SCI 115 Human Biology Unit 5 Challenges Sophia Course

Click below link for Answers

 

 Unit no #5 Endocrine , Reproductive ,Digestive , and urinary systems

                              Challenge no #1

Which of the following is a chemical messenger that flows through the bloodstream and allows communication all over the body?

·a.)

Neurons

·b.)

Lymph

·c.)

Platelets

·d.)

Hormones

Which best describes the endocrine system?

·a.)

A system that helps distribute oxygen and other nutrients to cells all over the body

·b.)

A system that protects the internal organs from the outside environment

·c.)

A system of vessels, nodes, glands and nodules that returns excess tissue fluid to the blood

·d.)

A system of glands that produces and secretes hormones into the bloodstream

What is it called when two hormones trigger contrary responses?

·a.)

Opposing interaction

·b.)

Balanced interaction

·c.)

Synergistic interaction

·d.)

Permissive interaction

Jimmy gets an adrenaline rush after running across a busy street.

 

Which organ is primarily responsible for this?

·a.)

Adrenal glands

·b.)

Hypothalamus

·c.)

Pituitary gland

·d.)

Pancreas

Jason has to monitor his blood sugar and take insulin because he has diabetes.

 

Which of his organs is supposed to produce insulin?

·a.)

Pineal gland

·b.)

Thyroid gland

·c.)

Pituitary gland

·d.)

Pancreas

Which organ of the endocrine system is part of the brain?

·a.)

Adrenal gland

·b.)

Thyroid gland

·c.)

Thymus gland

·d.)

Hypothalamus

Which kind of hormones require the use of secondary messengers?

·a.)

Secondary hormones

·b.)

All hormones

·c.)

Steroid hormones

·d.)

Non-steroid hormones

Which kind of hormones do not enter the cell's plasma membrane?

·a.)

Non-steroid hormones

·b.)

Steroid hormones

·c.)

Secondary hormones

·d.)

Secondary messengers

Which kind of hormones are made from insoluble lipids?

·a.)

Secondary messengers

·b.)

Secondary hormones

·c.)

Non-steroid hormones

·d.)

Steroid hormones

Which of the following is a part of the adrenal gland?

·a.)

Adrenal medulla

·b.)

Adrenal cerebrum

·c.)

Adrenal body

·d.)

Adrenal oblongata

Which of the following hormones is produced in the adrenal cortex?

·a.)

Epinephrine

·b.)

Norepinephrine

·c.)

Aldosterone

·d.)

Glucocorticoids

Which of the following is associated with the adrenal medulla?

·a.)

Glucocorticoids

·b.)

Norepinephrine

·c.)

Mineralocorticoids

·d.)

Calcitonin and gastrin

Which blood sugar disorder is characterized by low blood sugar?

·a.)

Hypoglycemia

·b.)

Prediabetes

·c.)

Type II diabetes

·d.)

Type I diabetes

Which blood sugar disorder is characterized by the pancreas not producing insulin?

·a.)

Prediabetes

·b.)

Type II diabetes

·c.)

Type I diabetes

·d.)

Hypoglycemia

Which blood sugar disorder is characterized by target cells not responding properly to insulin?

·a.)

Prediabetes

·b.)

Type I diabetes

·c.)

Hypoglycemia

·d.)

Type II diabetes

What effect does parathyroid hormone have on the body?

·a.)

It signals osteoclasts to break down bone tissue, thereby releasing more calcium into the bloodstream.

·b.)

It creates an emergency state caused by dangerously high levels of calcium in which the body works to remove as much as possible from the bloodstream.

·c.)

It signals both osteoclasts and osteoblasts to analyze calcium levels in the bloodstream and adjust as needed.

·d.)

It signals osteoblasts to build new bone tissue, thereby lowering calcium levels in the bloodstream.

Where is the thyroid gland located?

·a.)

On the kidneys

·b.)

Below the heart

·c.)

In the brain

·d.)

In the neck

Samantha is diagnosed with enlarged lobes in her thyroid gland. 

Which mineral is her diet lacking?

·a.)

Calcium

·b.)

Phosphorus

·c.)

Iron

·d.)

Iodine

Which of the following does the pancreas help regulate?

·a.)

Internal temperature

·b.)

Blood sugar levels

·c.)

Bone remodeling

·d.)

Calcium levels

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells?

·a.)

Somatostatin

·b.)

Cortisol

·c.)

Glucagon

·d.)

Insulin

Which hormone is secreted by beta cells?

·a.)

Epinephrine

·b.)

Glucagon

·c.)

Insulin

·d.)

Somatostatin

Which gland stores hormones made in other glands until they're needed?

·a.)

Hypothalamus

·b.)

Posterior pituitary

·c.)

Adrenal

·d.)

Anterior pituitary

Which gland produces oxytocin?

·a.)

Posterior pituitary

·b.)

Anterior pituitary

·c.)

Hypothalamus

·d.)

Adrenal

Which gland produces luteinizing hormone?

·a.)

Adrenal

·b.)

Posterior pituitary

·c.)

Anterior pituitary

·d.)

Hypothalamus

                         Challenge no # 2

Which of the following is a mature egg cell?

·a.)

Oocyte

·b.)

Ovum

·c.)

Zygote

·d.)

Embryo

In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilization occur?

·a.)

Oviducts

·b.)

Uterus

·c.)

Vagina

·d.)

Ovaries

In which part of the female reproductive system does the fetus develop?

·a.)

Ovaries

·b.)

Oviducts

·c.)

Vagina

·d.)

Uterus

Which hormone released during the menstrual cycle prepares the endometrium for implantation?

·a.)

Follicle stimulating hormone

·b.)

Luteinizing hormone

·c.)

Adrenocorticotropic

·d.)

Progesterone

This diagram shows the biological cycle that occurs in adult human females.

 

Which labeled part of the cycle represents menstruation?

·a.)

C

·b.)

B

·c.)

A

·d.)

D

Which structure, formed from a ruptured follicle, secretes estrogen and progesterone?

·a.)

Menarche

·b.)

Zona pellucida

·c.)

Corpus luteum

·d.)

Oocyte

What is considered the primary male reproductive organ?

·a.)

Testes

·b.)

Vas deferens

·c.)

Penis

·d.)

Prostate gland

Which of the following adds secretions to semen?

·a.)

Vas deferens

·b.)

Testes

·c.)

Bulbourethral gland

·d.)

Urethra

What adds secretion to sperm meant to buffer it from the vagina's acidity?

·a.)

Seminal vesicle

·b.)

Prostate gland

·c.)

Bulbourethral gland

·d.)

Epididymis

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the hypothalamus?

·a.)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

·b.)

Luteinizing hormone

·c.)

Testosterone

·d.)

Follicle-stimulating hormone

How many hormones play crucial roles during sperm production?

·a.)

2

·b.)

1

·c.)

3

·d.)

4

A(n) __________ covers the heads of sperm and contains enzymes.

·a.)

acrosome

·b.)

Sertoli cell

·c.)

flagella

·d.)

midpiece

Which of the following STDs causes ulcers on the skin?

·a.)

Syphilis

·b.)

Trichomoniasis

·c.)

Gonorrhea

·d.)

Chlamydia

Which of the following STDs affects the liver?

·a.)

Chlamydia

·b.)

Gonorrhea

·c.)

Hepatitis C

·d.)

Trichomoniasis

Which of the following STDs, if left untreated, might result in PID?

·a.)

Chlamydia

·b.)

Hepatitis B

·c.)

Genital warts

·d.)

Genital herpes

As a person ages, which of the following two proteins in the skin slowly degrade, causing skin to wrinkle?

·a.)

Collagen and elastin

·b.)

Collagen and ceramides

·c.)

Elastin and telomeres

·d.)

Ceramides and elastin

As the body ages, __________ on the ends of chromosomes shorten until the cell eventually dies.

·a.)

telomeres

·b.)

genes

·c.)

spindle fibers

·d.)

base pairs

Various conditions are associated with aging. 

Which of the following describes a condition in which a woman is no longer able to reproduce?

·a.)

Menopause

·b.)

Senescence

·c.)

Alzheimer's disease

·d.)

Andropause

                                   Challenge no 3

How many chromosomes can be found in the nucleus of a zygote?

·a.)

23

·b.)

46

·c.)

0

·d.)

2

The process of cleavage forms new cells that are called __________.

·a.)

gastrulas

·b.)

blastomeres

·c.)

oocytes

·d.)

zygotes

What body part develops from the ectoderm?

·a.)

Heart

·b.)

Pituitary gland

·c.)

Bladder

·d.)

Muscle

Which of the following statements about ectopic pregnancy is true?

·a.)

The fertilized egg attaches to the endometrium in the uterus.

·b.)

The fertilized egg fuses with the ovary from which it was released.

·c.)

Menstruation occurs and the fertilized egg is expelled from the uterus.

·d.)

The fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the endometrium.

Which of these is a result of the implantation?

·a.)

Release of testosterone

·b.)

Prevention of pregnancy

·c.)

Release of oocytes

·d.)

Prevention of menstruation

When does implantation normally occur?

·a.)

Two to three days after fertilization

·b.)

Around a week after fertilization

·c.)

Immediately after fertilization

·d.)

Immediately before fertilization

Which of the following is a sac-like structure that gives rise to umbilical blood vessels?

·a.)

Allantois

·b.)

Placenta

·c.)

Yolk sac

·d.)

Amnion

Which of the following statements about the placenta is true?

·a.)

It is a fluid-filled sac that encloses the developing child.

·b.)

It is a protective outer membrane around the developing child.

·c.)

It takes nutrients and oxygen from the mother's body to give to the developing child.

·d.)

It is a membranous sac that provides early nourishment and helps develop the cardiovascular system.

Which of the following secretes hCG to prevent endometrial breakdown?

·a.)

Placenta

·b.)

Chorion

·c.)

Amnion

·d.)

Allantoi

If a woman is just beginning to feel the movements of her developing fetus, how many months has she most likely been pregnant?

·a.)

Five months

·b.)

Three months

·c.)

Two months

·d.)

Four months

Which of these describes the timing of the second trimester of fetal development?

·a.)

Start of the fourth month to the end of the sixth month

·b.)

Start of the second month to end of the fourth month

·c.)

Start of the sixth month to the end of the eighth month

·d.)

Start of the first month to the end of the third month

Why do babies born before the third trimester have a low survival rate?

·a.)

Spina bifida is common in premature babies.

·b.)

Fetal movement cannot be felt.

·c.)

Its organ systems are underdeveloped.

·d.)

The circulatory system has permanent vessels

Which of these lists is the set of hormones that regulates lactation?

·a.)

Estrogen, prostaglandin, prolactin and oxytocin

·b.)

Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin and oxytocin

·c.)

HCG, prostaglandin and prolactin

·d.)

Estrogen and progesterone

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the placenta to trigger birth?

·a.)

Oxytocin

·b.)

Estrogen

·c.)

Testosterone

·d.)

Prostaglandin

During which stage of labor is the baby actually born?

·a.)

Third

·b.)

Second

·c.)

Fourth

·d.)

First

Which developmental disorder can be caused by exposure to cat feces?

·a.)

Teratogen

·b.)

Toxoplasmosis

·c.)

Spina bifida

·d.)

Rubella

Which developmental disorder can occur as a result of the mother's diet?

·a.)

Spina bifida

·b.)

Rubella

·c.)

Toxoplasmosis

·d.)

Teratogen

Which method of detecting birth defects involves sticking a needle through the mother's abdomen?

·a.)

Preimplantation

·b.)

Amniocentesis

·c.)

Chorionic villus sampling

·d.)

All three involve a needle through the abdomen.

 

                            Challenge no 4

The digestive system can be thought of as a long tube with how many openings?

·a.)

3

·b.)

1

·c.)

2

·d.)

4

Which part of the digestive system stores food to mechanically and chemically break it down?

·a.)

Small intestine

·b.)

Large intestine

·c.)

Stomach

·d.)

Esophagus

What is the function of the esophagus in the digestive system?

·a.)

Chemically breaks food down

·b.)

Absorbs nutrients from food

·c.)

Stores food

·d.)

Carries food to the stomach

What is the lumen?

·a.)

The outermost layer of cells on the digestive tract

·b.)

Food that is in the process of being digested

·c.)

The innermost layer of cells in the digestive tract

·d.)

The hollow space inside the digestive tract

The alimentary canal is another name for what?

·a.)

The space inside the ribcage

·b.)

The whole digestive tract

·c.)

The small intestine

·d.)

The esophagus

Which layer of the digestive tract secretes a fluid that reduces friction with other organs?

·a.)

Lumen

·b.)

Smooth muscle

·c.)

Mucosa

·d.)

Serosa

What is bolus?

·a.)

An enzyme that helps with the chemical digestion of food in the mouth

·b.)

A ball of chewed food that is swallowed

·c.)

An item of food as it enters the mouth

·d.)

The act of chewing and swallowing food

Which of the following helps with the chemical digestion of food before it reaches the stomach?

·a.)

Teeth

·b.)

Chyme

·c.)

Saliva

·d.)

Bolus

Which of the following is an agent of mechanical digestion in the mouth?

·a.)

Salivary amylase

·b.)

Teeth

·c.)

Peristalsis

·d.)

Saliva

Which of the following are enzymes that help break down food?

·a.)

Pepsins

·b.)

Gastric juices

·c.)

Chyme

·d.)

Bolus

What is chyme?

·a.)

An enzyme in the gastric juices that helps with the chemical digestion of food in the stomach

·b.)

The paste-like mixture of partially digested food and gastric juices that enters the small intestine from the stomach

·c.)

Rhythmic contractions of the stomach that play a role in mechanical digestion

·d.)

The ball of chewed food that enters the stomach from the esophagus

What is the cause of heartburn?

·a.)

The sphincter between the stomach and esophagus allows chyme to enter the esophagus.

·b.)

Gastric juices in the stomach are too acidic.

·c.)

The sphincter between the stomach and esophagus doesn't allow food to enter the stomach.

·d.)

The sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine creates a food backup that reaches the esophagus.

What is the name of middle segment of the small intestine?

·a.)

Duodenum

·b.)

Lipase

·c.)

Ileum

·d.)

Jejunum

Which of the following are finger-like projections that increase the surface area inside the small intestine?

·a.)

Microvilli

·b.)

Jejunum

·c.)

Ileum

·d.)

Villi

Which sequence represents the proper order from largest to smallest?

·a.)

Microvilli, intestinal folds, mucosa

·b.)

Intestinal folds, mucosa, microvilli

·c.)

Mucosa, intestinal folds, microvilli

·d.)

Microvilli, intestinal folds, mucosa

Which organ releases bile into the small intestine?

·a.)

Pancreas

·b.)

All three

·c.)

Liver

·d.)

Gallbladder

Which organ helps filter out toxins from the bloodstream?

·a.)

All three

·b.)

Pancreas

·c.)

Liver

·d.)

Gallbladder

Which organ releases enzymes that help break down nutrients in the small intestine, as well as regulates blood sugar levels?

·a.)

All three

·b.)

Pancreas

·c.)

Liver

·d.)

Gallbladder

Which part of the large intestine acts as a temporary storage for waste?

·a.)

Anus

·b.)

Appendix

·c.)

Rectum

·d.)

Descending colon

Which part of the large intestine stores certain components of the immune system?

·a.)

Rectum

·b.)

Appendix

·c.)

Descending colon

·d.)

Ascending colon

Which part of the large intestine is responsible for absorbing water?

·a.)

Transverse colon

·b.)

Descending colon

·c.)

All parts absorb water

·d.)

Ascending colon

Which disorder of the digestive system results from the colon absorbing too much water?

·a.)

Cirrhosis

·b.)

Gastroesophageal reflux

·c.)

Diarrhea

·d.)

Constipation

Which disorder of the digestive system involves damaged liver cells that are replaced by connective tissue?

·a.)

Gastroesophageal reflux

·b.)

Cirrhosis

·c.)

Cystic fibrosis

·d.)

Crohn's disease

Which disorder of the digestive system involves the inability to digest fats?

·a.)

Cystic fibrosis

·b.)

Hepatitis

·c.)

Lactose intolerance

·d.)

Crohn's disease

Which of these is an important part of a diet even though it has little or no nutritional value?

·a.)

Lipids

·b.)

Minerals

·c.)

Carbohydrates

·d.)

Fibers

Which of these is a mineral found in dairy products?

·a.)

Sodium

·b.)

Magnesium

·c.)

Iron

·d.)

Calcium

What is the function of protein in the human body?

·a.)

For cell membranes

·b.)

To cushion organs

·c.)

To be broken down to provide energy

·d.)

To build muscle

                                    Challenge no #5

Which of these organs helps to regulate the composition and volume of body fluids?

·a.)

Pancreas

·b.)

Heart

·c.)

Kidney

·d.)

Stomach

Urine is transported from the kidneys by which of the following?

·a.)

Urethra

·b.)

Nephron

·c.)

Ureters

·d.)

Proximal tubule

Which of the following is considered an extracellular fluid?

·a.)

Blood plasma

·b.)

Stomach acid

·c.)

All choices are correct

·d.)

The fluid which surrounds the cells

Which part of the kidney extends into the renal medulla?

·a.)

Proximal tubule

·b.)

Glomerulus

·c.)

Distal convoluted tubule

·d.)

Loop of Henle

What is the first tubular part of the nephron?

·a.)

Glomerulus

·b.)

Proximal tubule

·c.)

Distal convoluted tubule

·d.)

Loop of Henle

Which part of the kidney is made up of small, tubular structures that filter blood?

·a.)

Ureter

·b.)

Urinary bladder

·c.)

Renal cortex

·d.)

Nephron

Which of these is NOT filtered out of the glomerular capillaries?

·a.)

Sodium

·b.)

Platelets

·c.)

Urea

·d.)

Vitamins

What is the correct sequence of urine formation in the kidneys?

·a.)

Reabsorption → Secretion → Filtration

·b.)

Filtration → Secretion → Reabsorption

·c.)

Reabsorption → Filtration → Secretion

·d.)

Filtration → Reabsorption → Secretion

Which of these statements is true about secretion?

·a.)

It helps in maintaining the acid base balance in the body.

·b.)

It is the second step in urine formation.

·c.)

It helps solutes move out of the nephron.

·d.)

It moves substances from the forming urine into the peritubular capillaries.

Which of the following will be the body's response to an individual becoming dehydrated?

·a.)

ADH is released, which decreases the reabsorption of water and causes the urine to become diluted.

·b.)

ADH is released, which causes increased reabsorption of water and causes the urine to become concentrated.

·c.)

ADH is released, which causes the increased reabsorption of water and causes the urine to become diluted.

·d.)

ADH is released, which decreases the reabsorption of water and causes the urine to become concentrated.

Kate has gone on a long hike and forgotten to bring water. She becomes dehydrated and her blood volume drops. 

Which of the following will occur in her body to maintain homeostasis?

·a.)

Diuretics cause her body to reabsorb less sodium and dilute her urine.

·b.)

ADH levels decrease in an attempt to reabsorb more water and increase blood volume and blood pressure.

·c.)

The release of renin is triggered, which concentrates her urine and causes an increase of resorbed water.

·d.)

Aldosterone levels decrease, causing a decrease in sodium reabsorption and more diluted urine.

Which hormone signals the kidneys to conserve water to maintain homeostasis when a person is not taking in as much water as they are losing?

·a.)

Thyroid stimulating hormone

·b.)

Insulin

·c.)

Antidiuretic hormone

·d.)

Adrenalin

Which of the following blood pH levels is in the normal range?

·a.)

7.2

·b.)

7

·c.)

7.4

·d.)

7.6

What happens when blood is too basic?

·a.)

Less bicarbonate is released into the bloodstream.

·b.)

More bicarbonate is released into the bloodstream.

·c.)

Nothing, blood is supposed to be basic.

·d.)

Less hydrogen ions are released.

The body releases bicarbonate when blood is __________.

·a.)

out of the normal pH range either way

·b.)

too acidic

·c.)

too basic

·d.)

in the normal pH range

Which is more prevalent in women than in men?

·a.)

Urinary tract infection

·b.)

Bladder cancer

·c.)

Sex is irrelevant to kidney health

·d.)

Kidney cancer

Which of these is true about the effect of alcohol consumption?

·a.)

It inhibits antidiuretic hormone.

·b.)

It decreases urinary output.

·c.)

It maintains water balance.

·d.)

It stimulates antidiuretic hormone

Which disorder results from the buildup of minerals in the kidneys?

·a.)

Urinary tract infections

·b.)

Nephritis

·c.)

Kidney stones

·d.)

Kidney cancer

SmartExpert

(118)

Status NEW Posted 11 Aug 2020 05:08 PM My Price 15.00

SCI----------- 11-----------5 H-----------uma-----------n B-----------iol-----------ogy----------- Un-----------it -----------5 -----------Cha-----------lle-----------nge-----------s S-----------oph-----------ia -----------Cou-----------rse-----------

Attachments

file 1597173931-Unit 5 Challenges.docx preview (2221 words )

-----------Uni-----------t n-----------o #-----------5 E-----------ndo-----------cri-----------ne -----------, R-----------epr-----------odu-----------cti-----------ve -----------,Di-----------ges-----------tiv-----------e ,----------- an-----------d u-----------rin-----------ary----------- sy-----------ste-----------ms ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Ch-----------all-----------eng-----------e n-----------o #-----------1 ----------- Wh-----------ich----------- of----------- th-----------e f-----------oll-----------owi-----------ng -----------is -----------a c-----------hem-----------ica-----------l m-----------ess-----------eng-----------er -----------tha-----------t f-----------low-----------s t-----------hro-----------ugh----------- th-----------e b-----------loo-----------dst-----------rea-----------m a-----------nd -----------all-----------ows----------- co-----------mmu-----------nic-----------ati-----------on -----------all----------- ov-----------er -----------the----------- bo-----------dy?----------- a-----------.) ----------- Ne-----------uro-----------ns ----------- b.-----------) -----------Lym-----------ph ----------- c.-----------) -----------Pla-----------tel-----------ets----------- d-----------.) ----------- Ho-----------rmo-----------nes----------- W-----------hic-----------h b-----------est----------- de-----------scr-----------ibe-----------s t-----------he -----------end-----------ocr-----------ine----------- sy-----------ste-----------m? ----------- a.-----------) -----------A s-----------yst-----------em -----------tha-----------t h-----------elp-----------s d-----------ist-----------rib-----------ute----------- ox-----------yge-----------n a-----------nd -----------oth-----------er -----------nut-----------rie-----------nts----------- to----------- ce-----------lls----------- al-----------l o-----------ver----------- th-----------e b-----------ody-----------

Not Rated(0)

• Buy Answer