SCI 115 Human Biology Unit 3 Challenges Sophia Course

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Unit no 3 #Nervous system and sensory system

                                      Challenge no #1 Neurons

Which type of neuron directs gland and muscle cells to carry out a response?

·a.)

Motor neuron

·b.)

Interneuron

·c.)

Sensory neuron

·d.)

All three

Which type of neurons are found primarily in the spinal cord and brain?

·a.)

Interneuron

·b.)

Sensory neuron

·c.)

Motor neuron

·d.)

All three

Which part of the neuron transmits signals to other neurons, glands or muscle cells?

·a.)

Trigger zone

·b.)

Axon endings

·c.)

Dendrites

·d.)

Cell body

Ions of which two elements produce an electrical charge across the membrane of a neuron to cause a nerve impulse?

·a.)

Sodium and Potassium

·b.)

Hydrogen and Potassium

·c.)

Sodium and Calcium

·d.)

Potassium and Carbon

Select the TRUE statement about a resting neuron.

·a.)

The cytoplasm side of a neuron is positively charged while the outside of the neuron has no charge.

·b.)

The cytoplasm side of a neuron is negatively charged while the outside of the neuron is also negatively charged.

·c.)

The cytoplasm side of a neuron is more positive than the outside of the neuron.

·d.)

The cytoplasm side of a neuron is more negative than the outside of the neuron.

 

Which is the correct sequence of the flow of nerve impulses in a neuron?

·a.)

Nucleus → Cell body → Dendrite

·b.)

Axon → Cell body → Dendrite

·c.)

Dendrite → Axon terminal → Axon

·d.)

Dendrite → Axon → Axon terminal

What does a neurotransmitter bind to?

·a.)

Inhibiting signal

·b.)

Postsynaptic cell

·c.)

Action potential

·d.)

Presynaptic cell

What is the name of a synapse that stores a neurotransmitter for release?

·a.)

Presynaptic cell

·b.)

Botox

·c.)

Action potential

·d.)

Postsynaptic cell

What is a neurotransmitter?

·a.)

A chemical signal between cells

·b.)

A nerve impulse

·c.)

The gap between two cells

·d.)

A type of bacterial toxin

During a medical examination, the doctor taps your knee with a little rubber mallet. Suddenly, your foot kicks upward.

 

How did this reflex occur?

·a.)

An interneuron sent a signal to the spinal cord and synapses with a sensory neuron, triggering a muscle contraction.

·b.)

A sensory neuron sent a signal to the spinal cord and synapses with a motor neuron, triggering a muscle contraction.

·c.)

A motor neuron sent a signal to the spinal cord and synapses with another motor neuron, triggering a muscle contraction.

·d.)

A sensory neuron sent a signal to the spinal cord and synapses with an interneuron, triggering a muscle contraction.

Which of these is an insulating material that allows nerves to transmit action potential faster?

·a.)

Dendrites

·b.)

Glial cells

·c.)

Cell body

·d.)

Myelin sheath

A __________ is an automatic movement in response to a stimulus, such as jerking your lower leg when your knee is struck with a mallet.

·a.)

trigger zone

·b.)

synapse

·c.)

threshold

·d.)

reflex

                                      

                              CHALLENGE  NO# 2

Which division of the peripheral nervous system carries signals to the head, trunk and limbs?

·a.)

Sympathetic

·b.)

Parasympathetic

·c.)

Autonomic

·d.)

Somatic

What are the two nerves associated with the autonomic nervous system?

·a.)

Peripheral and central

·b.)

Somatic and autonomic

·c.)

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

·d.)

Afferent and efferent

What are the two principal divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

·a.)

Peripheral and central

·b.)

Afferent and efferent

·c.)

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

·d.)

Somatic and autonomic

The blood-brain barrier is responsible for which of the following?

·a.)

Preventing viruses, toxins and bacteria from entering the brain's blood supply

·b.)

Cushioning the brain

·c.)

Keeping an adequate amount of blood flowing to the brain

·d.)

Washing the brain of metabolic waste

What is the largest region of the brain?

·a.)

Brainstem

·b.)

Midbrain

·c.)

Hindbrain

·d.)

Forebrain

 

Which layer of protective tissue around the brain is described as "thick and leathery?"

·a.)

Bone

·b.)

Arachnoid mater

·c.)

Dura mater

·d.)

Pia mater

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for receiving and processing sensations from internal organs?

·a.)

Parietal lobe

·b.)

Occipital lobe

·c.)

Frontal lobe

·d.)

Temporal lobe

 

Which part of the cerebral cortex controls voluntary movements?

·a.)

All three

·b.)

Association areas

·c.)

Sensory areas

·d.)

Motor areas

 

Which is true about reticular formation?

·a.)

It helps maintain posture and balance.

·b.)

It is synonymous with cerebrum.

·c.)

It connects the two hemispheres of the brain.

·d.)

It controls emotions and memoriesv

 

What part of the brain regulates breathing?

·a.)

Midbrain

·b.)

Corpus callosum

·c.)

Cerebellum

·d.)

Pons

What part of the brain regulates breathing?

·a.)

Midbrain

·b.)

Corpus callosum

·c.)

Cerebellum

·d.)

Pons

Which of the following is a part of the brainstem?

·a.)

Medulla oblongata

·b.)

Cerebrum

·c.)

Cerebellum

·d.)

Occipital lobe

Which of the following diseases or disorders results from infection?

·a.)

Concussions

·b.)

Parkinson's disease

·c.)

Encephalitis

·d.)

Autism

Which of the following diseases or disorders can be the result of physical injury?

Which of the following diseases or disorders results from the breakdown of neurons?

·a.)

Alzheimer's disease

·b.)

Multiple sclerosis

·c.)

Schizophrenia

·d.)

Paralysis

·b.)

Autism

·c.)

Parkinson's disease

·d.)

Meningitis

What is a stem cell?

·a.)

A byproduct of the aging process

·b.)

An unspecialized cell

·c.)

A cell found only in embryos

·d.)

A cell found only in the brainstem

 

Which of the following statements is true?

·a.)

Stem cells are unobtainable because they can't be kept alive in lab conditions.

·b.)

Stem cells can be obtained from the brain and other tissues in healthy adults.

·c.)

Stem cells can be produced artificially.

·d.)

Stem cells can only be obtained by destroying embryos.

What makes stem cells a potential treatment for various diseases?

·a.)

Stem cells show uncontrolled growth.

·b.)

Stem cells are immune to bacterial and viral infection.

·c.)

Stem cells can be changed into specialized cells through treatment.

·d.)

Stem cells have no potential for treating various diseases.

                  

                            Challenge no 3

Aaron begins to shiver when what type of receptor notices a change in his environment?

·a.)

Osmoreceptor

·b.)

Thermoreceptor

·c.)

Mechanoreceptor

·d.)

Chemoreceptor

Emily walks into a room and smells natural gas.

 

Which type of receptor is active in this instance?

·a.)

Nociceptor

·b.)

Thermoreceptor

·c.)

Chemoreceptor

·d.)

Photoreceptor

Jordan falls and scrapes his knee.

 

Which type of receptor alerts the brain that the body has been damaged?

·a.)

Chemoreceptor

·b.)

Mechanoreceptor

·c.)

Osmoreceptor

·d.)

Nociceptor

What detects touch, pressure, heat, cold and pain?

·a.)

Encapsulated receptors

·b.)

Somatosensory cortex

·c.)

Free nerve endings

·d.)

Sensory adaptation

A person is feeling intense pain caused by damage to his stomach tissues.

 

Which kind of pain is this?

·a.)

Referred pain

·b.)

Phantom pain

·c.)

Somatic pain

·d.)

Visceral pain

Leonard goes to the doctor because of a jaw ache and learns that his jaw is fine, but one of his kidneys has been damaged. The doctor suggests that Leonard was feeling his kidney's pain in his jaw.

 

What is this an example of?

·a.)

Sensory adaptation

·b.)

Somatosensory cortex

·c.)

Referred pain

·d.)

Free nerve ending

Olfactory receptors are associated with ____________.

·a.)

the mouth's ability to perceive temperature in food and drink

·b.)

taste

·c.)

how the brain interprets and reacts to smell and taste sensations

·d.)

smell

Gustation is the technical term for ___________.

·a.)

sensory input from chemoreceptors

·b.)

the sensation created by taste and smell working together

·c.)

smell

·d.)

taste

Which type of taste is triggered by amino acids?

·a.)

Sweet

·b.)

Sour

·c.)

Bitter

·d.)

Umami

Which of these shows the path a sound wave will take once it enters the ear?

·a.)

Tympanic membrane → Auditory canal → Ear bones → Cochlea

·b.)

Auditory canal → Tympanic membrane → Ear bones → Cochlea

·c.)

Cochlea → Ear bones → Tympanic membrane → Auditory canal

·d.)

Ear bones → Auditory canal → Cochlea → Tympanic membrane

Which of these is a function of the middle ear?

·a.)

Distributes sound waves

·b.)

Amplifies sound waves

·c.)

Provides space for sound to enter

·d.)

Sorts sound waves

The __________ is the jelly-like structure within the ear that hair cells press against in response to pressure waves, helping the body determine the intensity of a sound.

·a.)

vestibular apparatus

·b.)

cochlea

·c.)

tectorial membrane

·d.)

tympanic membrane

 

Which of the following ear disorders is characterized by the inflammation of the inner ear, generally during a cold?

·a.)

Vertigo

·b.)

Tinnitus

·c.)

Otitis media

·d.)

Deafness

Which of these is a cause of vertigo?

·a.)

Over-stimulation of hair cells in the ear

·b.)

A genetic disease resulting in the death of the auditory nerve

·c.)

A disorder of the vestibular apparatus

·d.)

A cold that affects the tympanic membrane

Which of the following is true of tinnitus?

·a.)

It is a genetic disorder.

·b.)

It results in dizziness.

·c.)

It is caused by the common cold.

·d.)

It is caused by an ear infection.

The vitreous humor is the part of the eye that ____________.

·a.)

helps maintain its shape

·b.)

sends visual signals to the brain for interpretation

·c.)

controls visual acuity

·d.)

transmits light to the lens

Which of the following descriptions corresponds to the sclera?

·a.)

It is made of dense tissue to help protect the eye.

·b.)

It is the part of the eye that focuses incoming light.

·c.)

It is located behind the lens and helps the eye maintain its shape.

·d.)

It is a substance that maintains the eye's pressure and transmits light.

Which of the following functions relates to the optic nerve?

·a.)

Absorbs light and converts it into nerve impulses

·b.)

Transfers the image the eye sees to the brain for perception

·c.)

Bends light that enters the eye so that what you see is focused on your retina

·d.)

Helps maintain the shape of the eye and supports the eye

Which disorder occurs when the lens of the eye doesn't curve evenly, affecting how light is focused in each eye?

·a.)

Cataracts

·b.)

Conjunctivitis

·c.)

Astigmatism

·d.)

Glaucoma

Farsightedness is also known as __________.

·a.)

hyperopia

·b.)

myopia

·c.)

astigmatism

·d.)

conjunctivitis

 

The lens of the eye is bathed on both sides by the _______ humor. The buildup of this liquid around the lens is called _______.

·a.)

aqueous; glaucoma

·b.)

vitreous; astigmatism

·c.)

aqueous; astigmatism

·d.)

vitreous; glaucoma

 

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