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GRA-101 Basic Design and Color Theory Visual Communications Final Exam Answers

GRA-101 Basic Design and Color Theory Visual Communications Final Exam Answers

What type of graphic is a map?

Referent

Thematic

Data

Which element is featured most prominently in this image?

Form

Line

Shape

Which of the following key terms is a person using when he/she only sees an orange cat in a room full of cats?

Expectation

Projection

Selectivity

Habituation

During the interpretation phase of a group critique, what does the facilitator often do?

Compiles a list of necessary refinements

Does all of the talking

Asks questions so that everyone has a chance to speak

Ranks the work based on its level of success

Which typographic example applies hierarchy principles?

Which one of the following items is a characteristic of grayscale?

It is used to measure saturation.

The steps change in hue.

It contains grays mixed with one hue.

Each swatch is a step in value.

If Roslyn loved the beautiful hues in the sunset last evening, what was it specifically that she loved?

She loved the saturation in the sky.

She loved the colors in the sky.

She loved the pattern in the sky.

She loved the textures in the sky.

Which of the following terms describes the sketch in this photo?

Bleed drawing

Wireframe drawing

Modular drawing

WYSIWYG drawing

Which of the following is the definition of a plane?

An area that has a width, a height, and a depth.

The third dimension that differentiates form from shape.

An area within a surface that extends to a specific direction or position.

The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a form.

Which of the following best defines space?

Space is made up of neutral colors.

Space surrounds form and any other positive elements.

Space consists of lines.

Which of the following best defines the subtractive color process?

The mixing of powdered color; mixing color that is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by pigment.

The mixing of subtractive color; using PMS color that is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by pigment.

The mixing of color with pigment; subtractive color is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by pigment.

Which aspect of corporate branding is represented in this image?

Corporate identity

Letterhead suite

Logo

Corporate Identity Manual

What is a desired result of creating a design brief?

It will showcase the final product to your client.

It will enable you to accomplish project goals by choosing a strategy and stylistic approach.

It will give you insight into the client's budget and time constraints.

It will make you aware of what your client's competition is doing.

Why is the critical analysis portion of a critique so important?

Because the strengths and weaknesses of the work are discussed

Because a vote is usually taken

Because everyone has a chance to speak

Because the facilitator can use leading questions

Which one of the following items describes a component contained in this newspaper design?

Display type

Right aligned type

Script typeface

Monochromatic

A visual design that sends symbolic messages and promotes cultural stereotypes is a form of __________.

propaganda

spin

corporate branding

crisis management

Which statement below relates to Constructivism?

It is a theory that has been useful in billboard design.

It enables viewers to figure out the message, based on their past experiences.

It is a strategy that is often used in modern art.

The part of the retina that processes color is called which of the following?

Rod

Visual cortex

Cone

Optic nerve

__________ is a marketing concept that differentiates a product from its competition.

Demographic

Unique selling proposition

Ideation

Which example represents proper usage of decorative type?

Anil uses decorative type for his entire paragraph to keep his design fun.

Cedric includes decorative type in his headline to draw attention to his design.

Margo uses decorative type for captions below photos in a magazine.

Patricia uses decorative type for her company website address on train station advertisements.

Select the last stage of the desktop publishing cycle.

Taking digital photographs with a digital camera

Combining words and images with page layout software

Outputting printed pages through a laser printer

Writing the copy with word processing software

Which of the following defines the term “gradient?”

The illumination aspect of form

The stark difference between tones in a visual design work

The absence of light

A range from light to dark

Which statement describes an aspect of the transmission model of communications?

Anything that interferes with the process is called noise.

It is used only in the disciplines of art and design.

The person who wants to communicate is known as the channel.

It is also known as semiotics.

Which of the following is NOT an element of design?

Line

Space

Unity

Form

Claude Monet, Water Lilies, 1916, Oil on canvas

[Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monet_Water_Lilies_1916.jpg

Which list below describes the use of color in this painting?

Mixing of color with light, warm colors, and the use of darkness

Cool colors, the use of pigments, and analogous colors

Primary colors, the use of value, and saturation

Analogous colors, hexadecimal colors, and complementary colors

Which of the following best defines value?

Value shows texture

Value shows lightness and darkness.

Value shows repetition in darkness.

Value is not dependent on lightness.

CONCEPT

Value

Which term below means a list of the requirements of a visual design job?

Specifications

Target audience

Budget

Demographics

CONCEPT

Describing the Work

How many ink colors are used in CMYK to mix a full range of colors?

Eight

Four

Six

Three

CONCEPT

Subtractive Color

Select one method of conducting a visual audit.

Estimating the budget for art work

Conducting market research

A focus group

Using creative process

CONCEPT

Research

Which image contains rectilinear shapes?

CONCEPT

Shape

Which of the following is the visual communicator who was a pioneer of movie title sequence motion graphics?

Shepard Fairy

Saul Bass

Edward Tufte

Andy Warhol

CONCEPT

Motion Graphics

Which of the following terms is an element of design?

Emphasis

Space

Contrast

Unity

CONCEPT

Elements Overview

View the video file of the motion graphic.

Select the statement that best describes an aspect of this motion graphic that contributes to its strength.

The video makes strong use of a grid.

The display typeface helps to explain the tone or personality of the movie.

The type alignment directs the eye during the video.

The subdued color scheme aligns with the music.

CONCEPT

Motion Graphics

Which of the following correctly defines the “saturation” of a color?

The transparency of a color

The intensity of the color

The temperature of the color in Kelvin

The lightness or darkness of the color

CONCEPT

Properties of Color

Which of the following design elements and principles are shown in texture?

Plane, color, or space.

Dot, shape, or line.

Line, form, or balance.

Dot, scale, or point.

CONCEPT

Texture

Which of the following is the term that is used for the last step in the creative design process?

Refinement

Production

Ideation

Planning

CONCEPT

Production

Which color has the following physical and mental affects: heart rate, anger, and sense of smell?

Yellow

Green

Red

Orange

CONCEPT

Applications of Color

Which of the following is the correct term for the result of mixing two primary colors in equal amounts?

Tertiary color

Secondary color

Monochromatic color

Achromatic gray

CONCEPT

The Color Wheel

Which one of these is NOT a main step in the visual creative process?

Copywriting

Refinement

Ideation

Production

CONCEPT

Advertising

Tamika is demonstrating how to mix paint and use the proper art terms.

When Tamika mixes red and white together, she will have a (A) tint .

tint tone shade complement

CONCEPT

Tints, Tones, and Shades

Which of the following is a visual communications theory that focuses on the viewer using a series of mental processes?

Omniphasism

Cognitive theory

Montage theory

Gestalt theory

CONCEPT

Cognitive Theory

(A) is one of the components of the visual communications transmission model.

An index Data that enters the brain Prior experience Noise

CONCEPT

Visual Communications

A source of inspiration which involves taking a finished work and adding to or subtracting from it is known as:

A chance operation

An homage

A narrative

A remix

CONCEPT

Sources of Inspiration

What are the goals of a critique?

To create and test a prototype

To brainstorm and visualize ideas

To survey and conduct a focus group

To evaluate and improve design work

CONCEPT

The Critique

Which of the following describes the color relationship found in the Mets logo?

Shades

Tints

Complementary color

Primary color

CONCEPT

Color Relationships

The main point conveyed in a visual design project is called the __________ .

Headline

Stylistic approach

Core message

Scope

CONCEPT

Plan

The term for a thematic series of ads is:

An ad campaign

Unique selling proposition

A storyboard

Banner ads

CONCEPT

Advertising

How is contrast best shown in this image?

Contrast is shown by the use of different values throughout the image.

Contrast is shown by the use of midtone grey in the image.

Contrast is shown by the fact that the image is a landscape.

Contrast is shown by the repeated use of trees.

CONCEPT

Contrast

Which set of hues in the list below is NOT a complementary pair?

Yellow and violet

Red and green

Orange and blue

Violet and orange

CONCEPT

Color Relationships

Which of the following images is rectilinear?

[Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nickelodeon_Logo.svg

In terms of color, for what would the orange Nickelodeon logo be noted?

Achromatic color

Saturated color

Tint

Shade

RATIONALE

The orange Nickelodeon logo is noted for its vivid or saturated color. Saturated colors appear brilliant and pure, while de-saturated colors are muted and dull.

CONCEPT

Color in Context

Why is proximity a valuable design principle?

It can enhance viewers' perception of grayscale and unity in a design.

It can help to establish whether an element is the foreground or background.

It can influence and guide how viewers perceive and navigate a design.

RATIONALE

Proximity is a valuable design principle because it can influence and guide how viewers perceive and navigate a design. The distance between elements often provides a visual pathway, similar to leaving a trail of crumbs, which helps guide viewers through the design.

CONCEPT

Proximity

Which term is paired correctly with its definition?

Chiaroscuro

The subtle use of gradation to create dramatic value

Gradient

The ratio of light to dark in an image

Value

The level of color saturation in an image

RATIONALE

The correct answer is "Chiaroscuro: the subtle use of gradation to create dramatic value." In visual design, chiaroscuro is the use of gradations in value to create a sense of volume and form while achieving strong contrast between light and dark. Value refers to the level of darkness or lightness, while gradient is the range between the values.

CONCEPT

Value

CMYK color is used in which situation?

Reading a magazine on your laptop computer

Reading a magazine on your tablet

Reading a magazine printed on paper

Reading a magazine on your phone

RATIONALE

CMYK color refers to the color of cyan, magenta, yellow and black inks. These inks are mixed to create a variety of colors and are used in commercial printing to create media including magazines printed on paper.

CONCEPT

Subtractive Color

What is the difference between a slanted typeface and an italic typeface?

Italic type has serifs. Slanted type is sans-serif.

Italic type is designed specifically to slant to the right. Slanted type is regular type that is slanted by a machine.

Italic type is computer generated. Slanted type is based on hand-crafted script.

Italic type has poor readability. Slanted type has good readability.

RATIONALE

Italic type is designed to slant to the right. Slanted type is regular type that is slanted by a machine.

Typeface design includes postures and weights. A typeface designer may opt to only include the standard posture in a typeface, but that typeface can later be artificially slanted by graphic design software.

CONCEPT

Italic, Script, and Decorative Type

Which scenario is part of the production step in a project to build a mobile app for a dog walking service?

Developers building the app for online access

Gathering feedback from market research

Preparing a prototype of the app for review

RATIONALE

Developers building the app for online access is part of the production process. Upon completion of the mobile app, the project is made available to users online.

CONCEPT

Production

Why is a type specimen useful?

It makes it easier to determine which font will be best suited for use in a magazine layout.

It enables the designer to select which font is best suited for use on the web.

It creates an environment to quickly determine the best color type for a project.

It quickly showcases the typeface in a variety of situations which helps designers to visualize it in their projects.

RATIONALE

A type specimen is useful because it quickly showcases the typeface in a variety of situations, which helps designers visualize it in their projects.

CONCEPT

Type in Context

In the field of visual communications, which term is used for one of the sources of inspiration?

Chance

Prototype

Design refinement

Narrative

CONCEPT

Sources of Inspiration

Which image uses a golden section?

RATIONALE

The image is an example of the golden section because it distributes bodies of text in positions that align with calculated proportions that are aesthetically pleasing. The image of the dots/squares, and the title with two columns, have no implied area where a golden section might exist. Instead, they are more akin to symmetry or balance.

CONCEPT

Type & Image

Based on this color wheel, which of the following is a secondary color?

Green

Yellow

Blue

Red

RATIONALE

Green is a secondary color because it is created by mixing two primary colors, blue and yellow.

CONCEPT

The Color Wheel

Which of the following statements describes the creative process?

It is not designed to bring a project to completion.

It is made up of multiple steps or tasks.

It is used only in the research phase of a project.

It creates additional pressure for designers, due to multiple tasks.

CONCEPT

Creative Design Process

A visual design that sends symbolic messages and promotes cultural stereotypes is a form of __________.

corporate branding

propaganda

crisis management

spin

CONCEPT

Propaganda

Which of the following design elements can be used to create texture?

Dot, space, and form

Dot, shape, and space

Dot, shape, and line

Dot, form, and value

RATIONALE

Dot, shape, and line are design elements shown in texture. These two-dimensional elements can be used in repeating intervals to create patterns that make up surface activity. Texture does not dependent on value, form or shape to create the appearance of surface activity.

CONCEPT

Texture

How are hues arranged on the color spectrum?

By value

By wavelength

By saturation

RATIONALE

Hues are arranged by wavelength on the color spectrum. Wavelength is the distance between successive crests of a wave, including the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared, microwave, and radio waves have long wavelengths that are outside of the visible color spectrum. Likewise, ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma rays have short wavelengths that also fall outside the visible color spectrum. Neither the saturation or intensity of a color, nor its value (i.e., how light or dark it is) determines its position on the color spectrum.

CONCEPT

Color

What is the equation used by a montage to label images?

A plus B equals AB

A plus B equals C

A minus B equals C

A divided by B equals C

RATIONALE

A + B = C is the equation used to define montage theory. Image A, followed by image B induces a logical next thought represented by image C.

For example: image of a balloon (A) + image of a pin (B) = image of a startled person (C).

CONCEPT

Montage Theory

Which one of the following statements relates to Aldous Huxley?

Developed Gestalt theory

Stressed the importance of organization and grouping

Credo was “The more you see, the more you know”

Film director who, in the 1920s, pioneered the use of montage

RATIONALE

A stress on organization and grouping generally aligns with the Gestalt Theory, while the pioneer of Montage was Sergei Eisenstein. Instead, Aldous Huxley was a writer an experimental scientist whose philosophy was "The more you see, the more you know".

CONCEPT

Other Theories

Which statement describes an aspect of the transmission model of communications?

The person who wants to communicate is known as the channel.

It is also known as semiotics.

Anything that interferes with the process is called noise.

It is used only in the disciplines of art and design.

RATIONALE

In the transmission model of communications, when a message is being channeled, it becomes susceptible to various dysfunctional factors that can interfere with the message. This interference is called noise.

CONCEPT

Visual Communications

Which sentence best describes the contrast principle and why it is important?

Contrast affects the readability between different elements in an image or design.

Contrast is the only way to convey the meaning of an image or design.

Contrast creates a sense of balance between design elements.

Contrast enables viewers to determine which elements are present in a design.

RATIONALE

The contrast principle is important because it creates a focal point, thus affecting the readability between different elements.

CONCEPT

Contrast

Which of the following terms is related to the development of advertising?

Demographic

All of the answer choices are correct.

Unique selling proposition

Target audience

CONCEPT

Advertising

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the story development process?

Storyboarding the script

Creating the prototype

Producing the script

Writing the script

CONCEPT

Storytelling

Which of the following is NOT an element of design?

Texture

Proximity

Color

Value

RATIONALE

Color, texture and value are elements of design.

Proximity is a principle of design.

CONCEPT

Elements Overview

Which type family is sans-serif?

In the Eras type family, no serifs or "feet" are added to the stem of the letters. It is without serifs, or sans-serif.

CONCEPT

Describing Type

What is an important takeaway from Massimo Vignelli's work from the Unigrid System?

It was inspired by the de Stijl style's focus on primary colors.

His style proved that a grid is not necessary for a consistent appearance.

He revised the way park maps are organized and laid out.

The approach makes it possible to maintain a consistent format across varied pieces of work.

RATIONALE

Massimo Vignelli's work from the Unigrid System makes it possible to maintain a consistent format across varied pieces of work. Using Vignelli's Unigrid System, the National Park Service created a unified format across all of its publications.

CONCEPT

The Grid

Information that is manipulated to make it appear more positive, or to persuade consumers to accept a point of view, is known as __________.

homage

spin

narrative

editing

CONCEPT

Public Relations

Which of the following statements is true of the image?

These are miniature objects in a small space.

The space shows the ratio of one size of an element to another.

The scale of the objects is unnatural.

Proportion is used to help viewers identify the space of the room.

RATIONALE

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of motion graphic design?

It presents data visually.

It creates digital interactivity.

It is time-based.

It is politically motivated.

How is emphasis shown in this image?

Texture is seen on the surface of the yellow center of the flower.

The dark bee is contrasted against the bright flower.

Balance is used to show petals of the flower.

Proximity is used to show distance between the petals of the flower.

Which principles or elements of layout design are present in this event poster?

Caption and free form text alignment

Columns and justified text alignment

Page spread and left text alignment

Hierarchy and centered text alignment

Which term applies to the area highlighted inside the red circle?

Bleed

Spread

Alley

Gutter

Which image contains a caption?

What is a way to tell if a font is TrueType or OpenType?

Icons: a blue "TT" for TrueType, a teal "O" for OpenType

Extensions: ".TR" for TrueType, ".OP" for OpenType

Platforms: Microsoft uses TrueType, Macintosh uses OpenType

Which of the following statements appropriately analyzes how texture is seen in this image of a Belgian waffle?

Texture is seen in the organized arrangement of the squares of the waffle.

Texture is seen in the bumpy imperfections of exterior surface of the waffle.

Texture is seen in the repeating squares of the waffle.

RATIONALE

Texture is seen in the bumpy imperfections of exterior surface of the waffle which can also be physically felt. The squares repeat in a 3 x 5 grid to create a pattern.

CONCEPT

Texture

Which of the following qualities are what make a form three-dimensional?

Shape, height, depth

Width, height, shape

Width, depth, shape

Width, height, and depth

RATIONALE

Think of a three-dimensional box: the base is determined by its depth (front-to-back), its width (side-to-side), and its height (top-to-bottom). These three qualities give a form a three-dimensional appearance.

CONCEPT

Form

Why is it important to understand the principles of design?

They are the building blocks of good design.

You can determine the effectiveness of the design based on the number of elements used.

You can identify the construction of a design so that you can critically evaluate its effectiveness.

It will help you to figure out how many elements are in the design.

RATIONALE

Different works of art and design will speak to different people, but it's good to be able to identify the components that make up great works of art in order to fully understand their construction.

CONCEPT

Principles Overview

What is the equation used by a montage to label images?

A divided by B equals C

A plus B equals AB

A minus B equals C

A plus B equals C

RATIONALE

A + B = C is the equation used to define montage theory. Image A, followed by image B induces a logical next thought represented by image C.

For example: image of a balloon (A) + image of a pin (B) = image of a startled person (C).

CONCEPT

Montage Theory

Which of the following is a description for electromagnetic radiation?

The color spectrum

The unit used to measure light

Light

Light with the shortest wavelength

RATIONALE

Electromagnetic radiation is another name for light - of which the human eye can only see a small portion called visible light or simply light. The color spectrum is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is able to be seen by the human eye. Light (always measured in hertz) with the shortest wavelengths are called gamma rays and invisible to the human eye.

CONCEPT

How We See

How can comparison to music help you to visualize rhythm in design?

Think of repeated visual elements as a beat in music.

Think of repeated elements as the quiet spaces in music.

Think of rhythm in design as a musical climax.

RATIONALE

When attempting to visualize rhythm in design, think of the repetition of a visual element as a beat in music.

CONCEPT

Rhythm

Which of the following key terms is a person using when he/she only sees an orange cat in a room full of cats?

Habituation

Expectation

Projection

Selectivity

RATIONALE

The person is filters out the other cats, and only focuses on what is relevant at the time, in this case, the orange cat.

CONCEPT

Cognitive Theory

Which of the following best defines visual communications?

A process by which an image sells an idea or message to an audience.

A process by which an image transmits a message to a receiver.

A process by which an image focuses on the viewer's personal interpretation and prior experience.

A process by which an image conveys an idea or message to an audience in order to inform, sell, persuade, educate or entertain.

RATIONALE

Visual communications is the umbrella term that encompasses the theories of the perceptual, sensory and transmission models. It is a process by which an image conveys an idea or message in order to inform, sell, persuade, educate or entertain an audience.

CONCEPT

Visual Communications

Which of the following best defines the line element in visual design?

Line is the use of movement that is defined by its length and direction.

Line is a design element that is not defined by its direction.

Line is a dynamic form defined by its length and direction.

Line is the use of dynamic energy defined by its thickness.

RATIONALE

Within the definition for line, there are a few other terms that define characteristics of line. Dynamic is energy with an effective action, and direction is the specific movement towards a point or destination.

CONCEPT

Line

Which of the following best defines emphasis?

Emphasis is the use of a prominent element or focal area in a design.

Emphasis is the use of different design principles in a design.

Emphasis is the use of different colors in a design.

Emphasis is the use of different design elements in a design.

RATIONALE

When proximity and contrast are used, a focal point is created which becomes emphasized.

CONCEPT

Emphasis

How is asymmetrical balance achieved in the painting below?

The artist shows similar objects mirrored across the painting.

The artist uses visual weight from the ducks opposite the people.

The artist uses a central focal point to create tension.

RATIONALE

In the painting, the artist uses smaller objects on one side (ducks) that are balanced by larger objects (people) on the other.

CONCEPT

Balance

Which of the following best defines space?

Space consists of lines.

Space is made up of neutral colors.

Space surrounds form and any other positive elements.

RATIONALE

Space can be made up of any color that separates it from the form it surrounds - and is not necessarily an empty or secondary area; it's in the background and can be considered a format by which we frame a design.

CONCEPT

Space

Which of the following best defines dot?

Dot uses different design elements to show meaning in a given space.

Dot is a cluster of points that anchors itself to any space.

Dot uses tension to anchor itself to any space.

Dot is a complex made of size and shape that anchors itself to any space.

RATIONALE

When a series of dots or elements are grouped closely together, it is called a cluster. Tension can then be created between the dots, if one or several are moved closer than others.

CONCEPT

Dot

How does proportion help viewers to identify the scale of the building in the image?

When compared to the sidewalk, the size of the statues near the entrance gives viewers a sense of how large the building is.

The size of the flag atop the building, compared to the size of the windows on the building, gives viewers a sense of how large the building is.

The size of the bushes can be compared to the size of the building, giving a sense of scale to both the bushes and the building.

RATIONALE

By comparing the size of the bushes in the foreground to the size of the bushes closer to the building, one gets a sense of how large the building is, relative to the bushes. This provides a sense of scale to both the bushes and the building.

Why are the trees in the foreground the focal point of this image?

Because they are not centered in the image.

Because they are in high contrast to the rest of the image.

Because they are presented in black and white.

Because they are in low contrast to the background.

RATIONALE

The trees create a focal point, based on the high contrast between the white snow and the trees in the foreground, against the foggy background.

CONCEPT

Contrast

Which question reflects the consideration of proximity in visual design?

Should the focal point be in the center?

When and how should I group elements?

Should the space be high or low contrast?

RATIONALE

When using proximity, it is important to know how, when, and when not to group elements.

CONCEPT

Proximity

Who is Paul Lester?

A visual communications theorist whose work created the Omniphasism Model.

A visual communications theorist who developed the practice of incorporating the best methods from previous theories.

A visual communications theorist who placed value on studying the complete range of media production techniques.

A visual communications theorist whose credo was "The more you see, the more you know".

RATIONALE

Aldous Huxley developed the credo "The more you see, the more you know", while Omniphasism is the theory that combines the best thinking from previous theories.

CONCEPT

Other Theories

Select the option below that is one of the 7 hues of visible light.

Black

Beige

Violet

White

RATIONALE

The seven hues of visible light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. These hues are arranged on the spectrum by wavelength.

CONCEPT

Color

Which statement describes how unity is shown in this painting?

The flow of the body angles

The contrast between light and dark

The emphasis in the brush strokes

The large amount of negative space

RATIONALE

Unity is best shown in this painting by the flow of the body angles. The complementing angles of the arms, legs and head create a reverse "S" flow that links the elements of the composition.

CONCEPT

Unity

Which of the statements below best describes the Gestalt Law of Common Fate?

Items that are lined up seem like a group, even if they have missing parts.

Items that move in the same direction seem like a group.

Items that look alike seem like a group.

Items that are close together seem like a group.

RATIONALE

Your eye will naturally group elements that appear to be moving in a similar direction towards a common end point, or fate.

CONCEPT

Gestalt Theory

Which element is featured most prominently in this image?

Shape

Line

Form

RATIONALE

Form is the most prominently featured element in this image. The combination of colors and values create three-dimensional forms that overlap, creating a sense of volume by its width, height and depth. Shapes are two-dimensional "flat" elements that lack depth. Lines are elements that are defined by their direction and length, but lack depth.

CONCEPT

Elements in Context

Which statement regarding the most prominent design principle in this painting is true?

Balance is most apparent because the farmhouse centers the piece, while the two figures balance each side.

Emphasis is most apparent because the pitchfork is a central element in the piece.

Contrast is most apparent, due to the contrast between the colors of the farmhouse and sky (i.e., white and blue).

Scale is most apparent because you can determine the size of the farmhouse based on the size of the figures.

RATIONALE

The most prominent design principle in the painting is balance, because the farmhouse centers the piece, while the two figures balance each side. Although scale is used to some effect, it is not the most prominent principle in the painting because the main elements are not sufficiently visible to compare their sizes. The sky and farm house do not display sharp contrast, due to their similar values, and as compared to the contrast between the two figures. The pitchfork does not display clear emphasis; it can be removed with little effect on the true focal point (i.e., the two figures).

CONCEPT

Principles in Context

Which of the following is the definition of a plane?

The third dimension that differentiates form from shape.

The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a form.

An area that has a width, a height, and a depth.

An area within a surface that extends to a specific direction or position.

RATIONALE

Within a two-dimensional surface, a plane extends off into a specific direction or position. A plane itself does not have a three-dimensional quality.

CONCEPT

Shape

Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to semiotic theory?

Projection is a key process that is defined by the theory.

Roland Barthes was a key figure in the development of the theory.

The theory incorporates a precise system of describing signs, including the terms symbol, icon, and index.

The theory is used in a variety of disciplines, including art, literature, and politics.

RATIONALE

Projection is not related to semiotics, as it is a mental process of the Cognitive Theory where the viewer projects meaning based on mental state and personal interpretation. Semiotic theory, developed in part by Roland Barthes, incorporates a precise system of describing signs, including the terms symbol, icon, and index used in a wide array of instances in everyday life.

CONCEPT

Semiotics

Which of the following is NOT an element of design?

Proximity

Color

Texture

Value

RATIONALE

Color, texture and value are elements of design.

Proximity is a principle of design.

CONCEPT

Elements Overview

How does value develop form?

By using dramatic lighting

By using texture and repeating elements

By using a grayscale between white and black

By using design principles

RATIONALE

Contrast is an effective way to create _________ in a design or image.

a focal point

a sense of rhythm

a sense of unity

RATIONALE

Contrast is most effective when there's a clear distinction between elements of the design, which in turn creates a focal point.

CONCEPT

Contrast

Which statement accurately analyzes the design principle evident in this painting?

Balance is shown by the rhythm in the brush strokes.

Contrast is shown by the stark difference in the colors of the elements in the painting.

Scale is shown by the positioning of the different elements in the painting.

RATIONALE

The design principle of contrast is most evident in this painting and is shown by the stark difference in the colors between elements in the painting.

Scale is not clearly used in this painting, while balance does lightly exist in the background on left and right, it's the contrasts between them and the man in the foreground is what stands out.

CONCEPT

Principles in Context

Which of the following is a term used in Gestalt Grouping Laws?

Emphasis

Kuleshov effect

Closure

Selectivity

RATIONALE

Closure is the law, connected to the Gestalt theory, that states elements may be understood as a complete whole if they are aligned, despite missing information.

CONCEPT

Gestalt Theory

Which of the following best defines emphasis?

Emphasis is the use of different design principles in a design.

Emphasis is the use of different colors in a design.

Emphasis is the use of a prominent element or focal area in a design.

Emphasis is the use of different design elements in a design.

RATIONALE

When proximity and contrast are used, a focal point is created which becomes emphasized.

CONCEPT

Emphasis

The visual communications theory that is used in many disciplines, and concerns itself with the study of signs and symbols, is __________.

Gestalt theory

montage theory

semiotics

cognitive theory

RATIONALE

Semiotics, or semiotic theory, is the study of how signs and symbols create their meaning.

CONCEPT

Semiotics

Which characteristic is a component of the line element in visual design?

Volume

Length

Balance

Shape

RATIONALE

Line is an element of visual design defined by length and direction.

CONCEPT

Line

How is rhythm shown in this image?

A limited color palette is used.

The sand has texture.

The lines visually repeat and show different forms of movement.

The sand is arranged in a variety of different patterns.

RATIONALE

Rhythm is best shown in the image by the repeated lines that indicate different forms of movement.

CONCEPT

Rhythm

Which of the following is a principle of design?

RATIONALE

Emphasis is a principle of design. Dot, pattern and line are elements of design.

CONCEPT

Principles Overview

Which of the following best defines dot?

Dot is a complex made of size and shape that anchors itself to any space.

Dot uses different design elements to show meaning in a given space.

Dot is a cluster of points that anchors itself to any space.

Dot uses tension to anchor itself to any space.

RATIONALE

When a series of dots or elements are grouped closely together, it is called a cluster. Tension can then be created between the dots, if one or several are moved closer than others.

CONCEPT

Dot

Which of the following is a visual communications theory that focuses on the viewer using a series of mental processes?

Omniphasism

Cognitive theory

Gestalt theory

Montage theory

RATIONALE

The series of mental processes involved in cognitive theory are memory, projection, expectation, selectivity, habituation, and salience.

CONCEPT

Cognitive Theory

Which of the following statements about montage theory is NOT true?

A Russian psychologist, Lev Kuleshov, experimented with montage.

It was pioneered by filmmakers in Russia.

It makes use of slow transitions from scene to scene.

It often depends on the use of conflicting or unrelated images.

RATIONALE

Montage is a theory pioneered by a Russian filmmaker named Sergei Eisenstein. It uses quick cuts or transitions between images, often unrelated, one after another. Lev Kuleshov was a key figure in an aspect of the montage theory, learning that viewing one image followed by another induces a thought. Thus, slow transitions from scene to scene is not an attribute of, or related to, Montage theory.

CONCEPT

Montage Theory

What is the difference between geometric and organic form?

Geometric form is one-dimensional. Organic form is three-dimensional.

Geometric form is defined by a simulation of natural substance. Organic form is mathematically constructed.

Geometric form can be mathematically constructed. Organic form is defined by its simulation of natural substance.

Geometric form lacks depth, and has two shapes. Organic form is defined by its simulation of natural substance, and is two-dimensional.

RATIONALE

Think: Geometry = math, angles and hard edges, whereas Organic = natural, irregular, curvy and varied contours.

CONCEPT

Form

Based on the listed characteristics, which item would be classified as a shape?

A plane, curved boundary lines, depth

Three-dimensional and straight, angular lines

Two-dimensional, three coordinates, rectilinear

A plane, two coordinates, an identifiable boundary

RATIONALE

Shapes are two-dimensional (i.e., they have two coordinates, height and width). They therefore lack depth, and have an identifiable boundary.

CONCEPT

Shape

Which of the following statements appropriately analyzes how texture is seen in this image of a Belgian waffle?

Texture is seen in the bumpy imperfections of exterior surface of the waffle.

Texture is seen in the repeating squares of the waffle.

Texture is seen in the organized arrangement of the squares of the waffle.

RATIONALE

Texture is seen in the bumpy imperfections of exterior surface of the waffle which can also be physically felt. The squares repeat in a 3 x 5 grid to create a pattern.

CONCEPT

Texture

Which model of communications theory states that a receiver gets a message from a sender?

Transmission model

Sensory communication model

Visual communication model

Perceptual communication model

RATIONALE

The source (or sender) communicates some sort of message, and will transmit this message through a channel, and on to the receiver. This is called the Transmission Model.

CONCEPT

Visual Communications

Which of the following is a description for electromagnetic radiation?

The color spectrum

Light

Light with the shortest wavelength

The unit used to measure light

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

How We See

Which statement describes how unity is shown in this painting?

The flow of the body angles

The contrast between light and dark

The large amount of negative space

The emphasis in the brush strokes

RATIONALE

Unity is best shown in this painting by the flow of the body angles. The complementing angles of the arms, legs and head create a reverse "S" flow that links the elements of the composition.

CONCEPT

Unity

Select the option below that is one of the 7 hues of visible light.

Beige

Black

Violet

White

RATIONALE

The seven hues of visible light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. These hues are arranged on the spectrum by wavelength.

CONCEPT

Color

Which of the following statements about asymmetrical balance is true?

Asymmetrical balance can have tension between the elements.

Asymmetrical balance depends on identical elements in a design.

Asymmetrical balance provides an even distribution of weight.

Asymmetrical balance relates to objects on a central axis.

RATIONALE

Asymmetrical balance provides more tension between the elements and it better navigates viewer's eye flow.

CONCEPT

Balance

How does value develop form?

By using dramatic lighting

By using design principles

By using texture and repeating elements

By using a grayscale between white and black

RATIONALE

Form is developed by using a grayscale between white and black values. This gradient creates the appearance of depth, which is what differentiates a form from a shape.

CONCEPT

Value

Which statement below relates to Constructivism?

It is a strategy that is often used in modern art.

It enables viewers to figure out the message, based on their past experiences.

It is a theory that has been useful in billboard design.

RATIONALE

Constructivism, a sensory-based theory of visual communications, asserts that eye movements capture a visual outline, and then the mind "constructs" understanding. It is helpful in billboard design because designers can think about how images are interpreted by drivers who pass them quickly.

CONCEPT

Other Theories

Which question reflects the consideration of proximity in visual design?

Should the space be high or low contrast?

When and how should I group elements?

Should the focal point be in the center?

RATIONALE

When using proximity, it is important to know how, when, and when not to group elements.

CONCEPT

Proximity

Which statement correctly describes the use of design elements in this photo?

The lines of the railroad track guide your eye towards a white dot, which serves as the focal point.

The focal point of the light at the end of the track creates a sense of balance.

The pattern of the leaves focuses the eye on the foreground.

RATIONALE

In the photo, the lines of the railroad track guide your eye towards a white dot, which serves as the focal point. The leaves do not focus the eye on the foreground, but serve as contrasting elements with the smooth white dot. Without the white dot as the focal point, the piece would remain balanced, due to other elements that work together to provide visual harmony.

CONCEPT

Semiotics

Which statement about scale and proportion is true?

They both can directly affect our perception of elements in an image.

They are design elements that positively impact the realistic nature of an image.

They are only applicable in photographic images.

RATIONALE

Scale and proportion can both directly affect our perception of elements in an image because they enable viewers to determine the size of something, based on the size of something else.

CONCEPT

Scale

Which of the following is NOT an element of design?

Line

Form

Unity

Space

RATIONALE

Space, form and line are elements of design.

Unity is a principle of design.

CONCEPT

Elements Overview

Which of the following terms describes the element that surrounds form?

Pattern

Shape

Surface

Space

RATIONALE

Which of the following best defines pattern?

Pattern is the arrangement of elements by size and color around a form.

Pattern is the formation of a consistent arrangement of exact or similar elements.

Pattern is repetition of space and scale in a symmetrical fashion.

RATIONALE

Pattern is best defined as the formation of a consistent arrangement of exact or similar elements. Elements do not need to be arranged around a form, nor maintain symmetry. Instead elements need only be similar and arranged in a consistent fashion to develop a pattern.

CONCEPT

Texture

Which of the following statements describes the function of the figure/ground relationship?

It differentiates form from shape.

It surrounds positive elements.

It lays the foundation of the composition.

It enables the viewer to see perceived depth.

RATIONALE

The figure/ground relationship refers to the relationship between form in the foreground and space in the background. This relationship enables the viewer to perceive depth by making elements appear to be closer to or further from the viewer.

CONCEPT

Space

Which of the following best defines visual communications?

A process by which an image conveys an idea or message to an audience in order to inform, sell, persuade, educate or entertain.

A process by which an image sells an idea or message to an audience.

A process by which an image focuses on the viewer's personal interpretation and prior experience.

A process by which an image transmits a message to a receiver.

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Visual Communications

Which of the following are the characteristics of dot?

A dot has a defined shape, line, and contrast.

A dot has emphasis, plane, and tension.

A dot has balance, proximity, and a position in space.

A dot has size, a unified shape, and a position in space.

RATIONALE

A singular dot is neutral in how it sits in space. It doesn't appear to move vertically or horizontally. There is no implied direction, it's simply anchored in space.

CONCEPT

Dot

How is rhythm shown in this image?

Rhythm is shown by the color at the start of the line (left) being yellow and the color at the end (right) being purple.

Rhythm is shown by the movement of line (left to right) through the colored squares, with each square smaller than the previous square.

Rhythm is shown by some squares having lines bordering them on all sides, and others not having any lines bordering them.

RATIONALE

Rhythm is shown in the image through the movement of line through the colored squares. Each line is half the size of the previous, a pattern that can be compared to a beat that speeds up by 50% with each square.

CONCEPT

Rhythm

Which of the following best defines symmetrical balance in a design?

If you drew a line through the center of the design, both sides would be exactly the same.

If you divided the design into four quadrants, all four quadrants would look exactly the same.

If you drew horizontal and vertical lines through an off-center axis of the design, both sides would be exactly the same.

If you drew a line through an off-center axis of the design, both sides would be exactly the same.

RATIONALE

Symmetrical balance in a design can be demonstrated by a line drawn through the center of the design, which produces a result in which both sides of the design are exactly the same.

CONCEPT

Balance

Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to semiotic theory?

Roland Barthes was a key figure in the development of the theory.

Projection is a key process that is defined by the theory.

The theory incorporates a precise system of describing signs, including the terms symbol, icon, and index.

The theory is used in a variety of disciplines, including art, literature, and politics.

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Semiotics

How is unity shown in this painting?

Unity is shown by the placement of the large dark tree on the left in the foreground of the painting.

Unity is shown by the individual brush strokes used throughout the painting.

Unity is shown by the placement of the houses and church between the foreground and background.

RATIONALE

Unity is shown by the individual brush strokes used throughout the painting, which create visual oneness between all elements.

CONCEPT

Principles in Context

How does proportion help viewers to identify the scale of the building in the image?

When compared to the sidewalk, the size of the statues near the entrance gives viewers a sense of how large the building is.

The size of the bushes can be compared to the size of the building, giving a sense of scale to both the bushes and the building.

The size of the flag atop the building, compared to the size of the windows on the building, gives viewers a sense of how large the building is.

RATIONALE

Which of the following defines the term “gradient?”

A range from light to dark

The absence of light

The stark difference between tones in a visual design work

The illumination aspect of form

RATIONALE

Gradient is part of the design element value. It refers to the range between light and dark that develops form integrity.

CONCEPT

Value

If Roslyn loved the beautiful hues in the sunset last evening, what was it specifically that she loved?

She loved the saturation in the sky.

She loved the pattern in the sky.

She loved the textures in the sky.

She loved the colors in the sky.

RATIONALE

If Roslyn loved the hues in the sunset, she loved the colors in the sky. Hue is another word for color (e.g., red hue, blue hue, golden hue). Saturation refers to the intensity of hues, while patterns are elements that are arranged or repeat consistently.

CONCEPT

Color

Which of the following are the characteristics of the line element in visual design?

A line has movement, weight, length, and direction.

A line has proximity, length, movement, and a position in space.

A line has emphasis, weight, balance, and a shape.

A line has a defined shape, contrast, plane, and direction.

RATIONALE

Line is used to imply direction, provide energy and a sense of movement. You can increase the sense of movement by adjusting the length and line weight, or the thickness of the line.

CONCEPT

Line

How does a form differ from shape?

Form has the third dimension of depth.

Form is defined by its allegiance to mathematical construction.

Form has more than three sides.

Shape has more volume than form.

RATIONALE

Form has the third dimension of depth, while shape has only height and width.

CONCEPT

Form

Which of the following is an element of visual design?

RATIONALE

Line is an element of design. Unity, balance, and rhythm are principles of design.

CONCEPT

Elements Overview

Which statement is true of Soviet Montage?

It is an approach to filmmaking that contrasts black-and-white imagery with color imagery.

It is an editing technique pioneered by a Russian psychologist that focuses on inducing a unique thought from two varied pictures.

It is a technique often used to intensify suspense and horror in film.

It imparts meaning through quick film editing and the juxtaposition of unrelated or conflicting images shown in rapid succession.

RATIONALE

Soviet Montage is an approach to filmmaking which uses quick film editing and the juxtaposition of unrelated or conflicting images in rapid succession to impart meaning.

CONCEPT

Montage Theory

How do the elements of a design show unity?

If the elements of a design are unbalanced

If the elements of a design lack space

If the elements of a design distract attention from one another

If the elements of a design work together in harmony

RATIONALE

Unity in a design is shown when elements work together to create harmony and wholeness in a composition. Unified designs can become disjointed or unbalanced when a single element is removed.

CONCEPT

Unity

Which of the following statements describes the central principle of Gestalt theory?

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

The whole is greater than each part.

The whole is perceived as complete, even if some information is missing.

The whole creates a steady flow of direction.

RATIONALE

The Gestalt theory is based of the central idea of the whole being greater than the sum of its parts. The whole can't be greater than each part because then the part would be the focus, rather than the whole. The whole being perceived as complete, even with information missing (Law of Closure), is one principle of the Gestalt theory, but not the central concept. Similarly, the whole creating a steady flow of direction (Law of Common Fate) is a principle of the Gestalt theory, but not the central concept.

CONCEPT

Gestalt Theory

How is the element of space used in this photograph?

The negative space around the woman creates a flat appearance of space with the sky, woman and the ground.

The negative space around the woman appears to be closer to the camera while the woman appears to be in the background.

The negative space around the woman enables viewers to perceive depth.

RATIONALE

Space is used to create negative space around the woman, who serves as the positive space. Space distinguishes the silhouettes as foreground elements while separating them from the background elements.

CONCEPT

Elements in Context

How is proximity shown in the image?

The cool blue of the water is a striking contrast to the warm colors of the beach.

The eyes are drawn to the boats because they're located in the center of the image.

The color of the water gradually changes from deep blue to light blue.

The boats are all anchored closely together.

RATIONALE

In the image, the boats are anchored closely together to create visual tension. In contrast, there is space between the smaller elements on the beach, creating visual relief from the tension created by proximity of the boats.

CONCEPT

Proximity

Why are the trees in the foreground the focal point of this image?

Because they are in low contrast to the background.

Because they are presented in black and white.

Because they are in high contrast to the rest of the image.

Because they are not centered in the image.

RATIONALE

The trees create a focal point, based on the high contrast between the white snow and the trees in the foreground, against the foggy background.

CONCEPT

Contrast

Which of the following key terms is a person using when he/she only sees an orange cat in a room full of cats?

Expectation

Projection

Selectivity

Habituation

RATIONALE

The person is filters out the other cats, and only focuses on what is relevant at the time, in this case, the orange cat.

CONCEPT

Cognitive Theory

Who is Paul Lester?

A visual communications theorist who placed value on studying the complete range of media production techniques.

A visual communications theorist whose work created the Omniphasism Model.

A visual communications theorist who developed the practice of incorporating the best methods from previous theories.

A visual communications theorist whose credo was "The more you see, the more you know".

RATIONALE

Aldous Huxley developed the credo "The more you see, the more you know", while Omniphasism is the theory that combines the best thinking from previous theories.

CONCEPT

Other Theories

Which answer correctly identifies the part of the human vision system that is part of the retina?

Rods

Pupil

Optic nerve

Visual cortex

RATIONALE

Rods (as well as cones) are part of the retina which is located at the back of the eye. The visual cortex is in the back part of the brain, and processes visual information, while the optic nerve connects the retina to the visual cortex. The pupil is located at the front of the eyeball and regulates the amount of light into the eye that strikes the retina.

CONCEPT

How We See

Which of the following best explains why emphasis is important in a design?

Emphasis creates a focal point for the viewer.

Emphasis creates movement that draws the viewer to a specific location in the design.

Emphasis depends on other design elements to attract the viewer's attention.

Emphasis depends on other design principles to attract the viewer's attention.

RATIONALE

A significant way a designer is able to effectively convey a message or idea, is by dictating where the viewer's eye should go, via a focal point.

CONCEPT

Emphasis

Which of the following is the definition of a plane?

An area that has a width, a height, and a depth.

An area within a surface that extends to a specific direction or position.

The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a form.

The third dimension that differentiates form from shape.

RATIONALE

Within a two-dimensional surface, a plane extends off into a specific direction or position. A plane itself does not have a three-dimensional quality.

CONCEPT

Shape

Which one of the following is NOT a principle of design?

Rhythm

Value

Scale

Proximity

RATIONALE

Which statement best analyzes unity in this image?

Unity is shown through the different colors as the buildings recede into the distance.

The ripples in the water, paired with the subtle lines in the clouds, create unity.

The positioning of the sky, buildings, and water, coupled with the bridge which anchors them together, creates unity.

Which of the following visual design elements is featured in this image?

Space

Dot

Contrast

Shape

Which one of the following characteristics is NOT related to shape?

Width and height

Three-dimensional

Identifiable boundary

Potential to be curvy

According to the cognitive theory, which is the best example of salience?

Because Larry was focused on counting the pigeons he was feeding, he missed the celebrity who walked past him.

After hearing Aaron's accent, Jayme determined he would be a great addition to the team.

Lavonne saw a school bus that he used to ride as a kid.

Thad began dating Angie six months ago, and now feels like he's falling in love with her.

How tall is a word that is set in 72-point type?

One inch

One pica

One-half inch

RATIONALE

A point is 1/72 of an inch, therefore 72-point type is one inch tall.

CONCEPT

Size

Digital technology provided an improvement that freed designers from the limitations of __________.

TrueType

monospaced type

proportional type

OpenType

RATIONALE

Monospace is the type of letter spacing in which each character takes up the same amount of space. It was the common way to set type before advances in digital technology. Previously, designers manually maneuvered text to compose their layouts. Now they can use fonts that have been automatically adjusted — or that they can quickly and precisely adjust — via software programs.

CONCEPT

Influence of Technology

Which of the following defines a typeface?

Contains the name of the publisher, family, weight, posture and width

A member of a complete set of letters, numbers and punctuation symbols

A capital letter form using different weights and widths

Contains all capital letterforms, of consistent posture and width

RATIONALE

A typeface is defined by the name of the publisher, family, weight, posture and width.

CONCEPT

Describing Type

Which type alignments are easiest to read?

Right and justified alignments

Left and justified alignments

Left and centered alignments

Right and centered alignments

RATIONALE

Left and justified alignments are the easiest to read because they provide a natural eye flow and consistent blocks of text.

CONCEPT

Type Alignment

Which of the following best defines the subtractive color process?

The mixing of powdered color; mixing color that is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by pigment.

The mixing of color with pigment; subtractive color is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by pigment.

The mixing of subtractive color; using PMS color that is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by pigment.

RATIONALE

Subtractive color is the mixing of color with pigment. It is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by the pigment.

CONCEPT

Subtractive Color

Which of the following typographic features is present in this image?

Sans serif typeface

Initial capital letter

Italic typeface

Slanted typeface

RATIONALE

The image illustrates a large and decorative initial capital letter that precedes the rest of the body copy.

CONCEPT

Italic, Script, and Decorative Type

In relation to the subtractive color wheel, which statement describes a secondary color?

A hue that results from mixing two primary colors in equal amounts

A hue that results from mixing the triad of red, green and blue

A hue that results from three primary colors being mixed together

RATIONALE

A secondary color is a hue that results from mixing two primary colors in equal amounts. For example, purple, orange, and green are secondary colors created by mixing a corresponding set of primary colors.

CONCEPT

The Color Wheel

The computer graphics and 3D software programs that are used to create characters, spaceships, and worlds for big-screen films use which color process?

Four color

Pantone

Additive

Subtractive

RATIONALE

Computer graphics and 3D software programs use the additive color process to create images for movies and television. Light is mixed and projected to create the variety of colors in the visible spectrum.

CONCEPT

Color in Context

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_Newburg_advertisement,_1935.jpg

Which of the layout styles below is used in this image?

Picture window

Frame

Rebus

Big type

RATIONALE

The most prominent layout style in the image is Big type, which as the name implies, is a layout style characterized by the use of a very large headline.

CONCEPT

Common Layout Styles

Which of the following color relationships is in this poster?

Split complementary color

Analogous color

Tertiary color

Complementary color

RATIONALE

The B.B. King poster uses purple and yellow which are complementary colors because they are located opposite each other on the color wheel.

CONCEPT

Color Relationships

Which typographic example applies hierarchy principles?

RATIONALE

The DONATE BLOOD TO SAVE LIVES typographic image applies hierarchy principles. Different typefaces, weights, and sizes are used to emphasize DONATE and SAVE LIVES, while BLOOD and TO are of secondary importance.

CONCEPT

Hierarchy

Which one of the following items describes a component contained in this newspaper design?

Script typeface

Right aligned type

Monochromatic

Display type

RATIONALE

Display type is a prominent component of this newspaper design. Display type is a typeface intended for use in large sizes in headings, rather than in large bodies of text.

CONCEPT

Organizing Space

Which of the following is the best description of WYSIWYG?

Used in the Gutenberg Bible to create layouts for better readability

Describes the ability to see type and image detail on a computer screen that is the equivalent of the printed version

Method used to choose the size and shape of the typeface to match marketing profiles

Used primarily to produce golden section proportions in design projects

RATIONALE

WYSIWYG is an acronym that describes the ability to view type and image detail on a computer screen that is the equivalent of the printed version: What You See Is What You Get.

CONCEPT

Type & Image

When laying out a project, why is it important to carefully consider spacing, typeface and posture?

These choices guide the eye to focus on the most important details first.

These choices enable designers to generate the most creative design possible.

These choices prevent designers from placing text too close together.

These choices produce easy reading, which is always the goal of design.

RATIONALE

When laying out a project, it's important to consider how spacing, typeface and posture guide the eye to focus on the most important details first. Spacing, typeface and posture play important roles in establishing a hierarchy within a layout or design.

CONCEPT

Type in Context

What is the correct description for the classification of type called "Old Style"?

This style is characterized by a geometric quality, with hairline thin serifs and extreme contrast between thick and thin strokes.

This style is characterized by slab serifs and the use of even-weight strokes.

This style is characterized by low contrast between thick and thin strokes, and distinctive numerals.

This style is characterized by elaborate, straight, angular strokes.

RATIONALE

Old style is a type classification characterized by low contrast between thick and thin strokes and distinctive numerals.

CONCEPT

History of Type

Which of the following correctly defines the saturation of a color?

The intensity of the color

The transparency of a color

The lightness or darkness of the color

The temperature of the color in degrees Kelvin

RATIONALE

Saturation refers to the intensity of a color, usually impacting the purity or vividness of a color.

CONCEPT

Properties of Color

[Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mcdonalds-90s-logo.svg

Why do fast-food chains use red and yellow?

To lower your blood pressure, and catch your eye

To appeal to children and reduce stress

To trigger appetite, happiness, and attraction

To create a sense of mystery and raise your blood pressure

RATIONALE

Many fast-food chains use red and yellow to trigger appetite, happiness and attraction. Red is often used to call attention, and to stimulate the sense of smell and appetite. Yellow is linked to warmth and happiness, but it can be overpowering when it is not paired with another color.

CONCEPT

Applications of Color

When creating a graphic on your computer screen for a website, which color system would you use?

Hexadecimal color

CMYK

PMS

Subtractive color

RATIONALE

When creating a graphic on computer screen for use on a website, hexadecimal color is used to assign six-digit values that are a combination of letters (A through F) and numerals (0 through 9). Each pair of characters corresponds to an RGB value, which is combined through the additive color process to create the color desired. Therefore, FFFFFF combines the maximum value of red, green and blue to create white, while 000000 combines the lowest value of red, green, blue to create black.

CONCEPT

Additive Color

When red and grey are mixed together, the result is a different __________ of red.

tone

complement

tint

shade

RATIONALE

When grey is mixed with any color, a tone is created.

CONCEPT

Tints, Tones, and Shades

Which of the following terms is a description of type width?

Light

Semibold

Italic

Condensed

RATIONALE

Condensed describes a type width that is narrower than its standard counterpart.

CONCEPT

Weight & Width

Which of the following terms describes the sketch in this photo?

Modular drawing

WYSIWYG drawing

Bleed drawing

Wireframe drawing

RATIONALE

The photo shows a sketch of a wireframe, a schematic diagram of the underlying structure of a webpage.

CONCEPT

Applications of Layout

Which one of the following layout terms applies to this poster design?

Grid

The International Style

Circus

Mondrian

RATIONALE

A grid serves as the underlying structure upon which this layout was built.

CONCEPT

The Grid

Which of these terms relates to the white space between lines of type?

Tracking

X-Height

Kerning

Leading

RATIONALE

Leading refers to the white space between lines of type. Before the introduction of electronic typesetting, strips of lead were placed between type in order to create linespacing. Today, graphic design software enables designers to adjust leading as desired.

CONCEPT

Spacing

Which two types of text alignment are used in this page layout?

Right alignment and free form

Centered alignment and justified alignment

Free form and justified alignment

Centered alignment and left alignment

RATIONALE

What is the correct description for the classification of type called "Old Style"?

This style is characterized by a geometric quality, with hairline thin serifs and extreme contrast between thick and thin strokes.

This style is characterized by elaborate, straight, angular strokes.

This style is characterized by low contrast between thick and thin strokes, and distinctive numerals.

This style is characterized by slab serifs and the use of even-weight strokes.

RATIONALE

Old style is a type classification characterized by low contrast between thick and thin strokes and distinctive numerals.

CONCEPT

History of Type

Which one of the following items describes a component contained in this newspaper design?

Right aligned type

Display type

Monochromatic

Script typeface

RATIONALE

Display type is a prominent component of this newspaper design. Display type is a typeface intended for use in large sizes in headings, rather than in large bodies of text.

CONCEPT

Organizing Space

[Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Colorwheel.svg/540px-Colorwheel.svg.png

Which of the following are split complementary colors?

Blue, yellow-orange, and green

Blue-green, violet, and orange

Green, blue-green, and violet

Yellow-orange, blue, and violet

RATIONALE

Yellow-orange, blue and violet are split complementary colors. Split complementary colors consist of one main hue, such as yellow-orange, and two hues located on either side of its complement. The complement of yellow-orange is blue-violet. Blue and violet are located on either side of blue-violet, and act as the remaining hues.

CONCEPT

Color Relationships

(n.d.). Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_Newburg_advertisement,_1935.jpg

Which of the layout styles below is used in this image?

Picture window

Frame

Rebus

Big type

RATIONALE

The most prominent layout style in the image is Big type, which as the name implies, is a layout style characterized by the use of a very large headline.

CONCEPT

Common Layout Styles

Which one of the following items is a characteristic of grayscale?

The steps change in hue.

It is used to measure saturation.

Each swatch is a step in value.

It contains grays mixed with one hue.

RATIONALE

Within a grayscale, each swatch is a step in value. Each swatch progresses from a darker value to a lighter value with a range of grays forming the steps.

CONCEPT

Tints, Tones, and Shades

Which type alignments are easiest to read?

Right and centered alignments

Left and centered alignments

Left and justified alignments

Right and justified alignments

RATIONALE

Left and justified alignments are the easiest to read because they provide a natural eye flow and consistent blocks of text.

CONCEPT

Type Alignment

Which of the following describes type weight?

The baseline of a letter stroke

The width of a letter stroke

The thickness of a letter stroke

The x-height of a letter stroke

RATIONALE

Type weight indicates the thickness of a letter stroke. A thick type weight is commonly referred to as bold.

CONCEPT

Weight & Width

When thinking about a layout for a smartphone screen, what is an important initial question to ask?

Will viewers be inspired by this layout?

What do you want viewers to see first?

How many colors can I use?

RATIONALE

When thinking about a layout for a smartphone screen, it's important to ask what do you want viewers to see first? Because a phone has limited visual real estate (relative to devices with larger screens), it's important to establish a clear hierarchy so that the most effective layout style — one that enables viewers to navigate easily — will be used.

CONCEPT

Applications of Layout

Which of the terms listed below best describes the use of color in this sustainability poster?

Chromotherapeutic use of color

Symbolic use of color

Monochromatic use of color

RATIONALE

The sustainability poster, which advertises a rating system for sustainability, illustrates the symbolic use of color. Institutions often use blue to symbolize professionalism and trust, while green is used to symbolize renewal, or eco-friendly products and services.

CONCEPT

Applications of Color

Which typographic example applies hierarchy principles?

CONCEPT

Hierarchy

Claude Monet, Water Lilies, 1916, Oil on canvas

[Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monet_Water_Lilies_1916.jpg

Which list below describes the use of color in this painting?

Mixing of color with light, warm colors, and the use of darkness

Primary colors, the use of value, and saturation

Analogous colors, hexadecimal colors, and complementary colors

Cool colors, the use of pigments, and analogous colors

RATIONALE

This painting illustrates the use of cool colors, the use of pigments, and analogous colors. Oil-based pigments were used to compose this design, which is comprised primarily of analogous colors (i.e., those that are located next to each other on the color wheel). The color palette is cool, including greens, blues and violets; it does not make great use of primary colors or warm colors. Hexadecimal colors are not used because this is not a digital image.

CONCEPT

Color in Context

Based on this color wheel, which of the following is a secondary color?

Red

Blue

Green

Yellow

RATIONALE

Green is a secondary color because it is created by mixing two primary colors, blue and yellow.

CONCEPT

The Color Wheel

Which of the following is the best description of WYSIWYG?

Used in the Gutenberg Bible to create layouts for better readability

Used primarily to produce golden section proportions in design projects

Describes the ability to see type and image detail on a computer screen that is the equivalent of the printed version

Method used to choose the size and shape of the typeface to match marketing profiles

RATIONALE

WYSIWYG is an acronym that describes the ability to view type and image detail on a computer screen that is the equivalent of the printed version: What You See Is What You Get.

CONCEPT

Type & Image

Which of the following correctly defines the saturation of a color?

The intensity of the color

The lightness or darkness of the color

The temperature of the color in degrees Kelvin

The transparency of a color

RATIONALE

Saturation refers to the intensity of a color, usually impacting the purity or vividness of a color.

CONCEPT

Properties of Color

Which of the following is the name of the type family shown?

Semibold

Baskerville

Sans serif

Italic

RATIONALE

Baskerville is the name of the type family shown. Semibold refers to the weight or thickness of the type, while italic refers to the posture of the type, which slants to the right.

CONCEPT

Describing Type

How tall is a word that is set in 72-point type?

One inch

One pica

One-half inch

RATIONALE

A point is 1/72 of an inch, therefore 72-point type is one inch tall.

CONCEPT

Size

Which of the following best defines the subtractive color process?

The mixing of color with pigment; subtractive color is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by pigment.

The mixing of powdered color; mixing color that is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by pigment.

The mixing of subtractive color; using PMS color that is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by pigment.

RATIONALE

Subtractive color is the mixing of color with pigment. It is seen when light is absorbed or reflected by the pigment.

CONCEPT

Subtractive Color

Why is a type specimen useful?

It makes it easier to determine which font will be best suited for use in a magazine layout.

It enables the designer to select which font is best suited for use on the web.

It quickly showcases the typeface in a variety of situations which helps designers to visualize it in their projects.

It creates an environment to quickly determine the best color type for a project.

RATIONALE

A type specimen is useful because it quickly showcases the typeface in a variety of situations, which helps designers visualize it in their projects.

CONCEPT

Type in Context

Which principle or element of layout design is highlighted in this event poster?

A sub-headline

A headline

A caption

A column

RATIONALE

The element highlighted in the event poster is a sub-headline. A sub-headline is a secondary headline — smaller than the main headline — that usually expands on the information provided by the main headline above it.

CONCEPT

Layouts in Context

Which answer correctly describes the Postscript Type 1 font format?

A font format developed by Microsoft, with versions available for both Windows and Macintosh computers

A font format that was developed by Apple and only works on Macintosh computers

The most recent font file format that works on both Windows and Macintosh computers

The font format developed by Adobe that consists of two computer files

RATIONALE

Like OpenType, Postscript Type 1 is a font format developed by Adobe, but this format consists of two files. Postscript Type 1 fonts are sometimes pre-loaded on computers, and can also be downloaded from various font sites. Postscript Type 1 files use a .PS extension.

CONCEPT

Influence of Technology

What is the difference between a slanted typeface and an italic typeface?

Italic type is computer generated. Slanted type is based on hand-crafted script.

Italic type is designed specifically to slant to the right. Slanted type is regular type that is slanted by a machine.

Italic type has serifs. Slanted type is sans-serif.

Italic type has poor readability. Slanted type has good readability.

RATIONALE

Italic type is designed to slant to the right. Slanted type is regular type that is slanted by a machine.

CONCEPT

Italic, Script, and Decorative Type

A computer monitor is a good example of which of the following color mixing processes?

Additive color

Pantone color

Complementary color

Subtractive color

RATIONALE

A computer monitor uses light to display color and therefore uses the additive color process when mixing colors.

CONCEPT

Additive Color

Which of these terms relates to the white space between lines of type?

X-Height

Kerning

Leading

Tracking

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Spacing

Comparing the International Style Movement to the de Stijl Style Movement, which statement is accurate?

The de Stijl Style and International Style Movements both originated in Switzerland.

de Stijl and International Styles both focus on serif type arrangements.

de Stijl focuses on primary colors, while the International Style is not tied to a color scheme.

International Style is loose and decorative, while de Stijl Style is rigid and grid-based.

RATIONALE

What are some of the characteristics of the Blackletter typeface?

Blacketter was based on ancient roman inscriptions and has a contrast between thick and thin strokes.

Blacketter originated in the 1400's and is known for its symmetry and strokes of even weight.

Blacketter was based on written manuscripts and has elaborate, angular strokes.

Blacketter was popularized by the Bauhaus movement and includes thin serifs.

RATIONALE

The Blackletter typeface was developed in the 1400s and was based on written manuscripts with elaborate, angular strokes.

CONCEPT

History of Type

Which of the following statements is true about this color wheel?

The color wheel uses the subtractive color model and is a circular arrangement of hues ordered as they appear in the light color spectrum.

The color wheel uses the additive color model and is a circular arrangement of randomly ordered hues.

The color wheel uses a subtractive color model and is a circular arrangement of tones arranged by levels of saturation.

The color wheel is an additive color model and uses an arrangement of hues ordered by tertiary colors.

RATIONALE

This color wheel uses the subtractive color model and displays a circular arrangement of hues ordered as they appear in the light color spectrum. In the additive color wheel, colors combine to create white, rather than black.

CONCEPT

The Color Wheel

Which example represents proper usage of decorative type?

Anil uses decorative type for his entire paragraph to keep his design fun.

Cedric includes decorative type in his headline to draw attention to his design.

Patricia uses decorative type for her company website address on train station advertisements.

Margo uses decorative type for captions below photos in a magazine.

RATIONALE

Decorative text is generally best suited for titles or single letters because it can be hard to read in longer bodies of text.

CONCEPT

Italic, Script, and Decorative Type

Which of the following is the name of the type family shown?

Semibold

Sans serif

Italic

Baskerville

RATIONALE

Baskerville is the name of the type family shown. Semibold refers to the weight or thickness of the type, while italic refers to the posture of the type, which slants to the right.

CONCEPT

Describing Type

Which element is featured prominently in this layout grid?

Gutter

Bleeds

Captions

Columns

RATIONALE

The columns of text are prominently featured in this layout grid. The caption and gutter do not appear in this layout. There is also no item that bleeds off the edge of the layout.

CONCEPT

Organizing Space

Which list orders the elements from most prominent to least prominent?

Headline, body copy, caption

Headline, caption, body copy

Headline, image, subhead

Headline, subhead, body copy

RATIONALE

The elements of visual hierarchy that are arranged from most to least prominent are headline, subhead, and body copy. Captions are typically less prominent than body copy.

CONCEPT

Hierarchy

Which statement correctly explains kerning?

Kerning is the white space between two lines of type.

Kerning is the white space between two letters.

Kerning is the version of a typeface that is wider than its regular form.

Kerning is the spacing across a range of words in body copy.

RATIONALE

Kerning is the white space between two letters. Designers can manually adjust the kerning between two letters in a font so that the white space will appear to be even.

CONCEPT

Spacing

When thinking about a layout for a smartphone screen, what is an important initial question to ask?

How many colors can I use?

Will viewers be inspired by this layout?

What do you want viewers to see first?

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Applications of Layout

Select the last stage of the desktop publishing cycle.

Taking digital photographs with a digital camera

Writing the copy with word processing software

Outputting printed pages through a laser printer

Combining words and images with page layout software

RATIONALE

After writing copy, taking photographs, and combining them using page layout software, the final stage in the desktop publishing cycle is outputting printed pages through a laser printer.

CONCEPT

Type & Image

Why is paragraph alignment important?

The paragraph alignment is the framework on which a design is built.

Paragraph alignment impacts reading speed and how the eye is led through a design.

The paragraph alignment creates unity in a design.

RATIONALE

Paragraph alignment is important because it impacts reading speed and how the eye is led through a design. When paragraph alignment is scattered or inconsistent it does not provide a smooth eye flow for the viewer.

CONCEPT

Type in Context

Which of the layout characteristics listed below is contained in this image?

Left alignment

Headline

Justified type

Right alignment

RATIONALE

The layout contains justified type, which are lines of type that align along both a left and a right margin to create blocks of text.

CONCEPT

Type Alignment

Which answer correctly describes the Postscript Type 1 font format?

The most recent font file format that works on both Windows and Macintosh computers

The font format developed by Adobe that consists of two computer files

A font format developed by Microsoft, with versions available for both Windows and Macintosh computers

A font format that was developed by Apple and only works on Macintosh computers

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Influence of Technology

Which set of hues in the list below is a complementary pair?

Green and gold

Violet and green

Blue and red

Purple and yellow

RATIONALE

Purple and yellow are complementary colors because they are located opposite each other on the color wheel.

CONCEPT

Color Relationships

Which statement is correct as it relates to color use in Eastern culture?

You would likely see red used at a traditional wedding, because it is a symbol of prosperity.

Green is often used during traditional holidays because it represents happiness.

You would see black used at a funeral as a symbol of death and mourning.

At the turn of the New Year, you would see white, symbolic of good fortune.

RATIONALE

In Eastern culture red is used at traditional weddings. It is symbolic of prosperity, happiness, and good fortune.

CONCEPT

Applications of Color

Which of the following is an example of subtractive color?

An image, shown on a television screen

A page layout, displayed on a computer screen

A photograph, printed on paper

A PowerPoint presentation, projected

RATIONALE

A photograph printed on paper is an example of subtractive color because pigment, not light, is used to create the mix of colors on the paper.

CONCEPT

Subtractive Color

Claude Monet, Water Lilies, 1916, Oil on canvas

[Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monet_Water_Lilies_1916.jpg

Which list below describes the use of color in this painting?

Analogous colors, hexadecimal colors, and complementary colors

Mixing of color with light, warm colors, and the use of darkness

Cool colors, the use of pigments, and analogous colors

Primary colors, the use of value, and saturation

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Color in Context

Why is color temperature important in design?

Color temperature changes the balance of the design.

Color temperature changes the principles of the design.

Color temperature changes the elements of the design.

Color temperature changes the mood of the design.

RATIONALE

Color temperature is important in design because it changes the mood of the design. Color can influence the "feeling" of a design as, for example, in a snowy scene in which the sky is a warm color, such as red, versus one in which the sky is a cool color, like blue.

CONCEPT

Properties of Color

A computer monitor is a good example of which of the following color mixing processes?

Complementary color

Pantone color

Subtractive color

Additive color

RATIONALE

A computer monitor uses light to display color and therefore uses the additive color process when mixing colors.

CONCEPT

Additive Color

Examine the two type examples. They are shown in the same point size. Why do they look different?

One of the fonts needs to be kerned.

The fonts have two different X-heights.

One of the fonts has been tracked very loosely.

RATIONALE

The two fonts appear different in size because they have different X-heights. Recall that x-height is the vertical distance from the baseline to the mean line The first example has a higher mean llne and shorter ascenders and descenders. The second example has a lower mean line and taller ascenders and descenders. This makes the second type example appear smaller than the first, even though the two types are the same vertical point size.

CONCEPT

Size

Mixing dabs of red and black acrylic paint, each straight from the tube, will result in a __________ of red.

tint

tone

shade

complement

RATIONALE

When a hue is mixed with black, a shade is created.

CONCEPT

Tints, Tones, and Shades

Comparing the International Style Movement to the de Stijl Style Movement, which statement is accurate?

de Stijl focuses on primary colors, while the International Style is not tied to a color scheme.

de Stijl and International Styles both focus on serif type arrangements.

The de Stijl Style and International Style Movements both originated in Switzerland.

International Style is loose and decorative, while de Stijl Style is rigid and grid-based.

RATIONALE

When comparing the International Style Movement to the de Stijl Style Movement, de Stijl focuses on primary colors, while the International Style is not tied to a color scheme.

CONCEPT

The Grid

Which words from the sentence are a regular weight?

on the grass.

This morning

there was snow

RATIONALE

"This morning" illustrates a thin type, "there was snow" illustrates a bold type, and "on the grass" illustrates a regular type.

CONCEPT

Weight & Width

Which principle or element of layout design is highlighted in this event poster?

A column

A sub-headline

A headline

A caption

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Layouts in Context

A grid-based layout commonly used in website design is called what?

Mondrian

Silhouette

Circus

Rebus

Which style of type alignment is formal?

Right

Centered

Free form

Justified

Which item describes the attributes of a picture window layout?

It is characterized by its extensive range of design elements, which create an active and dynamic layout.

A large image with a headline above the vertical layout, followed by the body copy

The use of a border around the edge gives the content an organized feel.

The elements appear to be cut out from the background, giving the layout a striking appearance.

Which type classification that emerged during the early 1800s is characterized by letterforms with slab serifs?

Modern

Transitional

Old Style

Egyptian

How are wireframes used?

Wireframes help web designers to develop the structure of their websites.

Wireframes are used in print layout.

Wireframes contain typeface choices for web and graphic designers.

Wireframes enable web and graphic designers to create colors to use in their designs.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about this image?

The image shows a wide range of value.

The image shows a wide range of lightness.

The image shows a wide range of temperatures.

The image shows a wide range of elements.

How is type measured?

With picas and inches

With points and picas

With points and inches

With inches and centimeters

What is the purpose of crisis management?

To manage an integrated marketing campaign

To change the meaning of an ad campaign

To restore the good reputation of an entity that has been tarnished by an event or incident

To manipulate the public to accept a point of view

CONCEPT

Public Relations

Which scenario is part of the production step in a project to build a banner ad for a dog walking service?

Finalizing the layout with the art director, based on feedback on the prototype

Getting approval on the budget for the project from the client

A designer building the ad in a software program that will be sent to a media distributor

RATIONALE

A designer building the ad in a software program that will be sent to a media distributor is part of the production process. When a designer completes the design of a banner, he or she sends it to a media distributor who uploads or prints it for distribution.

CONCEPT

Production

Which critique strategy is used to improve design work?

Use of nature exploration

Describing the project

Summarizing critique findings

Re-cap of project specs

CONCEPT

Strategizing to Improve the Work

Which item describes an advantage of using storytelling to present a product or service to a consumer?

Storytelling presents quantitative information.

Storytelling explains by means of a visual audit.

Storytelling engages the consumer by making an emotional appeal.

Storytelling reviews the design brief.

CONCEPT

Storytelling

Which of the following terms is related to the development of advertising?

All of the answer choices are correct.

Unique selling proposition

Demographic

Target audience

CONCEPT

Advertising

Which motion graphics designer created this distinctive movie poster?

Masigmo Vignelli

Saul Bass

Josef Müller-Brockmann

Walt Disney

CONCEPT

Motion Graphics

Prototypes are generally created for what purpose?

Marketing and public relations

Observation and testing

Distribution and sales

RATIONALE

Prototypes are created for observation and testing, and do not always reflect the final appearance or functionality of a design. A design can be refined to its necessary attributes by observing and testing a prototype.

CONCEPT

Refinement

With respect to web design, which item correctly defines "mouse-over?"

A wire map that requires a mouse

A reaction on a screen caused by the use of an input device

A time-based design that includes elements that move

The development of pages transmitted across a worldwide network of computers

CONCEPT

Web Design

Which type of corporate branding material is displayed in this image?

A logo suite

A letterhead suite

A Corporate Identity Manual

RATIONALE

The image displays a letterhead suite: correspondence materials that have been designed to identify and promote a company brand according to established guidelines.

CONCEPT

Corporate Branding

Why is the critical analysis portion of a critique so important?

Because the facilitator can use leading questions

Because the strengths and weaknesses of the work are discussed

Because a vote is usually taken

Because everyone has a chance to speak

CONCEPT

Critically Analyzing the Work

What is a common design strategy used to create a magazine cover?

To represent the content in a thematic way

To represent the content in a sequential way

To represent the content in a historical way

RATIONALE

Thematic design is used when creating a cover to incorporate the theme or subject of a publication.

CONCEPT

Publication Design

Choose the answer that is one of the key goals for the planning step in the design process.

Refinement

Prototype

Scope

Production

CONCEPT

Plan

Which designer pioneered the field of information graphics?

Edward Tufte

Saul Bass

Shepard Fairy

CONCEPT

Infographics

Which of the following is the best definition of the creative process?

A visual system used to help viewers to find a location

A series of market research activities used to complete a design project

A multi-step process used to complete a design project

The organization of a series of design activities according to importance

CONCEPT

Creative Design Process

What is the second phase of interpreting the work in a visual critique?

Sharing positive reinforcement

Sharing your perspective on the work's meaning or purpose

Sharing stylistic impressions

Sharing critical feedback

RATIONALE

The second phase of interpreting the work is sharing your perspective on its meaning or purpose. After participants provide their initial impressions of a work's style, they offer personal perspectives on its meaning or purpose.

CONCEPT

Interpreting the Work

In the field of visual communications, which term is used for one of the sources of inspiration?

Narrative

Prototype

Chance

Design refinement

CONCEPT

Sources of Inspiration

How should designers present their work during a visual critique?

Quietly and humbly, to avoid influencing opinions

Confidently and objectively, pointing out formal qualities of the design

Colorfully, encouraging participants to get excited about the project

Interestingly, making sure to "sell" participants on the work

RATIONALE

Designers should present their work confidently and objectively, pointing out the formal qualities of the design. They should be uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices.

CONCEPT

Describing the Work

Which brainstorming activity involves connecting related ideas?

Mind mapping

Visualization

Thumbnail drawing

Sticky notes

RATIONALE

Mind mapping is a way to brainstorm in which participants connect ideas that are related to one another. With mind mapping, you can construct a web (or tree) of associated ideas using any brainstorming method (e.g., thumbnail drawings, sticky notes, etc.).

CONCEPT

Ideation & Visual Thinking

How does a symbol or slogan become credible?

Because of the price the client paid for it

As a result of the experience level of the author

As a result of the amount of exposure it receives

Because of the company or message with which it is associated

RATIONALE

A symbol or slogan becomes credible as a result of the amount of exposure it receives.

CONCEPT

Propaganda

A critique is also known as a __________.

eval

crit

roundtable

tique

CONCEPT

The Critique

How does understanding end user demographics help Monica make a design pitch to her client?

She'll have data (i.e., demographics) to support her ideas on how to reach the audience. The data will show that her ideas are ones which will appeal to the audience, and to which it can relate.

She'll know the value of the client's brand, and what sets it apart from the competition.

She'll be able to articulate the technical requirements to execute the project.

She'll be able to assure her client that the competition has nothing like what she proposes.

RATIONALE

Why is the critical analysis portion of a critique so important?

Because the facilitator can use leading questions

Because the strengths and weaknesses of the work are discussed

Because everyone has a chance to speak

Because a vote is usually taken

CONCEPT

Critically Analyzing the Work

Which motion graphics designer created this distinctive movie poster?

Josef Müller-Brockmann

Saul Bass

Masigmo Vignelli

Walt Disney

CONCEPT

Motion Graphics

Which type of corporate branding material is displayed in this image?

A letterhead suite

A Corporate Identity Manual

A logo suite

RATIONALE

The image displays a letterhead suite: correspondence materials that have been designed to identify and promote a company brand according to established guidelines.

CONCEPT

Corporate Branding

What makes an advertising campaign an "integrated campaign?"

When the campaign persuades the public to accept a viewpoint

When the campaign provokes a strong social media reaction that "goes viral"

When the campaign is politically motivated and based on subjective statements

When the campaign uses a variety of media that convey a consistent experience

RATIONALE

An advertising campaign is an "integrated campaign" when it uses a variety of media that convey a consistent experience.

CONCEPT

Public Relations

__________ is a marketing concept that differentiates a product from its competition.

Demographic

Unique selling proposition

Ideation

CONCEPT

Advertising

Dropping coins onto a sheet of paper is an example of what kind of inspirational activity used by designers?

Nature observation

Spin

Remix

Chance operation

CONCEPT

Sources of Inspiration

What is a desired result of creating a design brief?

It will make you aware of what your client's competition is doing.

It will showcase the final product to your client.

It will enable you to accomplish project goals by choosing a strategy and stylistic approach.

It will give you insight into the client's budget and time constraints.

RATIONALE

A design brief enables you to achieve your goals by choosing a strategy and stylistic approach. A design brief provides an overview of the project, identifies a plan of action for its completion, and establishes a visual identity for the project.

CONCEPT

Plan

Which of the following is the best definition of the creative process?

A multi-step process used to complete a design project

A series of market research activities used to complete a design project

A visual system used to help viewers to find a location

The organization of a series of design activities according to importance

CONCEPT

Creative Design Process

Which brainstorming activity involves connecting related ideas?

Visualization

Sticky notes

Thumbnail drawing

Mind mapping

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Ideation & Visual Thinking

Choose the answer that is part of the storytelling process.

Taking a visual audit

Writing a list of specifications

Writing a script

Creating "spin"

CONCEPT

Storytelling

With respect to infographics, why are referent graphics helpful?

They help to teach the concept presented in the material.

They enable viewers to determine their location within an image.

They refer to other common elements, enabling viewers to easily understand context.

They add color and life to an infographic, resulting in a more interesting layout.

RATIONALE

Referent graphics are helpful because they refer to other common elements, enabling viewers to easily understand context.

CONCEPT

Infographics

What is the difference between a graphic novel and a comic book?

Unlike a comic book, a graphic novel doesn't rely on sequential imagery to tell a story.

A graphic novel is a longer and more advanced in literary style than a comic book.

A graphic novel includes more imagery and a higher level of drama than a comic book.

RATIONALE

A graphic novel is a longer and more advanced in literary style than a comic book.

CONCEPT

Publication Design

What should designers gain from a critique that will enable them to improve their work?

Demographics of the target audience

A quantitative analysis of the project

A revised outline of the project scope

A list of actionable items to improve the design

CONCEPT

Strategizing to Improve the Work

Prototypes are generally created for what purpose?

Marketing and public relations

Distribution and sales

Observation and testing

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Refinement

The internet advertisement below is known as a __________.

title sequence

web banner

hotspot

CSS tag

CONCEPT

Web Design

What is the second phase of interpreting the work in a visual critique?

Sharing your perspective on the work's meaning or purpose

Sharing positive reinforcement

Sharing stylistic impressions

Sharing critical feedback

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Interpreting the Work

How does a symbol or slogan become credible?

Because of the price the client paid for it

As a result of the experience level of the author

As a result of the amount of exposure it receives

Because of the company or message with which it is associated

RATIONALE

A symbol or slogan becomes credible as a result of the amount of exposure it receives.

CONCEPT

Propaganda

Which one of the following is a source of data that is collected during the marketing research process?

Clients

Competition

Graphic designers

Company owners

CONCEPT

Research

Which scenario is part of the production step in a project to create a magazine print ad for a dog walking service?

The copy editor submitting changes to the headlines for final approval

The client approving the creative brief and giving the project a green light

A print facility inserting the ad in the layout for their next issue run

RATIONALE

A print facility inserting the ad in the layout for their next issue run is part of the production process. When an ad is ready for production, it is made available for public distribution.

CONCEPT

Production

A critique is also known as a __________.

eval

tique

roundtable

crit

CONCEPT

The Critique

Which of the following is related to the term "specs?"

The visual design requirements

The process in which work is scrutinized and analyzed

The approach in which more information is acquired from the designer or artist

An expression that justifies the action

Which item is an example of data collected from market research?

Your project timeline

Insights into potential customers

Your project budget

Technical client specs

RATIONALE

Market research provides insights into the potential customers of a business or brand.

CONCEPT

Research

Which of the following is NOT a reason why e-publishing is replacing print publication in some situations?

Cost effectiveness

Ease of use

Wide distribution

Use of sound

CONCEPT

Publication Design

Which of the following describes a well-run critique?

Competitive and showy

Interactive and collaborative

Individualized and introspective

Uneasy and contentious

RATIONALE

A well-run critique can be described as interactive and collaborative when a variety of participants actively provide feedback.

CONCEPT

The Critique

Select a strategy that helps to relieve the pressure associated with a design project.

Try to save money.

View the project as a complex whole.

Break the project into multiple steps.

Never set a deadline.

CONCEPT

Creative Design Process

What does the refinement process do to a design project?

It shapes the project by eliminating non-essential features.

It streamlines the time-frame to completion.

It reduces the cost of the project.

RATIONALE

The refinement process shapes the project by eliminating all that is not essential to, or does not enhance, its desired function.

CONCEPT

Refinement

According to creative design concepts, which one of the following is NOT a source of inspiration?

Nature exploration

Spin

Remix

Chance operation

CONCEPT

Sources of Inspiration

The interpretation phase of a design critique should NOT include __________.

first reactions

judgments

impressions about meaning

personal perspectives

CONCEPT

Interpreting the Work

What is one reason why propaganda is influential?

It is created by the most talented designers.

It uses a poster format.

It often presents only one side of an issue.

It takes perspectives from all sides into account.

How should designers present their work during a visual critique?

Quietly and humbly, to avoid influencing opinions

Interestingly, making sure to "sell" participants on the work

Colorfully, encouraging participants to get excited about the project

Confidently and objectively, pointing out formal qualities of the design

RATIONALE

Designers should present their work confidently and objectively, pointing out the formal qualities of the design. They should be uninfluenced by emotions or personal prejudices.

CONCEPT

Describing the Work

Which one of the following is a part of the ideation step of the creative design process?

Wayfinding

Refinement

Homage

Visualization

CONCEPT

Ideation & Visual Thinking

Which item describes an advantage of using storytelling to present a product or service to a consumer?

Storytelling explains by means of a visual audit.

Storytelling engages the consumer by making an emotional appeal.

Storytelling reviews the design brief.

Storytelling presents quantitative information.

CONCEPT

Storytelling

With respect to web design, which item correctly defines "mouse-over?"

A time-based design that includes elements that move

The development of pages transmitted across a worldwide network of computers

A wire map that requires a mouse

A reaction on a screen caused by the use of an input device

CONCEPT

Web Design

What is the purpose of crisis management?

To restore the good reputation of an entity that has been tarnished by an event or incident

To manipulate the public to accept a point of view

To manage an integrated marketing campaign

To change the meaning of an ad campaign

CONCEPT

Public Relations

What type of graphic is a map?

Thematic

Data

Referent

RATIONALE

A map is a thematic graphic because it presents data that is labeled by color, shape, form, line or dots.

CONCEPT

Infographics

Which item is NOT a goal of the planning phase of the creative process?

Establishing the core message of the project

Establishing the scope of the project

Establishing the market research team for the project

Establishing the strategy for the project

CONCEPT

Plan

Which of the following terms is NOT related to the development of advertising?

Spin

Target audience

Demographic

Unique selling proposition

CONCEPT

Advertising

Which one of the following terms is specifically related to motion graphics?

Spin

Timing

Homage

Remix

CONCEPT

Motion Graphics

Which of the following is one of the roles of the facilitator in a critique?

Present each design work

Correct mistakes in the work

Summarize the findings of the group

Make an actionable list

RATIONALE

The role of the facilitator in a critique is to summarize the findings of the group based on discussion, or as identified by participants.

CONCEPT

Strategizing to Improve the Work

Which scenario is part of the production step in a project to build a banner ad for a dog walking service?

Getting approval on the budget for the project from the client

Finalizing the layout with the art director, based on feedback on the prototype

A designer building the ad in a software program that will be sent to a media distributor

RATIONALE

CONCEPT

Production

In a design critique, which approach can the facilitator use to get more information from participants?

Storytelling

Quantitative analysis

Collaboration

A leading question

CONCEPT

Critically Analyzing the Work

Where can information like this be found?

A logo suite

A Corporate Identity Manual

A letterhead suite

RATIONALE

Which of the following is NOT related to web design?

CSS

HTML

Mouse-over

Callout

At what stage of the critique would you assess the effectiveness of the planned message?

Strategy

Critical analysis

Interpretation

Description

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of motion graphic design?

It presents data visually.

It creates digital interactivity.

It is time-based.

It is politically motivated.

How is emphasis shown in this image?

Texture is seen on the surface of the yellow center of the flower.

The dark bee is contrasted against the bright flower.

Balance is used to show petals of the flower.

Proximity is used to show distance between the petals of the flower.

Which principles or elements of layout design are present in this event poster?

Caption and free form text alignment

Columns and justified text alignment

Page spread and left text alignment

Hierarchy and centered text alignment

Which term applies to the area highlighted inside the red circle?

Bleed

Spread

Alley

Gutter

Which image contains a caption?

In semiotics, an icon is __________.

a sign that can be understood because it is logically linked to, or affected by, what it stands for

a precise system for describing signs

a sign that physically resembles what it signifies

a sign that has no logical connection to what it signifies; the viewer must learn the connection between the sign and its meaning

How is additive color seen?

When light is projected

Through the printing process

When color is reflected

When darkness is shown

Which statement correctly relates to tracking?

It maintains consistent distance between lines of type.

It improves readability by formatting all text to be the same size.

It makes white space visually even between two letters.

It affects the word spacing and readability of body copy.

Which of the following may be used in the visual design brainstorming process?

Remix

Prototype

Sticky notes

Homage

Which of the following is NOT a reason why e-publishing is replacing print publication in some situations?

Ease of use

Cost effectiveness

Use of sound

Wide distribution

Which of the following terms is NOT related to the development of advertising?

Spin

Demographic

Unique selling proposition

Target audience

What should each participant do before a critique begins?

Vote for the best work

Examine the work closely

Pre-critique the work

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Status NEW Posted 11 Aug 2020 05:08 PM My Price 55.00

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