SmartExpert
$30/per page/Negotiable
GRA-101 Basic Design and Color Theory Visual Communications Milestone 1 Answers
1
Which of the following statements appropriately analyzes how texture is seen in this image of a Belgian waffle?
Texture is seen in the organized arrangement of the squares of the waffle.
Texture is seen in the bumpy imperfections of exterior surface of the waffle.
Texture is seen in the repeating squares of the waffle.
2
Which of the following qualities are what make a form three-dimensional?
Shape, height, depth
Width, height, shape
Width, depth, shape
Width, height, and depth
3
Why is it important to understand the principles of design?
They are the building blocks of good design.
You can determine the effectiveness of the design based on the number of elements used.
You can identify the construction of a design so that you can critically evaluate its effectiveness.
·
It will help you to figure out how many elements are in the design.
RATIONALE
Different works of art and design will speak to different people, but it's good to be able to identify the components that make up great works of art in order to fully understand their construction.
CONCEPT
Principles Overview
4
What is the equation used by a montage to label images?
·
A divided by B equals C
·
A plus B equals AB
·
A minus B equals C
·
A plus B equals C
RATIONALE
A + B = C is the equation used to define montage theory. Image A, followed by image B induces a logical next thought represented by image C.
For example: image of a balloon (A) + image of a pin (B) = image of a startled person (C).
CONCEPT
Montage Theory
5
Which of the following is a description for electromagnetic radiation?
·
The color spectrum
·
The unit used to measure light
·
Light
·
Light with the shortest wavelength
RATIONALE
Electromagnetic radiation is another name for light - of which the human eye can only see a small portion called visible light or simply light. The color spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is able to be seen by the human eye. Light (always measured in hertz) with the shortest wavelengths are called gamma rays and invisible to the human eye.
CONCEPT
How We See
6
How can comparison to music help you to visualize rhythm in design?
·
Think of repeated visual elements as a beat in music.
·
Think of repeated elements as the quiet spaces in music.
·
Think of rhythm in design as a musical climax.
RATIONALE
When attempting to visualize rhythm in design, think of the repetition of a visual element as a beat in music.
CONCEPT
Rhythm
7
Which of the following key terms is a person using when he/she only sees an orange cat in a room full of cats?
·
Habituation
·
Expectation
·
Projection
·
Selectivity
RATIONALE
The person is filters out the other cats, and only focuses on what is relevant at the time, in this case, the orange cat.
CONCEPT
Cognitive Theory
8
Which of the following best defines visual communications?
·
A process by which an image sells an idea or message to an audience.
·
A process by which an image transmits a message to a receiver.
·
A process by which an image focuses on the viewer's personal interpretation and prior experience.
·
A process by which an image conveys an idea or message to an audience in order to inform, sell, persuade, educate or entertain.
RATIONALE
Visual communications is the umbrella term that encompasses the theories of the perceptual, sensory and transmission models. It is a process by which an image conveys an idea or message in order to inform, sell, persuade, educate or entertain an audience.
CONCEPT
Visual Communications
9
Which of the following best defines the line element in visual design?
·
Line is the use of movement that is defined by its length and direction.
·
Line is a design element that is not defined by its direction.
·
Line is a dynamic form defined by its length and direction.
·
Line is the use of dynamic energy defined by its thickness.
RATIONALE
Within the definition for line, there are a few other terms that define characteristics of line. Dynamic is energy with an effective action, and direction is the specific movement towards a point or destination.
CONCEPT
Line
10
Which of the following best defines emphasis?
·
Emphasis is the use of a prominent element or focal area in a design.
·
Emphasis is the use of different design principles in a design.
·
Emphasis is the use of different colors in a design.
·
Emphasis is the use of different design elements in a design.
RATIONALE
When proximity and contrast are used, a focal point is created which becomes emphasized.
CONCEPT
Emphasis
11
How is asymmetrical balance achieved in the painting below?
·
The artist shows similar objects mirrored across the painting.
·
The artist uses visual weight from the ducks opposite the people.
·
The artist uses a central focal point to create tension.
RATIONALE
In the painting, the artist uses smaller objects on one side (ducks) that are balanced by larger objects (people) on the other.
CONCEPT
Balance
12
Which of the following best defines space?
·
Space consists of lines.
·
Space is made up of neutral colors.
·
Space surrounds form and any other positive elements.
RATIONALE
Space can be made up of any color that separates it from the form it surrounds - and is not necessarily an empty or secondary area; it's in the background and can be considered a format by which we frame a design.
CONCEPT
Space
13
Which of the following best defines dot?
·
Dot uses different design elements to show meaning in a given space.
·
Dot is a cluster of points that anchors itself to any space.
·
Dot uses tension to anchor itself to any space.
·
Dot is a complex made of size and shape that anchors itself to any space.
RATIONALE
When a series of dots or elements are grouped closely together, it is called a cluster. Tension can then be created between the dots, if one or several are moved closer than others.
CONCEPT
Dot
14
How does proportion help viewers to identify the scale of the building in the image?
·
When compared to the sidewalk, the size of the statues near the entrance gives viewers a sense of how large the building is.
·
The size of the flag atop the building, compared to the size of the windows on the building, gives viewers a sense of how large the building is.
·
The size of the bushes can be compared to the size of the building, giving a sense of scale to both the bushes and the building.
RATIONALE
By comparing the size of the bushes in the foreground to the size of the bushes closer to the building, one gets a sense of how large the building is, relative to the bushes. This provides a sense of scale to both the bushes and the building.
15
Why are the trees in the foreground the focal point of this image?
·
Because they are not centered in the image.
·
Because they are in high contrast to the rest of the image.
·
Because they are presented in black and white.
·
Because they are in low contrast to the background.
RATIONALE
The trees create a focal point, based on the high contrast between the white snow and the trees in the foreground, against the foggy background.
CONCEPT
Contrast
16
Which question reflects the consideration of proximity in visual design?
·
Should the focal point be in the center?
·
When and how should I group elements?
·
Should the space be high or low contrast?
RATIONALE
When using proximity, it is important to know how, when, and when not to group elements.
CONCEPT
Proximity
17
Who is Paul Lester?
·
A visual communications theorist whose work created the Omniphasism Model.
·
A visual communications theorist who developed the practice of incorporating the best methods from previous theories.
·
A visual communications theorist who placed value on studying the complete range of media production techniques.
·
A visual communications theorist whose credo was "The more you see, the more you know".
RATIONALE
Aldous Huxley developed the credo "The more you see, the more you know", while Omniphasism is the theory that combines the best thinking from previous theories.
CONCEPT
Other Theories
18
Select the option below that is one of the 7 hues of visible light.
·
Black
·
Beige
·
Violet
·
White
RATIONALE
The seven hues of visible light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. These hues are arranged on the spectrum by wavelength.
CONCEPT
Color
19
Which statement describes how unity is shown in this painting?
·
The flow of the body angles
·
The contrast between light and dark
·
The emphasis in the brush strokes
·
The large amount of negative space
RATIONALE
Unity is best shown in this painting by the flow of the body angles. The complementing angles of the arms, legs and head create a reverse "S" flow that links the elements of the composition.
CONCEPT
Unity
20
Which of the statements below best describes the Gestalt Law of Common Fate?
·
Items that are lined up seem like a group, even if they have missing parts.
·
Items that move in the same direction seem like a group.
·
Items that look alike seem like a group.
·
Items that are close together seem like a group.
RATIONALE
Your eye will naturally group elements that appear to be moving in a similar direction towards a common end point, or fate.
CONCEPT
Gestalt Theory
21
Which element is featured most prominently in this image?
·
Shape
·
Line
·
Form
RATIONALE
Form is the most prominently featured element in this image. The combination of colors and values create three-dimensional forms that overlap, creating a sense of volume by its width, height and depth. Shapes are two-dimensional "flat" elements that lack depth. Lines are elements that are defined by their direction and length, but lack depth.
CONCEPT
Elements in Context
22
Which statement regarding the most prominent design principle in this painting is true?
·
Balance is most apparent because the farmhouse centers the piece, while the two figures balance each side.
·
Emphasis is most apparent because the pitchfork is a central element in the piece.
·
Contrast is most apparent, due to the contrast between the colors of the farmhouse and sky (i.e., white and blue).
·
Scale is most apparent because you can determine the size of the farmhouse based on the size of the figures.
RATIONALE
The most prominent design principle in the painting is balance, because the farmhouse centers the piece, while the two figures balance each side. Although scale is used to some effect, it is not the most prominent principle in the painting because the main elements are not sufficiently visible to compare their sizes. The sky and farm house do not display sharp contrast, due to their similar values, and as compared to the contrast between the two figures. The pitchfork does not display clear emphasis; it can be removed with little effect on the true focal point (i.e., the two figures).
CONCEPT
Principles in Context
23
Which of the following is the definition of a plane?
·
The third dimension that differentiates form from shape.
·
The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a form.
·
An area that has a width, a height, and a depth.
·
An area within a surface that extends to a specific direction or position.
RATIONALE
Within a two-dimensional surface, a plane extends off into a specific direction or position. A plane itself does not have a three-dimensional quality.
CONCEPT
Shape
24
Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to semiotic theory?
·
Projection is a key process that is defined by the theory.
·
Roland Barthes was a key figure in the development of the theory.
·
The theory incorporates a precise system of describing signs, including the terms symbol, icon, and index.
·
The theory is used in a variety of disciplines, including art, literature, and politics.
RATIONALE
Projection is not related to semiotics, as it is a mental process of the Cognitive Theory where the viewer projects meaning based on mental state and personal interpretation. Semiotic theory, developed in part by Roland Barthes, incorporates a precise system of describing signs, including the terms symbol, icon, and index used in a wide array of instances in everyday life.
CONCEPT
Semiotics
25
Which of the following is NOT an element of design?
·
Proximity
·
Color
·
Texture
·
Value
RATIONALE
Color, texture and value are elements of design.
Proximity is a principle of design.
CONCEPT
Elements Overview
26
How does value develop form?
·
By using dramatic lighting
·
By using texture and repeating elements
·
By using a grayscale between white and black
·
By using design principles
RATIONALE
1
Contrast is an effective way to create _________ in a design or image.
·
a focal point
·
a sense of rhythm
·
a sense of unity
RATIONALE
Contrast is most effective when there's a clear distinction between elements of the design, which in turn creates a focal point.
CONCEPT
Contrast
2
Which statement accurately analyzes the design principle evident in this painting?
·
Balance is shown by the rhythm in the brush strokes.
·
Contrast is shown by the stark difference in the colors of the elements in the painting.
·
Scale is shown by the positioning of the different elements in the painting.
RATIONALE
The design principle of contrast is most evident in this painting and is shown by the stark difference in the colors between elements in the painting.
Scale is not clearly used in this painting, while balance does lightly exist in the background on left and right, it's the contrasts between them and the man in the foreground is what stands out.
CONCEPT
Principles in Context
3
Which of the following is a term used in Gestalt Grouping Laws?
·
Emphasis
·
Kuleshov effect
·
Closure
·
Selectivity
RATIONALE
Closure is the law, connected to the Gestalt theory, that states elements may be understood as a complete whole if they are aligned, despite missing information.
CONCEPT
Gestalt Theory
4
Which of the following best defines emphasis?
·
Emphasis is the use of different design principles in a design.
·
Emphasis is the use of different colors in a design.
·
Emphasis is the use of a prominent element or focal area in a design.
·
Emphasis is the use of different design elements in a design.
RATIONALE
When proximity and contrast are used, a focal point is created which becomes emphasized.
CONCEPT
Emphasis
5
The visual communications theory that is used in many disciplines, and concerns itself with the study of signs and symbols, is __________.
·
Gestalt theory
·
montage theory
·
semiotics
·
cognitive theory
RATIONALE
Semiotics, or semiotic theory, is the study of how signs and symbols create their meaning.
CONCEPT
Semiotics
6
Which characteristic is a component of the line element in visual design?
·
Volume
·
Length
·
Balance
·
Shape
RATIONALE
Line is an element of visual design defined by length and direction.
CONCEPT
Line
7
How is rhythm shown in this image?
·
A limited color palette is used.
·
The sand has texture.
·
The lines visually repeat and show different forms of movement.
·
The sand is arranged in a variety of different patterns.
RATIONALE
Rhythm is best shown in the image by the repeated lines that indicate different forms of movement.
CONCEPT
Rhythm
8
Which of the following is a principle of design?
RATIONALE
Emphasis is a principle of design. Dot, pattern and line are elements of design.
CONCEPT
Principles Overview
9
Which of the following best defines dot?
·
Dot is a complex made of size and shape that anchors itself to any space.
·
Dot uses different design elements to show meaning in a given space.
·
Dot is a cluster of points that anchors itself to any space.
·
Dot uses tension to anchor itself to any space.
RATIONALE
When a series of dots or elements are grouped closely together, it is called a cluster. Tension can then be created between the dots, if one or several are moved closer than others.
CONCEPT
Dot
10
Which of the following is a visual communications theory that focuses on the viewer using a series of mental processes?
·
Omniphasism
·
Cognitive theory
·
Gestalt theory
·
Montage theory
RATIONALE
The series of mental processes involved in cognitive theory are memory, projection, expectation, selectivity, habituation, and salience.
CONCEPT
Cognitive Theory
11
Which of the following statements about montage theory is NOT true?
·
A Russian psychologist, Lev Kuleshov, experimented with montage.
·
It was pioneered by filmmakers in Russia.
·
It makes use of slow transitions from scene to scene.
·
It often depends on the use of conflicting or unrelated images.
RATIONALE
Montage is a theory pioneered by a Russian filmmaker named Sergei Eisenstein. It uses quick cuts or transitions between images, often unrelated, one after another. Lev Kuleshov was a key figure in an aspect of the montage theory, learning that viewing one image followed by another induces a thought. Thus, slow transitions from scene to scene is not an attribute of, or related to, Montage theory.
CONCEPT
Montage Theory
12
What is the difference between geometric and organic form?
·
Geometric form is one-dimensional. Organic form is three-dimensional.
·
Geometric form is defined by a simulation of natural substance. Organic form is mathematically constructed.
·
Geometric form can be mathematically constructed. Organic form is defined by its simulation of natural substance.
·
Geometric form lacks depth, and has two shapes. Organic form is defined by its simulation of natural substance, and is two-dimensional.
RATIONALE
Think: Geometry = math, angles and hard edges, whereas Organic = natural, irregular, curvy and varied contours.
CONCEPT
Form
13
Based on the listed characteristics, which item would be classified as a shape?
·
A plane, curved boundary lines, depth
·
Three-dimensional and straight, angular lines
·
Two-dimensional, three coordinates, rectilinear
·
A plane, two coordinates, an identifiable boundary
RATIONALE
Shapes are two-dimensional (i.e., they have two coordinates, height and width). They therefore lack depth, and have an identifiable boundary.
CONCEPT
Shape
14
Which of the following statements appropriately analyzes how texture is seen in this image of a Belgian waffle?
·
Texture is seen in the bumpy imperfections of exterior surface of the waffle.
·
Texture is seen in the repeating squares of the waffle.
·
Texture is seen in the organized arrangement of the squares of the waffle.
RATIONALE
Texture is seen in the bumpy imperfections of exterior surface of the waffle which can also be physically felt. The squares repeat in a 3 x 5 grid to create a pattern.
CONCEPT
Texture
15
Which model of communications theory states that a receiver gets a message from a sender?
·
Transmission model
·
Sensory communication model
·
Visual communication model
·
Perceptual communication model
RATIONALE
The source (or sender) communicates some sort of message, and will transmit this message through a channel, and on to the receiver. This is called the Transmission Model.
CONCEPT
Visual Communications
16
Which of the following is a description for electromagnetic radiation?
·
The color spectrum
·
Light
·
Light with the shortest wavelength
·
The unit used to measure light
RATIONALE
Electromagnetic radiation is another name for light - of which the human eye can only see a small portion called visible light or simply light. The color spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is able to be seen by the human eye. Light (always measured in hertz) with the shortest wavelengths are called gamma rays and invisible to the human eye.
CONCEPT
How We See
17
Which statement describes how unity is shown in this painting?
·
The flow of the body angles
·
The contrast between light and dark
·
The large amount of negative space
·
The emphasis in the brush strokes
RATIONALE
Unity is best shown in this painting by the flow of the body angles. The complementing angles of the arms, legs and head create a reverse "S" flow that links the elements of the composition.
CONCEPT
Unity
18
Select the option below that is one of the 7 hues of visible light.
·
Beige
·
Black
·
Violet
·
White
RATIONALE
The seven hues of visible light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. These hues are arranged on the spectrum by wavelength.
CONCEPT
Color
19
Which of the following statements about asymmetrical balance is true?
·
Asymmetrical balance can have tension between the elements.
·
Asymmetrical balance depends on identical elements in a design.
·
Asymmetrical balance provides an even distribution of weight.
·
Asymmetrical balance relates to objects on a central axis.
RATIONALE
Asymmetrical balance provides more tension between the elements and it better navigates viewer's eye flow.
CONCEPT
Balance
20
How does value develop form?
·
By using dramatic lighting
·
By using design principles
·
By using texture and repeating elements
·
By using a grayscale between white and black
RATIONALE
Form is developed by using a grayscale between white and black values. This gradient creates the appearance of depth, which is what differentiates a form from a shape.
CONCEPT
Value
21
Which statement below relates to Constructivism?
·
It is a strategy that is often used in modern art.
·
It enables viewers to figure out the message, based on their past experiences.
·
It is a theory that has been useful in billboard design.
RATIONALE
Constructivism, a sensory-based theory of visual communications, asserts that eye movements capture a visual outline, and then the mind "constructs" understanding. It is helpful in billboard design because designers can think about how images are interpreted by drivers who pass them quickly.
CONCEPT
Other Theories
22
Which question reflects the consideration of proximity in visual design?
·
Should the space be high or low contrast?
·
When and how should I group elements?
·
Should the focal point be in the center?
RATIONALE
When using proximity, it is important to know how, when, and when not to group elements.
CONCEPT
Proximity
23
Which statement correctly describes the use of design elements in this photo?
·
The lines of the railroad track guide your eye towards a white dot, which serves as the focal point.
·
The focal point of the light at the end of the track creates a sense of balance.
·
The pattern of the leaves focuses the eye on the foreground.
RATIONALE
In the photo, the lines of the railroad track guide your eye towards a white dot, which serves as the focal point. The leaves do not focus the eye on the foreground, but serve as contrasting elements with the smooth white dot. Without the white dot as the focal point, the piece would remain balanced, due to other elements that work together to provide visual harmony.
CONCEPT
Semiotics
24
Which statement about scale and proportion is true?
·
They both can directly affect our perception of elements in an image.
·
They are design elements that positively impact the realistic nature of an image.
·
They are only applicable in photographic images.
RATIONALE
Scale and proportion can both directly affect our perception of elements in an image because they enable viewers to determine the size of something, based on the size of something else.
CONCEPT
Scale
25
Which of the following is NOT an element of design?
·
Line
·
Form
·
Unity
·
Space
RATIONALE
Space, form and line are elements of design.
Unity is a principle of design.
CONCEPT
Elements Overview
26
Which of the following terms describes the element that surrounds form?
·
Pattern
·
Shape
·
Surface
·
Space
RATIONALE
1
Which of the following best defines pattern?
·
Pattern is the arrangement of elements by size and color around a form.
·
Pattern is the formation of a consistent arrangement of exact or similar elements.
·
Pattern is repetition of space and scale in a symmetrical fashion.
RATIONALE
Pattern is best defined as the formation of a consistent arrangement of exact or similar elements. Elements do not need to be arranged around a form, nor maintain symmetry. Instead elements need only be similar and arranged in a consistent fashion to develop a pattern.
CONCEPT
Texture
2
Which of the following statements describes the function of the figure/ground relationship?
·
It differentiates form from shape.
·
It surrounds positive elements.
·
It lays the foundation of the composition.
·
It enables the viewer to see perceived depth.
RATIONALE
The figure/ground relationship refers to the relationship between form in the foreground and space in the background. This relationship enables the viewer to perceive depth by making elements appear to be closer to or further from the viewer.
CONCEPT
Space
3
Which of the following best defines visual communications?
·
A process by which an image conveys an idea or message to an audience in order to inform, sell, persuade, educate or entertain.
·
A process by which an image sells an idea or message to an audience.
·
A process by which an image focuses on the viewer's personal interpretation and prior experience.
·
A process by which an image transmits a message to a receiver.
RATIONALE
Visual communications is the umbrella term that encompasses the theories of the perceptual, sensory and transmission models. It is a process by which an image conveys an idea or message in order to inform, sell, persuade, educate or entertain an audience.
CONCEPT
Visual Communications
4
Which of the following are the characteristics of dot?
·
A dot has a defined shape, line, and contrast.
·
A dot has emphasis, plane, and tension.
·
A dot has balance, proximity, and a position in space.
·
A dot has size, a unified shape, and a position in space.
RATIONALE
A singular dot is neutral in how it sits in space. It doesn't appear to move vertically or horizontally. There is no implied direction, it's simply anchored in space.
CONCEPT
Dot
5
How is rhythm shown in this image?
·
Rhythm is shown by the color at the start of the line (left) being yellow and the color at the end (right) being purple.
·
Rhythm is shown by the movement of line (left to right) through the colored squares, with each square smaller than the previous square.
·
Rhythm is shown by some squares having lines bordering them on all sides, and others not having any lines bordering them.
RATIONALE
Rhythm is shown in the image through the movement of line through the colored squares. Each line is half the size of the previous, a pattern that can be compared to a beat that speeds up by 50% with each square.
CONCEPT
Rhythm
6
Which of the following best defines symmetrical balance in a design?
·
If you drew a line through the center of the design, both sides would be exactly the same.
·
If you divided the design into four quadrants, all four quadrants would look exactly the same.
·
If you drew horizontal and vertical lines through an off-center axis of the design, both sides would be exactly the same.
·
If you drew a line through an off-center axis of the design, both sides would be exactly the same.
RATIONALE
Symmetrical balance in a design can be demonstrated by a line drawn through the center of the design, which produces a result in which both sides of the design are exactly the same.
CONCEPT
Balance
7
Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to semiotic theory?
·
Roland Barthes was a key figure in the development of the theory.
·
Projection is a key process that is defined by the theory.
·
The theory incorporates a precise system of describing signs, including the terms symbol, icon, and index.
·
The theory is used in a variety of disciplines, including art, literature, and politics.
RATIONALE
Projection is not related to semiotics, as it is a mental process of the Cognitive Theory where the viewer projects meaning based on mental state and personal interpretation. Semiotic theory, developed in part by Roland Barthes, incorporates a precise system of describing signs, including the terms symbol, icon, and index used in a wide array of instances in everyday life.
CONCEPT
Semiotics
8
How is unity shown in this painting?
·
Unity is shown by the placement of the large dark tree on the left in the foreground of the painting.
·
Unity is shown by the individual brush strokes used throughout the painting.
·
Unity is shown by the placement of the houses and church between the foreground and background.
RATIONALE
Unity is shown by the individual brush strokes used throughout the painting, which create visual oneness between all elements.
CONCEPT
Principles in Context
9
How does proportion help viewers to identify the scale of the building in the image?
·
When compared to the sidewalk, the size of the statues near the entrance gives viewers a sense of how large the building is.
·
The size of the bushes can be compared to the size of the building, giving a sense of scale to both the bushes and the building.
·
The size of the flag atop the building, compared to the size of the windows on the building, gives viewers a sense of how large the building is.
RATIONALE
By comparing the size of the bushes in the foreground to the size of the bushes closer to the building, one gets a sense of how large the building is, relative to the bushes. This provides a sense of scale to both the bushes and the building.
10
Which of the following defines the term “gradient?”
·
A range from light to dark
·
The absence of light
·
The stark difference between tones in a visual design work
·
The illumination aspect of form
RATIONALE
Gradient is part of the design element value. It refers to the range between light and dark that develops form integrity.
CONCEPT
Value
11
If Roslyn loved the beautiful hues in the sunset last evening, what was it specifically that she loved?
·
She loved the saturation in the sky.
·
She loved the pattern in the sky.
·
She loved the textures in the sky.
·
She loved the colors in the sky.
RATIONALE
If Roslyn loved the hues in the sunset, she loved the colors in the sky. Hue is another word for color (e.g., red hue, blue hue, golden hue). Saturation refers to the intensity of hues, while patterns are elements that are arranged or repeat consistently.
CONCEPT
Color
12
Which of the following are the characteristics of the line element in visual design?
·
A line has movement, weight, length, and direction.
·
A line has proximity, length, movement, and a position in space.
·
A line has emphasis, weight, balance, and a shape.
·
A line has a defined shape, contrast, plane, and direction.
RATIONALE
Line is used to imply direction, provide energy and a sense of movement. You can increase the sense of movement by adjusting the length and line weight, or the thickness of the line.
CONCEPT
Line
13
How does a form differ from shape?
·
Form has the third dimension of depth.
·
Form is defined by its allegiance to mathematical construction.
·
Form has more than three sides.
·
Shape has more volume than form.
RATIONALE
Form has the third dimension of depth, while shape has only height and width.
CONCEPT
Form
14
Which of the following is an element of visual design?
RATIONALE
Line is an element of design. Unity, balance, and rhythm are principles of design.
CONCEPT
Elements Overview
15
Which statement is true of Soviet Montage?
·
It is an approach to filmmaking that contrasts black-and-white imagery with color imagery.
·
It is an editing technique pioneered by a Russian psychologist that focuses on inducing a unique thought from two varied pictures.
·
It is a technique often used to intensify suspense and horror in film.
·
It imparts meaning through quick film editing and the juxtaposition of unrelated or conflicting images shown in rapid succession.
RATIONALE
Soviet Montage is an approach to filmmaking which uses quick film editing and the juxtaposition of unrelated or conflicting images in rapid succession to impart meaning.
CONCEPT
Montage Theory
16
How do the elements of a design show unity?
·
If the elements of a design are unbalanced
·
If the elements of a design lack space
·
If the elements of a design distract attention from one another
·
If the elements of a design work together in harmony
RATIONALE
Unity in a design is shown when elements work together to create harmony and wholeness in a composition. Unified designs can become disjointed or unbalanced when a single element is removed.
CONCEPT
Unity
17
Which of the following statements describes the central principle of Gestalt theory?
·
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
·
The whole is greater than each part.
·
The whole is perceived as complete, even if some information is missing.
·
The whole creates a steady flow of direction.
RATIONALE
The Gestalt theory is based of the central idea of the whole being greater than the sum of its parts. The whole can't be greater than each part because then the part would be the focus, rather than the whole. The whole being perceived as complete, even with information missing (Law of Closure), is one principle of the Gestalt theory, but not the central concept. Similarly, the whole creating a steady flow of direction (Law of Common Fate) is a principle of the Gestalt theory, but not the central concept.
CONCEPT
Gestalt Theory
18
How is the element of space used in this photograph?
·
The negative space around the woman creates a flat appearance of space with the sky, woman and the ground.
·
The negative space around the woman appears to be closer to the camera while the woman appears to be in the background.
·
The negative space around the woman enables viewers to perceive depth.
RATIONALE
Space is used to create negative space around the woman, who serves as the positive space. Space distinguishes the silhouettes as foreground elements while separating them from the background elements.
CONCEPT
Elements in Context
19
How is proximity shown in the image?
·
The cool blue of the water is a striking contrast to the warm colors of the beach.
·
The eyes are drawn to the boats because they're located in the center of the image.
·
The color of the water gradually changes from deep blue to light blue.
·
The boats are all anchored closely together.
RATIONALE
In the image, the boats are anchored closely together to create visual tension. In contrast, there is space between the smaller elements on the beach, creating visual relief from the tension created by proximity of the boats.
CONCEPT
Proximity
20
Why are the trees in the foreground the focal point of this image?
·
Because they are in low contrast to the background.
·
Because they are presented in black and white.
·
Because they are in high contrast to the rest of the image.
·
Because they are not centered in the image.
RATIONALE
The trees create a focal point, based on the high contrast between the white snow and the trees in the foreground, against the foggy background.
CONCEPT
Contrast
21
Which of the following key terms is a person using when he/she only sees an orange cat in a room full of cats?
·
Expectation
·
Projection
·
Selectivity
·
Habituation
RATIONALE
The person is filters out the other cats, and only focuses on what is relevant at the time, in this case, the orange cat.
CONCEPT
Cognitive Theory
22
Who is Paul Lester?
·
A visual communications theorist who placed value on studying the complete range of media production techniques.
·
A visual communications theorist whose work created the Omniphasism Model.
·
A visual communications theorist who developed the practice of incorporating the best methods from previous theories.
·
A visual communications theorist whose credo was "The more you see, the more you know".
RATIONALE
Aldous Huxley developed the credo "The more you see, the more you know", while Omniphasism is the theory that combines the best thinking from previous theories.
CONCEPT
Other Theories
23
Which answer correctly identifies the part of the human vision system that is part of the retina?
·
Rods
·
Pupil
·
Optic nerve
·
Visual cortex
RATIONALE
Rods (as well as cones) are part of the retina which is located at the back of the eye. The visual cortex is in the back part of the brain, and processes visual information, while the optic nerve connects the retina to the visual cortex. The pupil is located at the front of the eyeball and regulates the amount of light into the eye that strikes the retina.
CONCEPT
How We See
24
Which of the following best explains why emphasis is important in a design?
·
Emphasis creates a focal point for the viewer.
·
Emphasis creates movement that draws the viewer to a specific location in the design.
·
Emphasis depends on other design elements to attract the viewer's attention.
·
Emphasis depends on other design principles to attract the viewer's attention.
RATIONALE
A significant way a designer is able to effectively convey a message or idea, is by dictating where the viewer's eye should go, via a focal point.
CONCEPT
Emphasis
25
Which of the following is the definition of a plane?
·
An area that has a width, a height, and a depth.
·
An area within a surface that extends to a specific direction or position.
·
The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a form.
·
The third dimension that differentiates form from shape.
RATIONALE
Within a two-dimensional surface, a plane extends off into a specific direction or position. A plane itself does not have a three-dimensional quality.
CONCEPT
Shape
26
Which one of the following is NOT a principle of design?
·
Rhythm
·
Value
·
Scale
·
Proximity
RATIONALE
Which statement best analyzes unity in this image?
·
Unity is shown through the different colors as the buildings recede into the distance.
·
The ripples in the water, paired with the subtle lines in the clouds, create unity.
·
The positioning of the sky, buildings, and water, coupled with the bridge which anchors them together, creates unity.
Which of the following visual design elements is featured in this image?
·
Space
·
Dot
·
Contrast
·
Shape
Which one of the following characteristics is NOT related to shape?
·
Width and height
·
Three-dimensional
·
Identifiable boundary
·
Potential to be curvy
According to the cognitive theory, which is the best example of salience?
·
Because Larry was focused on counting the pigeons he was feeding, he missed the celebrity who walked past him.
·
After hearing Aaron's accent, Jayme determined he would be a great addition to the team.
·
Lavonne saw a school bus that he used to ride as a kid.
·
Thad began dating Angie six months ago, and now feels like he's falling in love with her.