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Category > Biology Posted 11 Aug 2020 My Price 15.00

SCI 115 Human Biology Unit 1 Challenges Sophia Course

                 Human Biology

                    Unit no# 1=  basic human biology concepts

                                          Challenge no 1 =science basic

Bess is designing an experiment to test the relationship between temperature and number of ice cream cones sold at her store. Her hypothesis is that customers are more likely to buy ice cream on warmer days.

 

If she is following the scientific method, what should her next step be?

·a.)

Ask whether a relationship exists between temperature and how many ice cream cones are sold.

·b.)

Predict that she’ll sell more ice cream cones when the outside temperature exceeds 75 degrees Fahrenheit.

·c.)

Look at her store’s record from the previous year and use the internet to find how warm or cold it was on the days she sold the most ice cream cones.

·d.)

Record the temperature and number of ice cream cones sold every day for a month.

Peter noticed that iron needles placed beside a magnet attract other iron needles.

 

If he is following the scientific method to find out why this happens, what should he do next?

·a.)

Predict that the iron objects he places next to a magnet will attract other iron objects.

·b.)

Ask whether magnets can transfer their properties to iron objects.

·c.)

Develop a hypothesis that magnets transfer their properties to iron objects.

·d.)

Place several different iron objects next to a magnet and observe whether they attract other iron objects.

Ryan predicted that people who eat high-fat foods every day will have higher cholesterol than people who eat low-fat foods.

 

If he’s designing an experiment to test his prediction based on the scientific method, what should his next step be?

·a.)

Ask whether people who eat high-fat foods every day for a year will have higher cholesterol than people who eat low-fat foods every day.

·b.)

Have 100 people eat high-fat foods and 100 people eat low-fat foods every day for a year and test their cholesterol every week.

·c.)

Develop a hypothesis that eating high-fat foods every day causes higher cholesterol.

·d.)

Design a new experiment to test whether saturated fats and trans fats have different effects on cholesterol.

Which of the following statements represents an opinion?

·a.)

Butterflies are often colorful.

·b.)

Butterflies are not as interesting as some people say.

·c.)

Butterflies are related to moths.

·d.)

Moths are more common in Jay's neighborhood than butterflies

Which of the following statements is a verifiable fact?

·a.)

The Viceroy Butterfly is the least amusing type of butterfly.

·b.)

The Purple Emperor Butterfly should be studied more carefully.

·c.)

The Papilio Machaon Butterfly is the most beautiful kind of butterfly.

·d.)

The Monarch Butterfly is the most common type of butterfly in Jay's neighborhood.

Which of the following statements about butterflies is most credible?

·a.)

An article in a scientific journal says certain types of butterflies can detect changes in weather before humans can.

·b.)

A biologist states that the Monarch Butterfly is the most interesting type of butterfly.

·c.)

A letter to the editor in a local newspaper that claims certain species of butterflies get sick just like humans do.

·d.)

A student at an elementary school writes in her report that the colors of a butterfly's wings can help keep it safe from predators.

In organisms, which level of organization is made up of molecules?

·a.)

Tissues

·b.)

Macromolecules

·c.)

Atoms

·d.)

Cells

Which of the following is a biological kingdom?

·a.)

Chordata

·b.)

Protista

·c.)

Ursidae

·d.)

Mammalia

Which of the following characteristics is shared by all living things?

·a.)

All living things think.

·b.)

All living things are made up of cells.

·c.)

All living things have family structures.

·d.)

All living things have either hair, fur or scales

Which organ system produces hormones that help regulate the body's functions?

·a.)

Integumentary System

·b.)

Endocrine System

·c.)

Muscular System

·d.)

Circulatory System

Which organ system controls and regulates the composition of blood? 

·a.)

Urinary System

·b.)

Circulatory System

·c.)

Endocrine System

·d.)

Lymphatic System

Which organ system is a major component of the body's immune system?

·a.)

Digestive System

·b.)

Endocrine System

·c.)

Circulatory System

·d.)

Lymphatic System

Which of the following is an example of effectors working to maintain homeostasis if blood glucose levels become too high?

·a.)

The pancreas releases insulin to lower blood glucose levels.

·b.)

The brain interprets the blood glucose levels.

·c.)

Neurons sense an increase in blood glucose levels.

·d.)

The brain determines that glucose levels need to be lowered.

What role do effectors play in feedback loops to maintain homeostasis?

·a.)

Carry out responses designated by the integrator

·b.)

Reverse the effects of stimuli

·c.)

Detect stimuli

·d.)

Interpret stimuli

Which of the following represents the correct flow of information during homeostasis?

·a.)

Sensor → Integrator → Effector

·b.)

 Sensor → Effector → Integrator

·c.)

Integrator → Sensor → Effector

·d.)

Effector → Integrator → Sensor

                                Challenge no 2 # cells

Which of the following statements is true?

·a.)

On rare occasions cells result from the spontaneous combination of molecules.

·b.)

All cells contain DNA in the nucleus.

·c.)

No living thing is smaller than a cell.

·d.)

Some organisms are not made up of cells.

Which is a component of all cells?

·a.)

Tissue

·b.)

Flagellum

·c.)

Nucleus

·d.)

Cytoplasm

Which of the following statements is true?

·a.)

All cells come from preexisting cells.

·b.)

All cells have flagella.

·c.)

Most prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, but some do.

·d.)

All cells are eukaryotes.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane?

·a.)

It allows only polar molecules to pass in and out of the cell.

·b.)

It is composed strictly of a double layer of phospholipids.

·c.)

It is selectively permeable, meaning it controls what goes into and what comes out of the cell.

·d.)

The hydrophilic tails of the phospholipids face outward, composing the outer layer of the plasma membrane.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane?

·a.)

It contains embedded proteins, which act as channels for any and all substances to enter the cell.

·b.)

Each phospholipid is composed of a hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail.

·c.)

It is composed of a single layer of phospholipids that allows the plasma membrane to be effective, yet flexible.

·d.)

It is composed primarily of phospholipids, but also contains other lipids and proteins.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane?

·a.)

It is made of two layers of phospholipids.

·b.)

It produces energy for the cell.

·c.)

It allows all kinds of molecules to pass through.

·d.)

It is a rigid outer barrier for the cell.

Which of the following stores an organism's genetic information?

·a.)

Ribosomes

·b.)

The plasma membrane

·c.)

DNA

·d.)

The nucleolus

Which of the following is a characteristic of the nucleus?

·a.)

It is made up of DNA.

·b.)

It houses DNA in all cells.

·c.)

It controls activity within the cell.

·d.)

It is only found in prokaryotic cells.

What are chromosomes?

·a.)

A structure found within the nucleus that produces subunits of ribosomes

·b.)

A cell organelle that houses the DNA and controls activity within the cell

·c.)

A condensed form of DNA that occurs when the cell is dividing

·d.)

A form of uncondensed DNA found within the nucleus of the cell

What is cytoplasm?

·a.)

The liquid found inside the cytosol that is mostly composed of water

·b.)

The protein structure that provides support to the cell

·c.)

A part of the plasma membrane between the two layers of phospholipids

·d.)

The jellylike fluid that supports the contents of the cell

Where is cytoplasm found?

·a.)

Surrounding the cell

·b.)

Inside the nucleus

·c.)

In the cytoskeleton

·d.)

In the cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Which of the following is part of the cytoskeleton?

·a.)

Microfilm

·b.)

Interloping filaments

·c.)

Primary filaments

·d.)

Microtubules

What is cellular respiration?

·a.)

The process by which the mitochondria and nucleus interact

·b.)

The process by which cells help a person breathe

·c.)

The process that converts organic molecules into energy

·d.)

The process by which cells use energy

Which metaphor is often used to describe the mitochondria?

·a.)

Powerhouse of the cell

·b.)

Garbage disposal of the cell

·c.)

Control room of the cell

·d.)

Bedroom of the cell

What role does ATP play within the cell?

·a.)

It is a source of energy.

·b.)

It is a tag that marks the kind of cell.

·c.)

It provides organization of organelles.

·d.)

It enables communication between organelles.

What is the most noticeable difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

·a.)

Rough ER is covered in ribosomes. Smooth ER is not.

·b.)

Rough ER is responsible for assembling and packaging lipids. Smooth ER is responsible for assembling and packaging proteins.

·c.)

Smooth ER is covered in ribosomes. Rough ER is not.

·d.)

Both the smooth ER and the rough ER are responsible for assembling and packaging lipids

What is a ribosome?

·a.)

A membrane-bound sac used to store and protect materials that are transported in the cell

·b.)

A cell organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins

·c.)

A cell organelle that packages proteins and lipids

·d.)

A part of the ER responsible for packaging lipids

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

·a.)

An outer membrane that encloses the nucleus and shelters nucleic acid from the rest of the cell

·b.)

A system of organelles that is used to synthesize and package carbohydrates and nucleic acids

·c.)

A membrane-bound sac used to store and protect materials that are transported in the cell

·d.)

An organelle that assembles and packages proteins and lipids

What is a vesicle?

·a.)

A part of the ER responsible for packaging lipids

·b.)

A cell organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins

·c.)

A membrane-bound sac used to store and protect materials that are transported in the cell

·d.)

A system of organelles that is used to synthesize and package proteins and lipids

Which of these functions is carried out by the Golgi body?

·a.)

Digesting and removing waste products

·b.)

Repairing injured cell parts

·c.)

Preventing entry of foreign materials into the cell

·d.)

Modifying and packaging proteins

What is the structure of the Golgi body?

·a.)

Spherical sac

·b.)

Like spooled thread

·c.)

Bean-like

·d.)

Flattened sacs

What occurs during diffusion?

·a.)

A substance is moved by transporter proteins through the plasma membrane.

·b.)

A substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

·c.)

A substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

·d.)

A substance is broken into small parts that can pass through the plasma membrane

 

Why is diffusion a type of passive transport?

·a.)

It does not require energy for the transport to occur.

·b.)

It transports only molecules that are very small.

·c.)

It transports molecules against the concentration gradient.

·d.)

It occurs only through a semi-permeable membrane.

What is diffusion?

·a.)

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

·b.)

The movement of water across a selectively-permeable membrane

·c.)

Cell transport that uses energy in the form of ATP

·d.)

The difference in concentration of a substance between two areas

What is the definition of osmosis?

·a.)

Movement of molecules across a membrane without the use of energy

·b.)

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

·c.)

A type of tonicity where there is an equal amount of solute on both sides of a membrane

·d.)

The concentration gradient of a solute in a solution

What does it mean for a solution to be hypotonic?

·a.)

There is an equal concentration of molecules inside and outside of the cell.

·b.)

It has a concentration gradient.

·c.)

There is a higher concentration outside the cell than inside.

·d.)

There is a higher concentration inside the cell than outside.

What does it mean for a solution to be hypertonic?

·a.)

There is a higher concentration outside the cell than inside.

·b.)

There is an equal concentration of molecules inside and outside of the cell.

·c.)

It has a concentration gradient.

·d.)

There is a higher concentration inside the cell than outside.

Which of the following describes facilitated diffusion?

·a.)

A polar molecule using a transport protein to pass through the plasma membrane

·b.)

A molecule of oxygen freely passing through the plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayer

·c.)

A sodium ion moving into the cell against its concentration gradient

·d.)

A potassium ion being pumped out of the cell with the use of ATP

What is active transport?

·a.)

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

·b.)

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

·c.)

The movement into or out of a cell that requires energy in the form of ATP

·d.)

The movement of substances that have been broken up by transport proteins across a membrane

In what way are osmosis and facilitated diffusion similar?

·a.)

Neither osmosis nor facilitated diffusion require the use of ATP.

·b.)

Both osmosis and facilitated diffusion apply strictly to the movement of water across a plasma membrane.

·c.)

Both osmosis and facilitated diffusion help to transport large molecules against their concentration gradient.

·d.)

Neither osmosis nor facilitated diffusion can occur without the use of transport proteins.

 

                       Challenge no 3 macromolecules and metabolism

 

Three or more amino acids joined together form a __________.

·a.)

peptide bond

·b.)

nucleic acid

·c.)

polypeptide chain

·d.)

protein

What are proteins made up of?

·a.)

Carbohydrates

·b.)

Amino acids

·c.)

Nucleic acids

·d.)

Lipids

How many levels of structure do proteins have?

·a.)

Three

·b.)

Four

·c.)

One

·d.)

Five

Which lipid is a component of the plasma membrane of a cell?

·a.)

Sterols

·b.)

Triglycerides

·c.)

Fatty acids

·d.)

Phospholipids

What does it mean if lipids are nonpolar?

·a.)

They are symmetrical in shape.

·b.)

They do not freeze.

·c.)

They are dark in color.

·d.)

They do not dissolve easily in water.

 

What type of lipids would increase the chances of health disorders if consumed regularly through diet?

·a.)

Phospholipid

·b.)

Trans fat

·c.)

Triglyceride

·d.)

Stero

How does RNA differ from DNA?

·a.)

RNA only has one strand and contains uracil instead of thymine.

·b.)

RNA has two strands and contains thymine instead of uracil.

·c.)

RNA only has one strand and contains thymine instead of uracil.

·d.)

RNA has two strands and contains uracil instead of thymine.

DNA is a type of __________:

·a.)

fatty acid

·b.)

Golgi acid

·c.)

nucleic acid

·d.)

amino acid

Which of the following is present only in DNA?

·a.)

Thymine

·b.)

Cytosine

·c.)

Guanine

·d.)

Adenine

Which of the following is true of an oligosaccharide?

·a.)

It has two or more sugar units.

·b.)

It has one sugar unit.

·c.)

It has exactly two sugar units.

·d.)

It has no sugar units.

A carbohydrate with many sugar units is a(n) _________.

·a.)

disaccharide

·b.)

carbosaccharide

·c.)

monosaccharide

·d.)

polysaccharide

 

What is a carbohydrate?

·a.)

An organic compound composed of nucleic acids and used for many purposes in the cell

·b.)

An organic compound the body breaks down into sugars

·c.)

An organic compound produced as a byproduct of ATP production

·d.)

An organic compound that houses an organism's genetic information

What is the definition of metabolism?

·a.)

The interactions that take place between cells

·b.)

The process by which smaller molecules are combined into larger ones

·c.)

The various chemical reactions that occur within cells

·d.)

The process by which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones

What is it called when larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones?

·a.)

Catabolism

·b.)

Cellular respiration

·c.)

Anabolism

·d.)

ATP production

What is it called when small molecules are combined into larger ones?

·a.)

Anabolism

·b.)

Amalgamism

·c.)

Cellular respiration

·d.)

Catabolism

The process by which molecules are converted into energy is called __________.

·a.)

metabolism

·b.)

the Krebs cycle

·c.)

cellular respiration

·d.)

glycolysis

What is the final step of cellular respiration?

·a.)

The electron transport system

·b.)

The Krebs cycle

·c.)

Glycolysis

·d.)

Catabolism

Which of the following statements is true?

·a.)

Cellular respiration is the process by which ATP is produced from molecules such as glucose.

·b.)

At the end of cellular respiration, the net gain of ATP is 12 molecules per glucose molecule.

·c.)

ATP is an enzyme used to metabolize glucose during cellular respiration.

·d.)

Cellular respiration includes three steps: Osmosis, the Krebs cycle and electron transport

Which of the following statements is true?

·a.)

Pyruvate is produced when a glucose molecule undergoes glycolysis.

·b.)

Phosphorylation is another word for glycolysis.

·c.)

Glycolysis turns pyruvate into glucose.

·d.)

Pyruvate is a byproduct of ATP production.

Which of the following statements is true?

·a.)

Glycolysis requires oxygen to occur.

·b.)

Glycolysis does not produce any ATP.

·c.)

Glycolysis is the second phase of cellular respiration.

·d.)

Glycolysis occurs within the cytoplasm.

Which of the following statements is true?

·a.)

Glycolysis doesn't require any ATP.

·b.)

Glycolysis does not require oxygen.

·c.)

Glycolysis occurs within the mitochondria.

·d.)

Glycolysis has a net gain of four ATP.

What is another name for the Krebs cycle?

·a.)

Homeostasis

·b.)

Glycolysis

·c.)

Electron transport chain

·d.)

Citric acid cycle

How many molecules of ATP are produced during the Krebs cycle?

·a.)

Four

·b.)

Two

·c.)

Six

·d.)

Zero

The Krebs cycle occurs within the _________.

·a.)

cytoplasm

·b.)

rough ER

·c.)

nucleus

·d.)

mitochondria

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

·a.)

Within the nuclear envelope

·b.)

The cytoplasm surrounding the mitochondria

·c.)

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

·d.)

The outer membrane of the mitochondria

How many molecules of ATP are produced by the electron transport chain?

·a.)

32

·b.)

2

·c.)

24

·d.)

16

The electron transport chain receives products from which other process(es)?

·a.)

Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

·b.)

Homeostasis

·c.)

The Krebs cycle only

·d.)

Glycolysis only

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

·a.)

Substrates attach to an enzyme at the active site and will either be broken down or joined together.

·b.)

Enzymes are non-specific, making them versatile to participate in any type of reaction in the body.

·c.)

Enzymes themselves change during each reaction and thus can only be used by the body a single time.

·d.)

Salivary amylase is an enzyme that breaks down fats in the foods you eat.

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

·a.)

The substance remaining after a reaction carried out by an enzyme is called the product.

·b.)

Salivary amylase is an enzyme made up of lipids.

·c.)

Enzymes produce a product that is changed physically but remains the same chemically.

·d.)

The active site is the same shape for every enzyme in your body.

Which of the following statements is true?

·a.)

Enzymes always break down larger substances into smaller ones.

·b.)

Enzymes are destroyed in the process of facilitating a reaction.

·c.)

Enzymes are composed of lipids.

·d.)

Enzymes can make a chemical reaction happen millions of times faster than it would otherwise.

 

Answers

(118)
Status NEW Posted 11 Aug 2020 06:08 PM My Price 15.00

SCI----------- 11-----------5 H-----------uma-----------n B-----------iol-----------ogy----------- Un-----------it -----------1 C-----------hal-----------len-----------ges----------- So-----------phi-----------a C-----------our-----------se-----------

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file 1597173454-Unit 1 Challenges.docx preview (2703 words )
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