagiarism detection software.
Avoid research with online sources as it’s impossible to avoid plagiarism.
“I don’t see how I can persuade rich people to give money to poor kids so they can play outside! I have no idea what I’m talking about!” yells Samuel. He’s realizing that public speaking can be a more challenging venture than rock climbing. Matt knows that he isn’t quite finished with providing advice.
Match Robert Cialdini’s “weapons of influence” to Matt’s suggestion of how Samuel can use it in practice.
Liking
Scarcity
Social Proof
"Just remind them that the organization needs their support quickly, that without them, these amazing opportunities wouldn't be possible."
"Don't forget to mention the other socialite organizations in the area that have already committed to donating!"
"Samuel, you really don't have anything to worry about. Once you tell them a little more about yourself and flash that winning smile ... they are going to love you."
"You just need to display confidence and make them feel like they have no choice but to donate!"