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COMM1002 Public Speaking Unit 3 Challenge 3 Sophia
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Caroline is a new staff reporter for a newspaper near Jackson, Georgia. Her first assignment is a protest organized by an anti-death penalty group outside of the local prison. There is a prisoner on death row who is scheduled for execution in two months, but is in the final stages of his last appeal.
Caroline is excited to cover a high-profile story, but she’s nervous about attending an emotional protest.
Match each speech with its corresponding example.
Persuasive Speech on a Question of Policy
Persuasive Speech on a Question of Value
Persuasive Speech on a Question of Fact
• A.
“How to Actively Listen” by Andrew Simmons, a communications professor at the local university.
• B.
“How Our Teachers Can Do More for Struggling Youth," by Dr. Sandra Miller, a recently retired teacher who taught for 30 years.
• C.
“The Benefits of Listening to Our Children” by Michael Messer, a local pastor who works with incarcerated youth.
• D.
“The School to Prison Pipeline: How Many Young Men Go To Court Instead of College” by Dr. Jenners, head of public health at the city government.
Caroline arrives at the protest early and finds that many people are already there holding banners and signs. She taps a bystander on the shoulder.
“Do you know who’s going to be speaking today?” she asks.
“We have the mother of the guy on death row; Sister Kennedy, who is a famous anti-death penalty campaigner; a lawyer from the American Civil Liberties Union; and someone from Amnesty International. I bet Sister Kennedy will give the best speech,” the bystander says.
Select the description of the best practice in persuasive speaking that can help Caroline judge which speech is the best.
•
The best speech should be delivered in an intense and impassioned voice that is loud enough to be heard without a microphone.
•
The best speech seems as neutral as possible and shows you arguments on both sides.
•
The best speech will be the one that makes her cry the most.
•
The best speech should outline at least 10 steps to take in order to solve the problem.
•
The best speech will change, reinforce, or instill a particular belief in the audience.
•
The best speech should have visual aids so that the audience can visualize the problem clearly.
As the speakers gather outside the prison gates, a van suddenly pulls in. A group of men jump out with signs and begin chanting “Justice for Selena!” They surround a crying middle-aged woman.
When Caroline approaches, she hears the organizers ask the woman to say a few words about her daughter, Selena. The man on death row had been convicted of her brutal murder at age 16. Caroline wonders whether the crowd will listen to Selena’s mother.
Match each speech scenario with the concept it describes.
Confirmation bias
Selective exposure theory
Anxiety driven by expectation
• A.
A crime victim advocate is nervous about making a 5-minute speech to protesters at an anti-death penalty rally. She’s arguing the death penalty prevents violent crime.
• B.
The crowd won’t be able to follow the arguments made by speakers with opposing viewpoints.
• C.
The pro-death penalty crowd that showed up won’t listen to the mother of the prisoner.
• D.
When Caroline asks crowd members about who was the best speaker, they all said the best one was the one who argued what they already believed.
Selena’s mother speaks about how her daughter’s murder has affected her and her family over the past 10 years. Rather than speaking directly about the death penalty, she talks about the emotional damage the convicted man has continued to inflict upon them with each trial and appeal.
Caroline notices that much of the crowd isn’t listening, but some people are in tears.
Select whether each example is most likely using logos or pathos in its appeal.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Pathos Logos
An attorney describes the sincere remorse many of his clients showed before and after trial
An employee of the prison system shares the statistics concerning botched executions
A professor shows graphs illustrating the number of young black men sentenced to death
Sister Kennedy speaks next. Although she speaks quietly and rarely makes eye contact, the crowd is silent as she describes her meetings with death row inmates. She acknowledges pro-death penalty arguments, but outlines how she came to believe that the death penalty is discriminatory. She goes on to list the men and families she has met for over 30 years and cites studies to support her claim that the needy and poor are the only ones put to death.
Which of the following does NOT demonstrate how Sister Kennedy builds credibility at the anti-death penalty rally?
•
She cites credible studies to support her perspective.
•
She finds common ground with her audience.
•
She earns it through self-presentation.
•
She shows that she has considered other perspectives on the issue.
•
She returns to their shared goal throughout her speech.
•
She appeals to shared beliefs and values.
An attorney hired to represent the prisoner on death row takes the stage next. Caroline records the following excerpt from his speech:
“When we compare the conviction rate for African-American men living under the poverty line with the conviction rate for white men living under the poverty line, we see that judges and juries convict African-American men at nearly twice the rate. This level of institutional racism cannot be accepted. It means a black man in this country does not get a fair trial!”
Caroline makes a note to fact check his evidence at the office before writing her story.
Match the lawyer's actions with the corresponding question he asked himself about deploying his evidence effectively.
Is My Evidence Accurate?
Is My Evidence Relevant?
Is My Evidence Thorough?
• A.
The lawyer thinks critically about the level of understanding his audience will have on the topic and adjusts the detail of his evidence to account for what they will already know.
• B.
The lawyer goes back through all of his original sources to make sure that he did not make an error when writing down numbers and statistics.
• C.
The lawyer looks at the outline of his speech and makes sure that each fact is clearly related to the point he is trying to make.
• D.
The lawyer wonders whether his evidence could be used by an opponent to reach a different conclusion.
Now the prisoner’s mother takes the podium. She introduces herself with the following words:
“We all hope that our children will outlive us. My son is going to die before me and he is going to die alone, scared, and in pain. I know Selena died alone, scared, and in pain and I don’t wish that knowledge on any other mother. I don’t want any mother to picture her baby fighting death, so I believe the death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment inflicted on our society as a whole. When the prison kills my son, I will be seeing the chubby, sweet baby that I nursed dying, so to me the state of Georgia will be killing an innocent baby when they poison my son.”
Which of the following is an ineffective way to appeal to an audience’s emotions?
•
Crying during a speech.
•
Telling a story.
•
Presenting statistics that prove the point.
•
Speaking with passion.
•
Delivering the speech in an emotional way.
•
Using a metaphor.
Caroline had expected high emotions at the rally, but she hadn’t realized how difficult it could be to remain an objective and critical listener. With so many facts, emotions, and strong viewpoints to sift through, she feared making a mistake in her reporting.
Determine whether the following appeal is rational and complete the statement.
“The Ten Commandments says that killing is wrong and 70% of Americans say they believe in God and the bible, so 70% of Americans probably think the death penalty is wrong.”
The above statement uses (A) reasoning that relies on an invalid inference, or (B) .
A
verifiable rational logos inductive dissociative
B
deduction syllogism ethos logos data
Sister Kennedy gently ushers the convicted man’s mother off the stage while the audience chants, “No more murder! No more murder!” Next, a Georgia state senator begins to speak:
“Hello my fellow citizens. It is my honor to represent the kind and moral people of Georgia in our state house and lead you in the battle to stop this unjust and cruel institution from executing any more of our people. I was the first state senator to introduce the legislation needed to abolish the death penalty. If you don’t vote for me in November, then we have no chance of abolishing this cruel practice.”
Political speeches often contain emotional appeals and errors in reasoning. Match each item to the correct example.
Formal fallacy
Emotional manipulation
Common fallacy
• A.
When the governor is away, there are no executions. The governor is here, so there’ll be an execution.
• B.
The judge denied the appeal and the prisoner has a low IQ. This judge has no concern for those with low IQs.
• C.
“White people should be ashamed of themselves for letting a racist system exist.”
• D.
“It is the responsibility of the press here today to convince people in this county to vote for me.”
As the rally draws to a close, a community organizer summarizes key points made by the speakers. Caroline makes the following notes on her speech:
Introduction: Four in five men on death row have IQs considered below normal and would be considered intellectually disabled by special ed standards. We must right an unjust and cruel system.
Argument: The death penalty takes money away from the state’s ailing educational and criminal justice systems.
Practical solutions and alternatives to the death penalty based on international examples of crime prevention and rehab.
Conclusion: In the future we won’t be protesting outside prisons. There will be true justice for all. Programs for crime prevention and prisoner rehabilitation. Call to donate to the organization and attend protest at state house next month before vote on legislation.
Match each element of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence to the corresponding statement.
Action
Attention
Satisfaction
• A.
“Four in five men on death row have IQ’s considered below normal…”
• B.
“Call to donate to the organization and attend protest…”
• C.
“Lower crime rates and incarceration rates and save tax money…”
• D.
In the future we won’t be protesting outside prisons…”
Caroline is a new staff reporter for a newspaper near Jackson, Georgia. Her first assignment is a protest organized by an anti-death penalty group outside of the local prison. There is a prisoner on death row who is scheduled for execution in two months, but is in the final stages of his last appeal.
Caroline is excited to cover a high-profile story, but she’s nervous about attending an emotional protest.
Match each speech with its corresponding example.
Persuasive Speech on a Question of Policy
Persuasive Speech on a Question of Value
Persuasive Speech on a Question of Fact
“How to Actively Listen” by Andrew Simmons, a communications professor at the local university.
“How Our Teachers Can Do More for Struggling Youth," by Dr. Sandra Miller, a recently retired teacher who taught for 30 years.
“The Benefits of Listening to Our Children” by Michael Messer, a local pastor who works with incarcerated youth.
“The School to Prison Pipeline: How Many Young Men Go To Court Instead of College” by Dr. Jenners, head of public health at the city government.
Caroline arrives at the protest early and finds that many people are already there holding banners and signs. She taps a bystander on the shoulder.
“Do you know who’s going to be speaking today?” she asks.
“We have the mother of the guy on death row; Sister Kennedy, who is a famous anti-death penalty campaigner; a lawyer from the American Civil Liberties Union; and someone from Amnesty International. I bet Sister Kennedy will give the best speech,” the bystander says.
Select the description of the best practice in persuasive speaking that can help Caroline judge which speech is the best.
The best speech seems as neutral as possible and shows you arguments on both sides.
The best speech should be delivered in an intense and impassioned voice that is loud enough to be heard without a microphone.
The best speech should outline at least 10 steps to take in order to solve the problem.
The best speech will be the one that makes her cry the most.
The best speech will change, reinforce, or instill a particular belief in the audience.
The best speech should have visual aids so that the audience can visualize the problem clearly.
As the speakers gather outside the prison gates, a van suddenly pulls in. A group of men jump out with signs and begin chanting “Justice for Selena!” They surround a crying middle-aged woman.
When Caroline approaches, she hears the organizers ask the woman to say a few words about her daughter, Selena. The man on death row had been convicted of her brutal murder at age 16. Caroline wonders whether the crowd will listen to Selena’s mother.
Match each speech scenario with the concept it describes.
Confirmation bias
Selective exposure theory
Anxiety driven by expectation
Caroline found that those attending the speeches most supported the speakers that already shared their same political beliefs.
The anti-death penalty protestors continue to chant loudly when anyone with a contradicting opinion speaks.
Audience members struggle to understand the elevated language used by some speakers as they cite research.
A politician is worried that his speech about gun control will frustrate the counter-protesters arguing for the death penalty. He is arguing that gun control will lead to fewer incarcerations.
Selena’s mother speaks about how her daughter’s murder has affected her and her family over the past 10 years. Rather than speaking directly about the death penalty, she talks about the emotional damage the convicted man has continued to inflict upon them with each trial and appeal.
Caroline notices that much of the crowd isn’t listening, but some people are in tears.
Select whether each example is most likely using logos or pathos in its appeal.
How to: Select one option from each row.
Pathos Logos
A politician describes the high cost of putting prisoners to death compared to rehabilitation
A victim’s mother describes how she found it in herself to forgive her daughter’s murderer
A former prison warden cites a 30 year study that shows the death penalty does not deter crime
Sister Kennedy speaks next. Although she speaks quietly and rarely makes eye contact, the crowd is silent as she describes her meetings with death row inmates. She acknowledges pro-death penalty arguments, but outlines how she came to believe that the death penalty is discriminatory. She goes on to list the men and families she has met for over thirty years and cites studies to support her claim that the needy and poor are the only ones put to death.
Sister Kennedy is an example of a speaker with more (A) credibility at the anti-death penalty rally. She uses (B) to persuade the crowd to peacefully consider the humanity of convicts.
A
training subjective ethical objective status
B
pathos ethos character logos emotion
An attorney hired to represent the prisoner on death row takes the stage next. Caroline records the following excerpt from his speech:
“When we compare the conviction rate for African-American men living under the poverty line with the conviction rate for white men living under the poverty line, we see that judges and juries convict African-American men at nearly twice the rate. This level of institutional racism cannot be accepted. It means a black man in this country does not get a fair trial!”
Caroline makes a note to fact check his evidence at the office before writing her story.
Match the lawyer's actions with the corresponding question he asked himself about deploying his evidence effectively.
Is My Evidence Accurate?
Is My Evidence Relevant?
Is My Evidence Thorough?
The lawyer thinks critically about the level of understanding his audience will have on the topic and adjusts the detail of his evidence to account for what they will already know.
The lawyer goes back through all of his original sources to make sure that he did not make an error when writing down numbers and statistics.
The lawyer looks at the outline of his speech and makes sure that each fact is clearly related to the point he is trying to make.
The lawyer wonders whether his evidence could be used by an opponent to reach a different conclusion.
Now the prisoner’s mother takes the podium. She introduces herself with the following words:
“We all hope that our children will outlive us. My son is going to die before me and he is going to die alone, scared, and in pain. I know Selena died alone, scared, and in pain and I don’t wish that knowledge on any other mother. I don’t want any mother to picture her baby fighting death, so I believe the death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment inflicted on our society as a whole. When the prison kills my son, I will be seeing the chubby, sweet baby that I nursed dying, so to me the state of Georgia will be killing an innocent baby when they poison my son.”
Rate each emotional appeal as Effective or Ineffective.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Effective Ineffective
“The state of Georgia will be killing an innocent baby when they poison my son.”
The image of an innocent baby being executed to evoke sympathy
Comparing the experience of the victim’s mother to her own
Caroline had expected high emotions at the rally, but she hadn’t realized how difficult it could be to remain an objective and critical listener. With so many facts, emotions, and strong viewpoints to sift through, she feared making a mistake in her reporting.
Determine whether the following appeal is rational and complete the statement.
“The Ten Commandments says that killing is wrong and 70% of Americans say they believe in God and the bible, so 70% of Americans probably think the death penalty is wrong.”
The above statement uses (A) reasoning that relies on an invalid inference, or (B) .
A
inductive rational verifiable logos dissociative
B
syllogism ethos logos deduction data
Caroline is a new staff reporter for a newspaper near Jackson, Georgia. Her first assignment is a protest organized by an anti-death penalty group outside of the local prison. There is a prisoner on death row who is scheduled for execution in two months, but is in the final stages of his last appeal.
Caroline is excited to cover a high-profile story, but she’s nervous about attending an emotional protest.
Match each speech with its corresponding example.
Persuasive Speech on a Question of Policy
Persuasive Speech on a Question of Value
Persuasive Speech on a Question of Fact
“How to Actively Listen” by Andrew Simmons, a communications professor at the local university.
“How Our Teachers Can Do More for Struggling Youth," by Dr. Sandra Miller, a recently retired teacher who taught for 30 years.
“The Benefits of Listening to Our Children” by Michael Messer, a local pastor who works with incarcerated youth.
“The School to Prison Pipeline: How Many Young Men Go To Court Instead of College” by Dr. Jenners, head of public health at the city government.
Caroline arrives at the protest early and finds that many people are already there holding banners and signs. She taps a bystander on the shoulder.
“Do you know who’s going to be speaking today?” she asks.
“We have the mother of the guy on death row; Sister Kennedy, who is a famous anti-death penalty campaigner; a lawyer from the American Civil Liberties Union; and someone from Amnesty International. I bet Sister Kennedy will give the best speech,” the bystander says.
Select the description of the best practice in persuasive speaking that can help Caroline judge which speech is the best.
The best speech seems as neutral as possible and shows you arguments on both sides.
The best speech should be delivered in an intense and impassioned voice that is loud enough to be heard without a microphone.
The best speech should outline at least 10 steps to take in order to solve the problem.
The best speech will be the one that makes her cry the most.
The best speech will change, reinforce, or instill a particular belief in the audience.
The best speech should have visual aids so that the audience can visualize the problem clearly.
As the speakers gather outside the prison gates, a van suddenly pulls in. A group of men jump out with signs and begin chanting “Justice for Selena!” They surround a crying middle-aged woman.
When Caroline approaches, she hears the organizers ask the woman to say a few words about her daughter, Selena. The man on death row had been convicted of her brutal murder at age 16. Caroline wonders whether the crowd will listen to Selena’s mother.
Match each speech scenario with the concept it describes.
Confirmation bias
Selective exposure theory
Anxiety driven by expectation
Caroline found that those attending the speeches most supported the speakers that already shared their same political beliefs.
The anti-death penalty protestors continue to chant loudly when anyone with a contradicting opinion speaks.
Audience members struggle to understand the elevated language used by some speakers as they cite research.
A politician is worried that his speech about gun control will frustrate the counter-protesters arguing for the death penalty. He is arguing that gun control will lead to fewer incarcerations.
Selena’s mother speaks about how her daughter’s murder has affected her and her family over the past 10 years. Rather than speaking directly about the death penalty, she talks about the emotional damage the convicted man has continued to inflict upon them with each trial and appeal.
Caroline notices that much of the crowd isn’t listening, but some people are in tears.
Select whether each example is most likely using logos or pathos in its appeal.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Pathos Logos
A politician describes the high cost of putting prisoners to death compared to rehabilitation
A victim’s mother describes how she found it in herself to forgive her daughter’s murderer
A former prison warden cites a 30 year study that shows the death penalty does not deter crime
Sister Kennedy speaks next. Although she speaks quietly and rarely makes eye contact, the crowd is silent as she describes her meetings with death row inmates. She acknowledges pro-death penalty arguments, but outlines how she came to believe that the death penalty is discriminatory. She goes on to list the men and families she has met for over thirty years and cites studies to support her claim that the needy and poor are the only ones put to death.
Sister Kennedy is an example of a speaker with more (A) credibility at the anti-death penalty rally. She uses (B) to persuade the crowd to peacefully consider the humanity of convicts.
A
training subjective ethical objective status
B
pathos ethos character logos emotion
An attorney hired to represent the prisoner on death row takes the stage next. Caroline records the following excerpt from his speech:
“When we compare the conviction rate for African-American men living under the poverty line with the conviction rate for white men living under the poverty line, we see that judges and juries convict African-American men at nearly twice the rate. This level of institutional racism cannot be accepted. It means a black man in this country does not get a fair trial!”
Caroline makes a note to fact check his evidence at the office before writing her story.
Match the lawyer's actions with the corresponding question he asked himself about deploying his evidence effectively.
Is My Evidence Accurate?
Is My Evidence Relevant?
Is My Evidence Thorough?
The lawyer thinks critically about the level of understanding his audience will have on the topic and adjusts the detail of his evidence to account for what they will already know.
The lawyer goes back through all of his original sources to make sure that he did not make an error when writing down numbers and statistics.
The lawyer looks at the outline of his speech and makes sure that each fact is clearly related to the point he is trying to make.
The lawyer wonders whether his evidence could be used by an opponent to reach a different conclusion.
Now the prisoner’s mother takes the podium. She introduces herself with the following words:
“We all hope that our children will outlive us. My son is going to die before me and he is going to die alone, scared, and in pain. I know Selena died alone, scared, and in pain and I don’t wish that knowledge on any other mother. I don’t want any mother to picture her baby fighting death, so I believe the death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment inflicted on our society as a whole. When the prison kills my son, I will be seeing the chubby, sweet baby that I nursed dying, so to me the state of Georgia will be killing an innocent baby when they poison my son.”
Rate each emotional appeal as Effective or Ineffective.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Effective Ineffective
“The state of Georgia will be killing an innocent baby when they poison my son.”
The image of an innocent baby being executed to evoke sympathy
Comparing the experience of the victim’s mother to her own
Caroline had expected high emotions at the rally, but she hadn’t realized how difficult it could be to remain an objective and critical listener. With so many facts, emotions, and strong viewpoints to sift through, she feared making a mistake in her reporting.
Determine whether the following appeal is rational and complete the statement.
“The Ten Commandments says that killing is wrong and 70% of Americans say they believe in God and the bible, so 70% of Americans probably think the death penalty is wrong.”
The above statement uses (A) dissociative reasoning that relies on an invalid inference, or (B) syllogism .
A
inductive rational verifiable logos dissociative
B
syllogism ethos logos deduction data
Sister Kennedy gently ushers the convicted man’s mother off the stage while the audience chants, “No more murder! No more murder!” Next, a Georgia state senator begins to speak:
“Hello, my fellow citizens. It is my honor to represent the kind and moral people of Georgia in our state house and lead you in the battle to stop this unjust and cruel institution from executing any more of our people. I was the first state senator to introduce the legislation needed to abolish the death penalty. If you don’t vote for me in November, then we have no chance of abolishing this cruel practice.”
Political speeches often contain emotional appeals and errors in reasoning. Match each item to the correct example.
Formal fallacy
Emotional manipulation
Common fallacy
According to government statistics, all men between the ages of 15-25 have a 66% chance of being arrested at least once.
The officer arrested a man with special needs. The officers in this town target people with special needs unfairly.
Any judge who sentences a black man to receive the death penalty is clearly letting race blind his judgment.
Black men are twice as likely to be sentenced to death. Therefore, black men are twice as likely to commit crimes that require the death penalty.
As the rally draws to a close, a community organizer summarizes key points made by the speakers. Caroline makes the following notes on her speech:
Introduction: Four in five men on death row have IQs considered below normal and would be considered intellectually disabled by special ed standards. We must right an unjust and cruel system.
Argument: The death penalty takes money away from the state’s ailing educational and criminal justice systems.
Practical solutions and alternatives to the death penalty based on international examples of crime prevention and rehab.
Conclusion: In the future we won’t be protesting outside prisons. There will be true justice for all. Programs for crime prevention and prisoner rehabilitation. Call to donate to the organization and attend protest at state house next month before vote on legislation.
Match each element of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence to the corresponding statement.
Action
Attention
Satisfaction
“Four in five men on death row have IQ’s considered below normal…”
“Call to donate to the organization and attend protest…”
“Lower crime rates and incarceration rates and save tax money…”
In the future we won’t be protesting outside prisons…”