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COMM1002 Public Speaking Unit 3 Milestone 3 Sophia
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1
LaDawn needs to convince a group of reluctant parents from her son’s school to form a fundraising committee. First, she needs to convince them that the school’s computers and software need updating and that they will have to raise the money themselves. This will be the first time anyone has done fundraising in the school.
Select the statement that is NOT a realistic expectation for her persuasive speech.
•
LaDawn should expect that her audience will want to keep their cognitive equilibrium, according to cognitive dissonance theory.
•
LaDawn should expect that the perceived usefulness of her information will help to counteract selective exposure.
•
LaDawn should assume her audience will ignore the parts of the speech that they disagree with and focus only on the parts that confirm the argument that fundraising is impossible.
•
LaDawn can expect that her speech will change most parents’ minds and they will join her group.
2
Which of the following should not be a concern when evaluating the use of language in your speech?
•
Audience Interest
•
Speech Length
•
Presentation Venue
•
Occasion for Speech
3
Which of the following is not a suggested way to create emotional appeal?
•
Telling a personal story to engage your audience emotionally
•
Crying during key moments in your speech
•
Infusing passion and energy into your delivery
•
Delivering a speech that will gain the sympathy of your audience
4
Emma often experienced stress during her first year of college. She spent most nights crying on the phone to her boyfriend, Kieren, who attends college in another state. She spent so much time talking to him last night that she forgot to write an assigned paper for English 101. Luckily, Kieren had written a paper on the same topic a month earlier. He emailed his paper to Emma, who changed the student name at the top of the paper to hers, and submitted it to her professor.
Which statement about Emma's work is accurate?
•
This is plagiarism, but since they attend schools in different states, the professor probably won't find out that the paper wasn't written by Emma.
•
The professor may find out that Emma plagiarized Kieren's paper by using online plagiarism-detection software.
•
Kieren gave Emma permission to use the paper, so this is not plagiarism.
•
Emma and Kieren discussed the book that was the focus of her assignment. Some of the ideas in KIeren's paper are the same as hers, so this is not plagiarism.
5
All outlines share common characteristics and should include reference to the introduction, main points, and conclusion of a speech. Types of outlines differ in some characteristics.
A(n) (A) outline may include where to pause, ask questions or present visuals.
A
initial rough draft preparation
6
Which of the following is not a significant component of a persuasive speech?
•
Mythos
•
Ethos
•
Logos
•
Pathos
7
(A) is not one of Cialdini's "Weapons of Influence."
A
Authority Commitment Scarcity
8
“First, I would like to discuss the many benefits of planting mums in the fall.”
What type of transition is this?
•
Signposts
•
Internal Preview
•
Transitional Phrase
•
Internal Summary
9
Why is it important to introduce the topic and thesis as soon as possible?
•
To entertain the audience
•
To prevent criticism
•
To keep the audience’s attention
•
To establish authority
10
Identify the statement that best suggests inductive reasoning.
•
Some people sleep better after drinking a warm drink. If you are one of these people, drinking warm milk is a great way to fall asleep at night.
•
Garden plants need water to grow, therefore, garden plants grow best when watered daily.
•
A tornado can cause glass windows to shatter and blow through a room. Flying glass is dangerous. When a tornado approaches, the safest place to be is in the basement, away from windows.
•
Water needs heat to boil. Putting a lid on a pot retains heat, therefore, water boils faster when there is a lid on the pot.
11
"I believe it is important for our company to start serving vegetarian options in the cafeteria. We have recently fired four employees and we want to make sure everyone works harder."
This argument an example of a (A) .
A
false dilemma straw man formal fallacy
12
The solution to this problem is as clear as a glass of water.
The statement above is an example of a (A) .
A
Metaphor Transition Weasel Phrase
13
Kai is afraid his speech on the importance of genetic testing could be too abstract for his audience of public health nurses.
Which of his talking points is NOT abstract?
•
Prenatal blood screening
•
Important tests
•
Fearful patients
•
Dangerous diseases
14
Dr. Barton is on the board of a homeless shelter for women and children. She is giving a speech at a banquet for the medical profession aimed at raising money for local charities.
Select the introduction that engages the audience effectively.
•
The Oxford Street shelter provides temporary accommodation for 20 women and their children on any given night. They are in a crowded and poorly maintained building because they have to choose between maintenance, renovation, or expansion and helping fewer women each night.
•
I am going to speak to you about homelessness in our city. I have been a practicing emergency room doctor for 10 years and have participated in dozens of respected research studies on the effects of homelessness on the health of mothers and children. Our services are overstretched and need your help.
•
Tonight I am going to explain about the Oxford Street Shelter for Women and Children. I am a board member and am here to explain how detrimental homelessness is to the health of mothers and their children. The health outcomes can be both acute and chronic and leave the children far behind their peers in developmental standards.
•
It’s 10 degrees tonight. I was cold just running from my car to this building. Would you rather sleep outside with your children tonight or risk your cousin assaulting you and your daughter? I know a woman making that choice tonight because the Oxford St. shelter doesn’t have enough beds for her. We need to expand their capacity and as a board member, I’d like to tell you why their work is so vital.
15
To complete her assignment, Michelle will make a persuasive speech to her biology class. She has decided to deliver a speech urging the class to believe that Bigfoot exists.
Michelle's speech is best defined as a persuasive speech on (A) .
A
Questions of Value Questions of Policy Questions of Credibility
16
Identify the three main components of a conclusion.
•
Explanation of examples, alternative argument, interesting anecdote
•
Overarching story, personal connections, Call to action
•
Primary Message, main points, audience take-away
•
Thesis statement, most important fact, source citations
17
“The defining moment in Monica’s career was when she landed the Johnson account. By doing so, she helped take the company to the next level.”
In the excerpt above, the speaker highlights one of the main points of her special occasion speech by using (A) .
A
Physical Gestures Visual Clues Graphics
18
John is new to his technology company and while he has years of HR experience, he has no tech company experience. He is asked to give a presentation on changes to working patterns designed to improve program testing speeds. He wants to build credibility before and during his speech.
Since John is new to the tech industry and relatively unknown to his co-workers, it will be difficult for him to use (A) to appeal to his audience, but he can demonstrate respect for his audience to build credibility.
A
credibility by association credibility from training pathos
19
In his presentation to new teachers at Hickman Middle School, Mr. Markus outlined the process of accessing the online attendance system. When he planned and organized the speech, he decided to first get the audience's attention, then encourage them to understand why they should access the new online system. After that, he planned to encourage them to practice using the system.
Which organizational technique involves getting the audience’s attention, showing a need for change, and making a call for action?
•
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
•
Problem-Solution Organization
•
Stock Issues
•
Compare and Contrast
20
In your conclusion, it is important to reiterate your main points, and to signal to your audience that you are ending your speech. Doing so prevents (A) in your audience.
A
lack of interest skepticism anger
21
Which of the following actions would not lessen the credibility of a speech?
•
Claiming the words of someone else as your own
•
Using the words of someone else, but giving them credit
•
Using the words of someone else without citation
•
Making up data and stating that it had been taken from a scholarly article
22
Which of the following is not a good reason to outline?
•
Outlining helps you to prove your case without evidence.
•
Outlining helps you to organize your topic.
•
Outlining helps you to show the relationship among ideas in your writing.
•
Outlining helps you to group ideas into main points.
23
Pamela is about to deliver a persuasive speech about why the senior class should elect her as President. She begins by stating that anyone who supports her opponent wants the school's athletic teams to be completely de-funded.
This logical fallacy is best described as (A) .
A
a red herring bandwagon appeal card-stacking
24
Steve is preparing a lecture on the economics of housing subsidies for a conference of national housing officials. He is an economics professor and is arguing that certain building subsidies cause real estate bubbles in cities, and therefore should only be used in certain circumstances.
Which of the following sentences best represents the introduction of Steve’s speech?
•
For example, let's look at some instances of international real estate bubbles and examine how they occurred.
•
The risks associated with housing subsidies justifies extreme caution; this lecture will explain the role of these subsidies in the creation of housing bubbles and argue for their limited use.
•
As a result of the foregoing, we can see how housing subsidies are appropriate in some circumstances but are potentially harmful in others.
•
Lessons from Detroit and Los Angeles show that housing subsidies are not the best option in U.S. cities.
25
Which one of the questions below is important to consider when choosing words to use in your speech?
•
Did I spell everything correctly?
•
Can I use words that make me sound smarter?
•
Am I using descriptive language?
•
Do I repeat any words more than once?
1
Emma often experienced stress during her first year of college. She spent most nights crying on the phone to her boyfriend, Kieren, who attends college in another state. She spent so much time talking to him last night that she forgot to write an assigned paper for English 101. Luckily, Kieren had written a paper on the same topic a month earlier. He emailed his paper to Emma, who changed the student name at the top of the paper to hers, and submitted it to her professor.
Which statement about Emma's work is accurate?
•
Emma and Kieren discussed the book that was the focus of her assignment. Some of the ideas in KIeren's paper are the same as hers, so this is not plagiarism.
•
Kieren gave Emma permission to use the paper, so this is not plagiarism.
•
The professor may find out that Emma plagiarized Kieren's paper by using online plagiarism-detection software.
•
This is plagiarism, but since they attend schools in different states, the professor probably won't find out that the paper wasn't written by Emma.
2
“The defining moment in Monica’s career was when she landed the Johnson account. By doing so, she helped take the company to the next level.”
In the excerpt above, the speaker highlights one of the main points of her special occasion speech by using (A).
A
Physical Gestures Signal Words and Phrases Visual Clues Graphics
3
All outlines share common characteristics and should include reference to the introduction, main points, and conclusion of a speech. Types of outlines differ in some characteristics.
A(n) (A)initial outline may include where to pause, ask questions or present visuals.
A
speaking initial rough draft preparation
4
Which transitional phrase should be avoided when sectioning ideas?
•
For this reason, it is important that we learn how to recycle properly.
•
Despite recent statements by politicians, the effects of global warming can be lessened by recycling.
•
It has been suggested that the only way to combat global warming is to recycle.
•
It is worth noting that a few simple recycling habits can have a significant impact on global warming.
5
Imagine you are a president elect's foreign policy advisor and you are reviewing his proposed inauguration speech. Although the speech has to serve many different purposes for the new president and the White House, your priority is addressing an increasing threat of conflict with Russia that has been covered by the national and international media due to recent diplomatic moves by the outgoing president.
Which approach to ordering the speech would best suit your purpose?
•
Importance patterns
•
Stock issues
•
Spatial patterns
•
Topical
6
Which of the following is not a function of the conclusion?
•
To summarize your main points
•
To motivate your audience to engage in action
•
To make one last argument that your audience has not yet heard
•
To refocus your audience's mind back to the overall purpose of your speech
7
Pamela is about to deliver a persuasive speech about why the senior class should elect her as President. She begins by stating that anyone who supports her opponent wants the school's athletic teams to be completely de-funded.
This logical fallacy is best described as (A).
A
a straw man a red herring bandwagon appeal card-stacking
8
Which of the following actions would not lessen the credibility of a speech?
•
Making up data and stating that it had been taken from a scholarly article
•
Claiming the words of someone else as your own
•
Using the words of someone else, but giving them credit
•
Using the words of someone else without citation
9
In your conclusion, it is important to reiterate your main points, and to signal to your audience that you are ending your speech. Doing so prevents (A) in your audience.
A
skepticism confusion lack of interest anger
10
Dr. Barton is on the board of a homeless shelter for women and children. She is giving a speech at a banquet for the medical profession aimed at raising money for local charities.
Select the introduction that engages the audience effectively.
•
It’s 10 degrees tonight. I was cold just running from my car to this building. Would you rather sleep outside with your children tonight or risk your cousin assaulting you and your daughter? I know a woman making that choice tonight because the Oxford St. shelter doesn’t have enough beds for her. We need to expand their capacity and as a board member, I’d like to tell you why their work is so vital.
•
I am going to speak to you about homelessness in our city. I have been a practicing emergency room doctor for 10 years and have participated in dozens of respected research studies on the effects of homelessness on the health of mothers and children. Our services are overstretched and need your help.
•
Tonight I am going to explain about the Oxford Street Shelter for Women and Children. I am a board member and am here to explain how detrimental homelessness is to the health of mothers and their children. The health outcomes can be both acute and chronic and leave the children far behind their peers in developmental standards.
•
The Oxford Street shelter provides temporary accommodation for 20 women and their children on any given night. They are in a crowded and poorly maintained building because they have to choose between maintenance, renovation, or expansion and helping fewer women each night.
11
Which of the following is NOT a good example of using transitions with body language?
•
Shaking your head when discussing a disappointing fact.
•
Gesturing with one hand, and then another, when discussing two opposing viewpoints.
•
Taking a few steps as you transition to your second point.
•
Using your finger to point at audience members.
12
Which of the following statements is a formal fallacy?
•
"If tomatoes are red and stop signs are red, then tomatoes must be stop signs."
•
“Everyone knows that brown rice is better than white rice.”
•
“If there is ice in the freezer, then my ice cream hasn’t melted yet.”
•
“How could you know anything about football? You’re a girl.”
13
The Asian American Society of Political Scientists is hosting an awards banquet and asked Lisa to present the “Newcomer of the Year” category.
Select the correct answer that completes the sentence and correctly describes the importance of language and delivery.
Lisa focuses on improving her word choice and delivery because:
•
Her pitch inflection tends to be monotone, which makes her message less interesting and exciting.
•
She wants to use sophisticated vocabulary that demonstrates her intelligence and education.
•
She wants to vary her pitch as much as possible.
•
Word choice matters much more than nonverbal communication to the audience.
14
Jeremy is a local celebrity who has been asked to help the local public broadcasters in a telethon to raise money for their programming.
Which of the following is an example of an effective emotional appeal?
•
Jeremy interviews a local mother of three young children who caught her cancer in time to treat it after listening to awareness raising series on the radio station.
•
Jeremy stresses the value of money in public programming compared with the outrageous costs associated with advertising on other channels.
•
Jeremy can’t stop crying about the story of a rescued dog that he heard on the station.
•
Jeremy explains how much money the telethon raised last year.
15
Which of the following is not a good reason to outline?
•
Audiences often ask to see the speech in written form.
•
Outlining helps you to present your material in a logical form.
•
Outlining helps to ensure that you construct an ordered overview of your speech.
•
Outlines aid in the clear delivery of your speech.
16
Select the example that describes the use of appropriate directness in a speech.
•
Presenting inspiring material directly, without distraction
•
Speaking loudly and forcefully from start to finish
•
Frequently using forceful gestures to emphasize a point
•
Threatening the audience with possible consequences of beliefs that don’t align with your presentation
17
Justin’s neighborhood association has asked him to speak in front of the zoning board regarding city development plans in their area. Justin is a real estate agent who sells investment property in the area, as well as a resident.
Which of the following techniques is ineffective for gaining credibility and authority?
•
Justin speaks loudly and clearly when he introduces himself as a concerned resident of the neighborhood. He summarizes his past activity with the neighborhood association and his relationship with local businesses.
•
Justin avoids eye contact with the board so that they don't feel intimidated. He also doesn’t want to take away from the neighborhood’s statement so he doesn’t mention his relationship with real estate investors.
•
Justin comes from a work meeting and keeps his tie on but takes off his suit jacket. He explains that he works closely with possible investors and has seen the benefits from zoning decisions in the past.
•
Justin explains that the neighborhood association asked him to come and speak today. He tells the zoning board that they share a common goal of making the city a great place to live and work.
18
LaDawn needs to convince a group of reluctant parents from her son’s school to form a fundraising committee. First, she needs to convince them that the school’s computers and software need updating and that they will have to raise the money themselves. This will be the first time anyone has done fundraising in the school.
Select the statement that is NOT a realistic expectation for her persuasive speech.
•
LaDawn should expect that her audience will want to keep their cognitive equilibrium, according to cognitive dissonance theory.
•
LaDawn can expect that her speech will change most parents’ minds and they will join her group.
•
LaDawn should expect that the perceived usefulness of her information will help to counteract selective exposure.
•
LaDawn should assume her audience will ignore the parts of the speech that they disagree with and focus only on the parts that confirm the argument that fundraising is impossible.
19
John is new to his technology company and while he has years of HR experience, he has no tech company experience. He is asked to give a presentation on changes to working patterns designed to improve program testing speeds. He wants to build credibility before and during his speech.
Since John is new to the tech industry and relatively unknown to his co-workers, it will be difficult for him to use (A) to appeal to his audience, but he can demonstrate respect for his audience to build credibility.
A
pathos credibility by association credibility from training ethos
20
Which of the following series of words represents the TARES test — a means to determine whether a persuasive speech is ethical?
•
Tact, Audacity, Reputation, Employability
•
Truthfulness, Authenticity, Respect, Equity
•
Tenderness, Accuracy, Reasoning, Excellence
•
Trepidation, Accuracy, Reality, Energy
21
George is presenting his research to his department. He has just completed his PhD research, which he thinks proves that families that cook meat at home five times per week have the same health as those that eat meat from fast food restaurants five times per week. He believes that eating meat is unhealthy regardless of the source and he has ideas for improving nutritional education. But his reasoning may not be sound.
Which question below will help George deploy sound deductive reasoning?
•
Did George take enough time to make significant observations?
•
Is there evidence that suggests that George’s premise (that eating meat is bad for you) is not true?
•
Has George collected enough evidence to draw a highly probable conclusion?
•
Is the statistical data that George collected from outside sources considered unbiased?
22
“As you can see, the myriad of health benefits makes seeing your pediatrician regularly a no-brainer.”
This portion of Janet’s speech on the importance of regular pediatric visits would work best as part of the (A) of her speech.
A
Introduction Source Citation Thesis Statement Conclusion
23
To complete her assignment, Michelle will make a persuasive speech to her biology class. She has decided to deliver a speech urging the class to believe that Bigfoot exists.
Michelle's speech is best defined as a persuasive speech on (A) .
A
Questions of Value Questions of Policy Questions of Fact Questions of Credibility
24
Select the speech whose goal is to inform, rather than persuade.
•
Teach an audience about the history of dairy production in the United States
•
Encourage the members of a community to invest in a public park for the local children
•
Use key facts on pesticides to convince farmers to try a new method of pest control
•
Make an audience believe that classical music has influenced all music types
25
Kai is afraid his speech on the importance of genetic testing could be too abstract for his audience of public health nurses.
Which of his talking points is NOT abstract?
•
Dangerous diseases
•
Fearful patients
•
Prenatal blood screening
•
Important tests