SmartExpert
$30/per page/Negotiable
ENV 101 Environmental Unit 1 Challenges Science Sophia Course
Click below link for Answer
Gus has collected some graphs that show trends in human population growth. Different types of graphs have different purposes and display data in different ways.
Match the example of the graph with the explanation of its type and purpose.
If we maintain exponential growth, the 2050 population will be (A) 10 billion .
If we dramatically slow growth, the 2050 population will be (B) 7.4 billion .
If the present rate of slowing growth is maintained, the 2050 population will be (A) 8.9 billion .
If we dramatically slow growth, the 2050 population will be (B) 7.4 billion
Help Shawn understand the differences between environmentalism and environmental science.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
environmentalism environmental science both
takes an unbiased approach to studying the natural world
offers recommendations on how humans ought to behave, given ethical considerations
studies the impact of human behavior on the environment
Identify the 2 statements that do NOT correctly describe technological advancements that led to population growth during the Green Revolution and the Industrial Revolution.
Cities increased in size.
New forms of transportation increased mobility.
Factory working conditions improved.
Cities created better energy systems.
Infant mortality rates decreased.
Emergency medicine improved, raising life expectancies.
Help Shawn understand the differences between environmentalism and environmental science.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
environmentalism environmental science both
focuses on the relationship between humans and the rest of the natural world
presents factual information in an academic context
addresses questions of ethical behavior
Choose two biotic elements in the image.
people
clouds
trees
sand
water
sunlight
Classify the following events as being related to the earth's atmosphere before or after life began to form.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
before life after life
There was no free oxygen in the atmosphere.
UV radiation and lightning provided energy for molecular formation.
Photosynthesis created an oxygen-rich atmosphere.
Classify the following events as being related to the earth's atmosphere before or after life began to form.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
before life after life
Photosynthesis created levels of oxygen toxic for some organisms.
UV radiation turned atmospheric oxygen into the ozone layer.
Intense volcanic activity and meteorite strikes were common.
Help Gus by ordering the rest of the steps, starting with the earliest ending at the latest.
1.c. UV radiation and a watery environment helped inorganic molecules form into more complex organic molecules.
2.d. Prokaryotes formed from membrane-bound organisms.
3.a. Prokaryotic cells developed the ability to metabolize.
4.b. Photosynthesis created oxygen in the atmosphere, supporting some forms of life but acting as a toxin to others.
5.e. Symbiotic relationship between eukaryotes began to develop.
a. Prokaryotic cells developed the ability to metabolize.
b. Photosynthesis created oxygen in the atmosphere, supporting some forms of life but acting as a toxin to others.
c. UV radiation and a watery environment helped inorganic molecules form into more complex organic molecules.
d. Prokaryotes formed from membrane-bound organisms.
e. Symbiotic relationship between eukaryotes began to develop.
As the three sat together, Lauren pointed out some of the ways that the graphs were misleading. Select two features in the graph that are misleading.
The legend is misleading.
The x-axis has gaps in scale.
Data is obscured.
The data points aren't clearly labeled.
The title introduces bias.
The y-axis doesn't have even intervals.
Categorize each quotation below according to its likely source.
politician
media representative
scientist
A.
"Climate change is a global concern. But what you might not know about it will surprise you."
B.
"Burning fossil fuels and clearing land of biomass disrupt the balance of the carbon cycle."
C.
“Overpopulation is a global problem and we need firm policies in place to address it.”
D.
"Protesting against the construction of these high-rise apartments is an effective strategy."
Lauren's final comment references the idea of sustainability. Evaluate each statement about the sustainability movement to determine whether it is "true" or "false."
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
true false
Sustainability is concerned with managing human population growth.
Industries may be resistant to making changes to become more sustainable.
Sustainability is concerned with harvesting natural resources more quickly.
Choose two reasons from those below that explain why scientific literacy is an important skill.
The ability to understand software and computer programming is critical in today’s technological world.
Scientific literacy makes one less likely to notice bias.
Scientific literacy allows an observer to be more biased.
Scientific literacy involves critical thinking skills, which make it easier to separate facts from non-facts.
The ability to understand scientific information makes it possible to have informed opinions about important topics.
Scientific information is only communicated through scholarly journals, which are full of formal language.
Place the activities in the order Jenner would follow according to the scientific method.
1.c. He wonders why people who have had cowpox do not seem to be vulnerable to smallpox.
2.d. He hypothesizes that a person infected with cowpox will not become ill with smallpox.
3.a. He infects a person with cowpox and then infects that person with smallpox.
4.b. He determines that infecting a person with cowpox protects that person from getting smallpox.
a. He infects a person with cowpox and then infects that person with smallpox.
b. He determines that infecting a person with cowpox protects that person from getting smallpox.
c. He wonders why people who have had cowpox do not seem to be vulnerable to smallpox.
d. He hypothesizes that a person infected with cowpox will not become ill with smallpox.
Match each environmentalist with his or her contribution to environmentalism.
Gifford Pinchot
Rachel Carson
Thomas Malthus
A.
Warned of human overpopulation leading to famine and disease
B.
Inspired a national environmental movement in the US
C.
Called for the establishment of wildlife areas
D.
Served as the first chief of the US Forest System
Match each event to the correct time in which it occurred, according to the one-year calendar model of Earth's history.
the Big Bang occurred
modern humans first appeared
the solar system was created
A. December 31
B. January 1
C. September
D. August
Select two challenges for plant and animal life adapting to land.
Adjusting to decreased effects of gravity on land
Reproducing outside of a water environment
Receiving enough radiation to maintain temperature
Remaining dry away from a water environment
Moving around without water for transportation
Absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
According to the fossil record, there have been five major extinction periods in Earth’s history. Select “Yes” if the item was a likely cause of a major extinction event, and “No” if it was not.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer Yes No
Melting glaciers
Asteroid impact
Rising radiation levels
Select the true statement about human population growth.
The population tripled over the course of 127 years.
The Industrial Revolution was the beginning of a steady decline in the population.
The population rose by 1 billion between 1999 and 2012.
The population remained constant between 1999 and 2012.
The population was at its highest in 1999.
The development of agriculture slowed down population growth.
Match the environmental effect with the impact of human population growth that causes it.
Air pollution and climate change
Habitat degradation and loss of ecosystems
Contaminated groundwater
A.
Increased need for oxygen
B.
Increased need for water
C.
Increased need for land
D.
Increased need for energy
Ecosystem (A) services are the benefits that ecosystems provide for humans. Many scientists believe that humans are currently causing a Sixth Extinction that is resulting in a decrease in (B) biodiversity , or the variety of plant and animal species
Match each environmental ethics approach below to its corresponding example.
Anthropocentric
Biocentric
Ecocentric
A.
Cattle should not be consumed because they are living creatures.
B.
Factory farms provide human nutrition and impact the environment.
C.
Cattle farms are important because humans consume cattle for nutrition.
D.
Factory farms should be banned because they are harmful to the environment.
Select TWO statements that are associated with the sixth extinction.
Over half of all life on Earth has gone extinct after an asteroid hit the planet.
As many as one million species of plants and animals have gone extinct within the last 12,000 years.
Human activities are contributing to the extinction of approximately 140,000 species per year.
The human population began to grow significantly only after this extinction event occurred.
The melting of glaciers has killed almost two-thirds of all aquatic life on Earth.
Smoke from volcanic eruptions and fires is preventing sunlight from reaching the Earth, killing many plants and animals.
Select the two statements below that are NOT true about continental drift.
About 250 million years ago, the continents were merged together into one super continent.
Continents are the surface parts of larger tectonic plates.
Tectonic plates can push, pull, slide, or go under one another.
The movement of plates has reduced over time and will eventually cease.
The separation of the continents was generally harmful to biodiversity.
Plates have always been in motion and still are in motion.
Place each example below in its proper ecosystem services category.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Regulating Cultural Supporting
Wetlands soak up flood water
Green space within a city
Habitats for migratory species
Scientists theorize that massive asteroids hitting Earth contributed to several past extinctions. Choose two results of asteroid impacts that scientists have NOT linked to extinctions.
Tidal waves
Massive floods
Supernova
Severe storms
Volcanic eruptions
Fires
Choose two components that are missing from the graph.
Title
The y-axis label
The x-axis label
Data
Scale
Units
Match the environmental action to the group most likely to take that action.
A department enforces air quality standards on local businesses
Citizens vote for a political candidate who supports green energy
A group advocates for protection of an endangered species
A.
The public
B.
Non-profit organization
C.
Scientists
D.
A government agency
Air pollution has many levels of impact on the environment. Match each level of impact below with its corresponding example.
Individual
Regional
Global
A.
Combination of sulfur dioxide and water in the air
B.
Aggravated asthma in infants
C.
Climate change
D.
Corrosion of buildings and monuments
Classify each of the following statements as a physical law, a scientific theory, or a non-scientific theory.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Physical Law Scientific Theory Non-Scientific Theory
Herbal supplements cure disease.
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
A “big bang” created the universe.
Choose two topics that were NOT areas of discussion relative to sustainability in the Brundtland Report.
Use of resources
Economic policy
Loss of species
Food security
Overpopulation
Transportation
(A) Ecocentrism refers to the ethical position that we should improve the environment for the sake of the environment itself, while (B) biocentrism holds the ethical position that we should improve the environment primarily for all living beings.
Choose two abiotic elements in the image.
grass
tree
rock
plants
moss
water
Choose two skills associated with scientific literacy.
Interpreting media speculations about science
The ability to criticize scientific theories
Having opinions about scientific issues
Recognizing biased or subjective statements
An increased exposure to scientific literature
The ability to separate facts from non-facts
Place the activities in the order Fleming would follow according to the scientific method.
1.a. He wonders if there is a causal relationship between the mold and the disappearance of the bacteria.
2.b. He hypothesizes that if bacteria are exposed to a certain kind of mold, the bacteria will die.
3.d. He introduces liquid mold to some bacteria cultures and no mold to others.
4.c. He determines that penicillin (from mold) can be used to treat bacterial infections.
5.a. He wonders if there is a causal relationship between the mold and the disappearance of the bacteria.
6.b. He hypothesizes that if bacteria are exposed to a certain kind of mold, the bacteria will die.
7.c. He determines that penicillin (from mold) can be used to treat bacterial infections.
8.d. He introduces liquid mold to some bacteria cultures and no mold to others.
Match each contribution or accomplishment below to the environmentalist who achieved it.
Co-founded a conservation organization
Warned of the perils of overpopulation on the planet
Revealed the harmful effects of agricultural pesticides
A.
Rachel Carson
B.
E.O. Wilson
C.
John Muir
D.
Thomas Malthus
Select two other major challenges for plant and animal life adapting to live on land from the choices below.
Increased effects of gravity
Increased salinity
Radiation from the sun
Carbon dioxide
Excess ozone
Cloud cover
According to the fossil record, there have been five major extinction periods in Earth’s history. Select “Yes” if the item was a likely cause of a major extinction event, and “No” if it was not.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Yes No
Increased ozone levels
Tidal waves and storms
Asteroid impact
Match the impacts of human population growth with their effects on the environment.
Deforestation
Increased demand for energy
Water needs
A.
Atmospheric pollution and climate change
B.
Ocean pollution
C.
Loss of woodland ecosystems
D.
Over-reliance on dams
Ecosystem (A) services are the benefits that ecosystems provide for humans. Many scientists believe that humans are currently causing a Sixth Extinction that is resulting in a decrease in (B) biodiversity , or the variety of plant and animal species.
Which two statements are NOT associated with the sixth extinction?
Over-cultivation, habitat destruction, and pollution are among the causes of the sixth extinction.
Human population growth and activity are accelerating the rate at which species become extinct.
Less than 30% of the world’s plant and animal species will be extinct by 2050.
As much as 50% of the world’s plant and animal species will be extinct by 2050.
The sixth extinction is occurring much more slowly than previous extinction events.
As many as one million species have gone extinct during the Holocene period.
Choose two statements about tectonic plates and continental drift that are NOT true.
Continental drift led to an increase in biodiversity.
Continental drift occurs when tectonic plates stop moving.
Tectonic plates float on the Earth’s molten core.
Earthquakes are the result of tectonic plates rubbing against each other.
When tectonic plates push together, volcanoes are formed.
Continents are the surface parts of tectonic plates.
Air pollution from a long-term volcanic eruption on one of the Hawaiian islands impacts the environment in many ways. Match each level of impact with its example.
Individual
Regional
Global
A.
Tradewinds carry aerosol clouds and smog to other islands.
B.
Farmers’ fields are covered in lava and ash.
C.
Particulate matter worsens respiratory ailments.
D.
Ash and gases decrease sunlight reaching Earth.
Classify each of the following statements as a physical law, a scientific theory, or a non-scientific theory.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Physical Law Scientific Theory Non-Scientific Theory
Some diseases are caused by microorganisms.
Climate change will cause human extinction.
An object in motion stays in motion.
Choose two topics that were NOT areas of discussion relative to sustainability in the Brundtland Report.
Safe water
Sustainable population
Pollution from industry
Human settlements
Epidemics
Access to food
The ethical position that focuses on improving the environment for the sake of humans is called (A) anthropocentrism and the ethical position that focuses on improving the environment for all living beings is called (B) biocentrism
Help Gus and Shawn by ordering the rest of the steps, starting with the earliest and ending at the latest.
1.b. Membrane-bound organisms developed the ability to replicate.
2.a. Prokaryotes developed the ability to metabolize.
3.e. Photosynthesis led to the production of oxygen.
4.c. Symbiotic relationships between cells began to develop.
5.d. Eukaryotes led to multicellularity.
a. Prokaryotes developed the ability to metabolize.
b. Membrane-bound organisms developed the ability to replicate.
c. Symbiotic relationships between cells began to develop.
d. Eukaryotes led to multicellularity.
e. Photosynthesis led to the production of oxygen.
Categorize each quotation by its likely source.
scientist
politician
media representative
A.
“What does the future hold for communities with threatened water supplies?”
B.
“Green energy is our nation’s future, and I will work on devoting resources to its development.”
C.
"New evidence regarding the potential of green energy must be subject to peer review."
D.
"Hiring experts to study the environmental impacts of our work is sound business strategy."
Match each event to the correct time in which it occurred.
Life appears on Earth
The solar system comes into existence
Homo sapiens appear on Earth
A.
approximately 4.5 billion years ago
B.
approximately 13.8 billion years ago
C.
approximately 200,000 years ago
D.
approximately 3.8 billion years ago
According to the fossil record, there have been five major extinction periods in Earth’s history. Select “Yes” if the item was a likely cause of a major extinction event, and “No” if it was not.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer Yes No
A supernova
Rising CO2 levels
Volcanic eruptions
The number of species and their abundance, known as (A) biodiversity , are very important for a healthy environment. The benefits that these environments can provide to humans is called (B) ecosystem services
Match each environmental ethics approach to its example.
Anthropocentric
Biocentric
Ecocentric
A.
Aldo Leopold believed that humans should co-exist with nature, not try to conquer it
B.
Gilbert eats plants, dairy products, and fish, but he doesn’t eat meat.
C.
Arthur cuts down trees to build a log cabin for weekend retreats
D.
Felix feels the same moral responsibility for his neighbors as he does his pets
Place each example below in its proper ecosystem services category.
= Correct Answer
= Incorrect Answer
Provisioning Regulating Cultural
Gasoline
Tourism
Pollination
Choose two phenomena that scientists have NOT included in their speculations about what caused the five major extinctions from those below.
Volcanoes
Flooding
Radiation
Carbon dioxide levels
Asteroids
Supernova
Match each environmental action below to the group most likely to take that action.
Predict the recovery time for Great Lakes forest ecosystem.
Protest a new housing development because it will destroy a community garden.
Hire a zoologist to study environmental impact of a new manufacturing plant on local wildlife.
A.
The public
B.
Non-profit organization
C.
Scientists
D.
Private industry
Environmental (A) ethics refers to the moral principles concerning the relationship between humans and the environment. Environmental (B) stewardship refers to humans taking action to protect the environment based on their own beliefs.