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Category > Science Posted 06 Jun 2020 My Price 15.00

ENV 101 Environmental Unit 3 Challenges Science Sophia Course

ENV 101 Environmental Unit 3 Challenges Science Sophia Course

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The standard of living in the United States requires (A) five hectares per person, which is equivalent to a little more than (B) nine football fields.

The amount of land area and natural resources required to sustain an individual is called (A) an ecological footprint . In the United States, the standard of living requires about five hectares per person. If every person on Earth required five hectares to live, we would need (B) three Earths to sustain the current population.

The measure of the amount of natural resources required to sustain an individual or a population is called (A) an ecological footprint , which is expressed in terms of land area needed by using (B) hectares as a unit of measurement.

Select the two options that are NOT possible results of human population growth.



Earthquakes and tectonic plate shifting



Loss of forests



Air and water pollution



Climate change



Extinction of species



Increased biodiversity

True False

Pressure to feed humans has resulted in a 50% expansion in the world’s forests.

Approximately 200,000 people are added to the earth each day.

Advances in farming and technology is decreasing the pressure to feed the existing human population.

Choose two statements about meat as a food source that are false.



US citizens eat almost 30 times as much meat as Indian citizens eat.



Most meat is consumed in developed countries.



Of the grain grown in the United States, 90% is used to feed animals.



Examples of domesticated meat sources include cattle, pigs, and chickens.



The majority of the world population eats domesticated livestock.



Fish farming is not considered to be a part of agriculture.

Which two items are NOT subsistence crops?



Cotton



Coffee



Rice



Wheat



Potatoes



Corn

A famine is defined as an insufficient food supply in a specific area. Of the following, choose two that do NOT directly contribute to famine.

Demand exceeding supply

Rapid population growth

Mechanization of farming

Fertilizer use

Extended drought

Pest invasion

As much as (A) 25 percent of the world’s population does not get enough food or does not get enough of the right kinds of food to eat. However, every region of the world has different challenges to overcome to provide nutritious food for its people. (B) Economic factors, such as costs, help explain why many malnourished and undernourished people live in parts of Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Select the pair of pie charts that accurately displays the percentages of sea water and fresh water on Earth AND the percentage of fresh water that is easily accessible.

Classify the factors below as occurring in developed countries or developing countries.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Developed Countries Developing Countries

Contain the most people

Consume the most water resources per capita

Experience the most malnutrition and undernourishment

Classify each example of environmental degradation with its most likely cause.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

CO2 emissions Deforestation

Nearly 50% of the world's original tree cover has been destroyed.

Air pollution is contributing to an increase in the overall temperature of Earth.

Global climate change is contributing to rising sea levels, flooding, and drought.

Classify each example of environmental degradation with its most likely cause.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Agriculture CO2 emissions

Contamination of a region’s freshwater supply.

Increase in surface temperatures across the earth.

Growing amount of solid waste in a nearby landfill.

Which pie chart below correctly represents fresh water distribution?

Rate the following statements as True or False.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

True False

It is possible for groundwater to recharge through rainfall.

Water from underground provides most of the fresh drinking water for humans.

Humans access groundwater by creating aquifers.

Classify the activities below as characteristic of an agroecosystem or a natural ecosystem.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Agroecosystem Natural Ecosystem

Allows a progression of multiple species

Promotes monoculture

Promotes ecological succession

Place the stages of the cycle of fertilizer overuse below in the correct order.

1.c. Monoculture depletes soil nutrients.

2.d. Farmers add fertilizer to the soil.

3.b. Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff reaches waterways.

4.a. Fish die due to toxins and lack of oxygen in the water.

a. Fish die due to toxins and lack of oxygen in the water.

b. Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff reaches waterways.

c. Monoculture depletes soil nutrients.

d. Farmers add fertilizer to the soil.

Select two reasons for using pesticides on croplands that are FALSE.



Pesticides kill pests that carry disease.



Using pesticides helps increase crop yields.



Pesticides kill pests that damage the appearance of crops.



Using pesticides helps reduce a farm's need for labor.



Pesticides help replace valuable nutrients in the soil.



Pesticides help to increase crop variety.

Pair each type of agriculture with its key component.

Organic

Sustainable

Regenerative

A.

Focuses on agricultural methods that do not use technology

B.

Uses natural ecological services to replenish natural resources

C.

Uses agricultural resources without degrading them

D.

Focuses on maintaining soil quality

Classify each statement below as to whether it impacts water supply or water demand.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Water Supply Water Demand

Increasing population creates greater water consumption

The amount of contaminated water is growing

Technology and industry are using more water

Match the agency or act with its action or authority.

Environmental Protection Agency

Army Corps of Engineers

1987 Clean Water Act amendments

A.

Has the authority to issue permits that impact wetlands

B.

Sets water pollution limits on industry

C.

Protects navigation of all waterways in the United States

D.

Requires states to address non-point source pollution

Which two statements about the impacts of water pollution are false?



Water pollution alters natural ecosystems.



Water pollution contributes to climate change.



Air quality is often affected when water is polluted.



Water pollution can kill organisms or otherwise disrupt their life cycles.



Unclean water poses risks to human health.



Humans have less uncontaminated water available.

Correct!

Classify each statement below as to whether it impacts water supply or water demand.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Water Supply Water Demand

Increased waste of water

More households and industries are using fresh water

Reduction in aquifer water levels

Match each part of the Clean Water Act with its corresponding focus.

Clean Water Act (1972)

Clean Water Act amendments (1987)

Section 404 of Clean Water Act

A.

digging and filling of navigable rivers

B.

non-point source pollution

C.

permits for wetlands development

D.

point-source pollution

Which two statements below about efforts to address water pollution in the United States are true?

The Clean Water Act of 1972 allowed only waste approved by the US Army Corps of Engineers to be discharged into waterways.

The most polluted water bodies have seen little improvement.

The EPA continues to set water pollution limits on industries.

Treatment plants for sewage have eliminated water pollution in rivers.

Almost 50% of waterways in the US are now considered clean.

The availability of groundwater has increased due to anti-pollution actions.

Choose the two items that do NOT contribute to non-point source water pollution.



Runoff from concrete and asphalt surfaces



Waste water treatment plants



Chemicals and heavy metals from mining operations



Underground storage tanks



Eroded soil from construction sites



Pesticide and fertilizer overflow

Select two FALSE statements regarding the negative impacts of human solid waste disposal.



Landfills are a major source of methane production.



Weather patterns shift with changes to the atmosphere.



Recycling and reusing programs are gaining popularity.



Air pollution from combustion can adversely affect human health.



Contaminants from waste seep into the water supply.



Burned waste releases particulate matter into the air.

Choose two arguments for the removal of dams.



A natural flooding cycle will return nutrients to the land.



Dam removal will contribute to a decrease in local water supplies.



The region’s growing population is placing an increased demand on water supplies.



Dam removal will result in an increase in hydroelectric power in the short term.



We must restore water flow to improve animal habitat and promote biodiversity.



Biodiversity will decrease upon a dam’s removal, but species will soon return.

Classify the following as a cause or consequence of urban sprawl.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Cause Consequence

One million acres of rural land is lost to urban development every year.

The federal government taxes gasoline to subsidize road construction.

Water pollution and runoff from paved surfaces increases.

Determine if the following statements about urban sprawl are True or False.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

True False

Water and air pollution are notable environmental consequences of urban sprawl.

Urban sprawl involves the redevelopment of other urban areas.

Increased hazardous waste is among the most important results of urban sprawl.

Determine if the following statements about urban sprawl are True or False.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

True False

Vice president Al Gore was not concerned with urban sprawl during the 1990s.

Increased crime in underpopulated inner cities is one consequence of urban sprawl.

Urban sprawl involves the expansion of city development on agricultural lands.

State and local governments address urban sprawl through regulations, such as (A) establishing green zones , which create parks and community gardens. They also provide market incentives, such as (B) issuing tax breaks , to encourage companies to build new, green developments.

Classify the following as a cause or consequence of urban sprawl.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Cause Consequence

The federal government implements loans and policies to make suburban homes more affordab

Many middle and upper class families desire to move to the suburbs following World War II.

Social equity decreases and poverty is concentrated in urban centers.

Federal, state, and local governments are attempting to address urban sprawl in two main ways. (A) Regulations , such as zoning requirements, determine how certain lands can be developed, while (B) market incentives , such as subsidies, can entice private developers to re-purpose existing urban properties.

Which two options do NOT address urban sprawl?



Cities are promoting urban revitalization.



Brownfields are being cleaned up and reused.



Parking lots are being built.



Private investors are funding new development.



Mass transit options are being expanded.



Living space is being increased in city centers

Green space is increasing in cities in the United States. There are over one million acres of (A) parklands today, and both public and private funds are targeted at cleaning up (B) brownfields , which are lands that have been polluted by prior use.

From the options below, choose two ineffective examples of city governments attempting to address urban sprawl.



Providing funds to banks to finance private housing developers



Providing tax breaks for new businesses that agree to build on vacant lots within city limits



Improving the city's mass transit system



Encouraging citizens to recycle and compost



Not allowing green areas or parks to be re-zoned for business or housing



Placing a boundary that prevents suburbs from growing in ever-widening circles around the city

Match each characteristic of hazardous waste with its definition.

Corrosivity

Reactivity

Ignitability

A.

Waste that can spark and sustain combustion

B.

Waste that can explode or cause violent effects

C.

Acidic waste that can dissolve metal or other materials

D.

Waste that is likely to leach lethal chemicals into ground water

Select the two examples that are NOT ways in which hazardous wastes are released into the environment.



A neighbor's septic tank overflows



An oil pipeline leaks



Transporting vehicles get in an accident



Tanks holding chemicals catch on fire



Animal wastes seep into groundwater



A company engages in illegal dumping

Classify each example below as a point or non-point source of water pollution.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Point Source Non-Point Source

Rainwater that flows over driveways and lawns

Waste from a pulp and paper mill

Copper, zinc, and arsenic runoff from abandoned mines

Classify each example below as a point or non-point source of water pollution.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Point Source Non-Point Source

Use of fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides in agriculture

Animal waste treatment lagoons

Tanker oil spill in the ocean

Select two ineffective methods to dispose of hazardous waste.



Store the hazardous waste in permanent locations.



Ensure landfills can safely contain harmful substances.



Bury the waste in specifically designated areas.



Recycle hazardous materials for another constructive use.



Monitor waste disposal to discourage illegal dumping.



Treat the waste with chemicals, heat, or bacteria to reduce its potency.

Pair each hazardous waste characteristic below with its corresponding example

Toxicity

Corrosivity

Reactivity

A.

Sulfuric acid slowly erodes the metal container holding it and leaks out.

B.

An autobody shop stores waste oils in a barrel with a leak, which catches on fire when a cigarette is tossed nearby.

C.

Dry-cleaning chemicals leach into the water supply and are ingested, causing respiratory illness and death.

D.

Chlorine bleach and ammonia spill and mix together in the aisle of a grocery store, producing a poison gas.

Choose two false statements about water supply and demand.



The water cycle moves water through the environment, but the water supply is finite.



Water use has been growing at twice the rate of population growth.



Many major aquifers have reduced levels of available water.



Water demand is increasing because of human population growth.



Agriculture uses 90% of readily available fresh water.



The amount of available clean water is increasing due to technology.

Which two of the following are NOT considered hazardous waste under US law?

Industrial chemicals

Radioactive waste

Septic waste

Petroleum products

Cleaning solvents

Paint

Classify the following activities as examples of positive or negative methods of waste disposal.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Positive Negative

Megan uses an old newspaper to wrap her mother’s birthday gift.

Roger stores nuts, bolts, and other small objects in empty glass jars.

Betty throws away the plastic bags she carries home from the grocery store.

Rate the following statements as True or False.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

True False

Human population growth has been due largely to better medical care and technology.

Human overpopulation has increased demands for energy, water, food, and land resources.

Each year, 100 million people are added to the earth’s population.

Choose the two options that are NOT essential for food production.



Arable land



Precipitation



Genetically-modified organisms



Chemical fertilizers



Soil nutrients



Temperature

Classify the characteristics as reflective of developed countries or developing countries.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Developed Countries Developing Countries

Have limited purchasing power for imports

Leave a much larger ecological footprint

Use the majority of water

Classify the characteristics as reflective of developed countries or developing countries.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Developed Countries Developing Countries

Consume three-quarters of world's meat supply

Largest population growth

Require more land to live on

Correct!

Rate the following statements as True or False.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

True False

Chemical fertilizer runoff is a common source of groundwater contamination.

Humans can access water underground by creating aquifers.

Groundwater provides most of the drinking water consumed by humans.

Classify the activities below as characteristic of an agroecosystem or a natural ecosystem.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Agroecosystem Natural Ecosystem

Has low species diversity

Provides opportunities for new species

Reduces nutrients in the soil

Classify the activities below as characteristic of an agroecosystem or a natural ecosystem.

= Correct Answer

= Incorrect Answer

Agroecosystem Natural Ecosystem

Allows multiple species to exist

Maintains soil qualiity

Degrades water quality

Which two techniques below do NOT reduce pesticide use?



Use natural predators to eat the pests



Plant crops that attract pests away from the valuable crops



Plant only one type of crop to reduce the variety of pests



Treat the soil with atrazine to kill the pests



Introduce pheromones to prevent pest reproduction



Rotate crops to disrupt insect cycles

Pair each type of agriculture below with activities most likely associated with it.

Organic

Sustainable

Regenerative

A.

Practice no-till farming.

B.

Plant genetically modified seeds.

C.

Use natural pesticides and fertilizers.

D.

Form new topsoil.

Select two false statements about efforts to address water pollution in the United States.



The federal government sets water quality standards depending on use, such as the public water supply.



The Environmental Protection Agency sets water pollution limits on different industries.



Efforts to address non-point source pollution include technical assistance for landowners.



The government used the Refuse Act to sue industrial companies that were discharging pollutants.



Amendments to the Clean Water Act in 1987 required states to address non-point source pollution.



Dramatic environmental events in 1969 brought media coverage and political action.

Which two items contribute to point-source water pollution?



Runoff from concrete and asphalt surfaces



Chemicals and heavy metals from mining operations



Soil erosion from deforestation



Septic tanks



Pesticides and fertilizers from agriculture



Landfills

Which two items are NOT reasons why dams are built?



To improve biodiversity



To supply drinking water



To generate power



To furnish water for agriculture



To provide recreational opportunities



To increase native fish populations

As much as (A) 25 percent of the world’s population does not get enough food or does not get enough of the right kinds of food to eat. There is enough food produced in the world to properly nourish every inhabitant of the planet, but too often, (B) political factors such as war and costs interfere and prevent the distribution of this food.

Which two options below do not describe a negative impact of solid waste disposal?



Contributes to climate change



Contributes to acid rain



Decreases carbon dioxide in the atmosphere



Disrupts ecosystems



Causes groundwater contamination



Depletes land areas

Which two statements below about meat as a food source for humans are true?



It takes sixteen pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat.



Domesticated livestock is not an important food source for humans.



About half the grain grown in the United States is used for animal feed.



US citizens eat about 200 kg of meat per person each year.



More than twenty-five large animal species have been domesticated for meat.



Seventy-six percent of all meat is consumed in developed countries.

Correct!

Place the stages of the cycle of fertilizer overuse below in the correct order.

1.a. Corn monoculture deprives the soil of nitrogen.

2.c. A farmer adds nitrogen fertilizer to the soil.

3.b. Rainfall enables nitrogen to reach a waterway.

4.d. An algal bloom kills fish and contaminates the local water supply.

a. Corn monoculture deprives the soil of nitrogen.

b. Rainfall enables nitrogen to reach a waterway.

c. A farmer adds nitrogen fertilizer to the soil.

d. An algal bloom kills fish and contaminates the local water supply.

Answers

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Status NEW Posted 06 Jun 2020 04:06 PM My Price 15.00

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