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SCI 115 Unit 5Â Milestone Human Biology Sophia Course
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1
Which step(s) of urine formation is important to maintain the body's acid-base balance?
·
Secretion
·
Filtration and reabsorption
·
Reabsorption
·
Filtration
CONCEPT
Urine Formation
2
Which of the following is associated directly with the endocrine system?
·
Skeletal muscle
·
Phagocytes
·
Hormones
·
Lymph nodes
CONCEPT
Endocrine System
3
The body lowers its output of bicarbonate when blood is __________.
·
too acidic
·
in the normal pH range
·
too basic
·
out of the normal pH range either way
CONCEPT
Blood pH
4
Which organ(s) of the endocrine system is/are shared with another system?
·
Thyroid gland
·
Testes and ovaries
·
Thymus gland
·
Adrenal glands
CONCEPT
Organs of the Endocrine System
5
What body part develops from the mesoderm?
·
Bones
·
Hair
·
Lungs
·
Brain
CONCEPT
Fertilization and Early Development
6
What is produced by the ovaries?
·
Granulosa cells
·
Oocytes
·
Endometrium
·
Zygote
CONCEPT
Female Reproductive System
7
Which of the following is an agent of chemical digestion in the mouth?
·
Chyme
·
Bolus
·
Teeth
·
Salivary amylase
CONCEPT
Chewing and Swallowing
8
Which part of the large intestine is analogous to the urinary bladder?
·
Rectum
·
Descending colon
·
Appendix
·
Anus
CONCEPT
Large Intestine
9
The developing child is surrounded by a fluid filled sac called the __________.
·
Yolk sac
·
Chorion
·
Amnion
·
Placenta
CONCEPT
Placenta
10
Which of these is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex?
·
Aldosterone
·
Norepinephrine
·
Epinephrine
·
Cortisol
CONCEPT
Adrenal Glands
11
Which type of pancreatic cells help to raise blood sugar?
·
Gamma cells
·
Beta cells
·
Alpha cells
·
Delta cells
CONCEPT
Pancreatic Hormones
12
Which hormone, released during the menstrual cycle, prepares the endometrium for implantation?
·
Estrogen
·
Growth hormone
·
Thyroid stimulating hormone
·
Prolactin
CONCEPT
Ovarian Cycle and Menstrual Cycle
13
In which stage of labor is the placenta expelled from the uterus?
·
Third
·
Second
·
Fourth
·
First
CONCEPT
Labor and Birth
14
Which of the following describes the role of renin in maintaining homeostasis?
·
Its release is prompted by an increase in blood volume and blood pressure.
·
It acts to decrease the amount of water that is reabsorbed.
·
It acts to dilute urine.
·
Its release is prompted by a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure.
CONCEPT
Fluid Balance and Blood Pressure
15
Which choice is true of Sertoli cells?
·
They produce sperm.
·
They release the male sex hormone.
·
They provide nourishment to developing sperm.
·
They release enzymes that help in fertilization.
CONCEPT
Sperm Formation
16
Which layer of the digestive tract contains blood vessels and nerve cells?
·
Submucosa
·
Serosa
·
Lumen
·
Mucosa
CONCEPT
The Alimentary Canal
17
What does "renal" mean?
·
Having to do with the kidneys
·
Having to do with the urinary system
·
The back half of the abdomen
·
Filtrating
CONCEPT
Kidneys
18
Various conditions are associated with aging.Â
Which condition is characterized by decreased mental functions and loss of memory?
·
Alzheimer's disease
·
Andropause
·
Menopause
·
Senescence
CONCEPT
Effects of Aging on Your Body
19
Which of the following statements about brush cells is true?
·
They are found on the villi and have microvilli on them.
·
They are found on the microvilli and have villi on them.
·
They are composed of villi, which are themselves composed of microvilli.
·
They are a part of the lumen that removes harmful substances.
CONCEPT
Small Intestine
20
Which part of the digestive system primarily absorbs nutrients?
·
Small intestine
·
Pharynx
·
Mouth
·
Stomach
CONCEPT
Digestion
21
Which of the following statements about steroid hormones is true?
·
They are lipids that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
·
They are proteins that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
·
They are lipids that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
·
They are proteins that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
CONCEPT
Steroid and Non-Steroid Hormones
22
Which of the following is most likely the cause of Graves' disease?
·
Higher than normal levels of thyroid hormones in the blood
·
Lower than normal levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood
·
Lower than normal levels of thyroid hormones in the blood
·
Higher than normal levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood
CONCEPT
Thyroid and Parathyroid
23
Which of these can be concluded from an 8-week-old embryo?
·
It has attached earlobes.
·
It has brown hair.
·
It is prone to obesity.
·
It is a female.
CONCEPT
Embryonic and Fetal Development
24
Which organ stores bile?
·
Liver
·
Pancreas
·
All three
·
Gallbladder
CONCEPT
Pancreas, Gallbladder, & Liver
25
Which of the following statements about the stomach is true?
·
The stomach processes nutrients, absorbs water and removes any toxins created during chemical digestion.
·
Amylase is the pasty substance that's created when stomach enzymes and food mix together.
·
The stomach receives chyme from the esophagus, which it turns into bolus before passing it on to the small intestine.
·
Pepsins are the digestive enzymes that enable the stomach to break down proteins.
CONCEPT
Stomach
26
Where is sperm stored in order to mature after production?
·
Penis
·
Testes
·
Vas deferens
·
Epididymis
CONCEPT
Male Reproductive System
1
What body part develops from the mesoderm?
·
Lungs
·
Hair
·
Brain
·
Bones
CONCEPT
Fertilization and Early Development
2
Various conditions are associated with aging.Â
Which condition is characterized by decreased mental functions and loss of memory?
·
Senescence
·
Andropause
·
Menopause
·
Alzheimer's disease
CONCEPT
Effects of Aging on Your Body
3
Which of the following describes a way in which a diuretic can impact homeostatic conditions in the body?
·
It can cause the water to overly concentrate urine.
·
It can cause the body to reabsorb more sodium than it normally would.
·
It can cause the body to drastically decrease urine output.
·
It can cause the body to lose more water than necessary through urine.
CONCEPT
Fluid Balance and Blood Pressure
4
Which of the following is a mix of secretions that helps chemically digest food?
·
Gastric juice
·
Pepsins
·
Chyme
·
Bolus
CONCEPT
Stomach
5
Which organ releases enzymes that help neutralize the acids in chyme?
·
Pancreas
·
Liver
·
Gallbladder
·
All three
CONCEPT
Pancreas, Gallbladder, & Liver
6
What is it called when one hormone helps another have its full effect?
·
Permissive interaction
·
Supportive interaction
·
Opposing interaction
·
Synergistic interaction
CONCEPT
Endocrine System
7
Which segment of the small intestine connects to the large intestine?
Â
·
Lipase
·
Jejunum
·
Duodenum
·
Ileum
CONCEPT
Small Intestine
8
Which type of digestion occurs in the mouth?
·
Mechanical
·
Both mechanical and chemical
·
Neither mechanical nor chemical
·
Chemical
CONCEPT
Chewing and Swallowing
9
Which organ secretes fructose that is used by sperm as an energy source?
·
Prostate gland
·
Vas deferens
·
Epididymis
·
Seminal vesicle
CONCEPT
Male Reproductive System
10
After conception, how long does it take an embryo to develop a basic body plan?
·
5 weeks
·
6 weeks
·
8 weeks
·
1 week
CONCEPT
Embryonic and Fetal Development
11
Where does digestion begin?
·
The stomach
·
The large intestine
·
The mouth
·
The small intestine
CONCEPT
Digestion
12
Which part of the kidney does the actual filtering of the blood?
·
Renal cortex
·
Renal pelvis
·
Nephrons
·
Renal medulla
CONCEPT
Kidneys
13
Which of the following statements about steroid hormones is true?
·
They are proteins that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
·
They are proteins that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
·
They are lipids that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
·
They are lipids that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
CONCEPT
Steroid and Non-Steroid Hormones
14
Which of the following is most likely the cause of Graves' disease?
·
Lower than normal levels of thyroid hormones in the blood
·
Lower than normal levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood
·
Higher than normal levels of thyroid hormones in the blood
·
Higher than normal levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood
CONCEPT
Thyroid and Parathyroid
15
Which of these is true about the cervix?
·
It is the inner lining of the uterus.
·
It is the lower part of the uterus which leads to the vagina.
·
It is the site for the production of oocytes.
·
It is a point where the fallopian tube attaches to the uterus.
CONCEPT
Female Reproductive System
16
Which type of cells are responsible for the growth of facial hair and the deepening of the voice in males during puberty?
·
Sertoli cells
·
Stem cells
·
Leydig cells
·
Schwann cells
CONCEPT
Sperm Formation
17
In which stage of labor is the placenta expelled from the uterus?
·
Second
·
First
·
Fourth
·
Third
CONCEPT
Labor and Birth
18
Which gland is called the "master gland?"
·
Adrenal gland
·
Pituitary gland
·
Thyroid gland
·
Thymus gland
CONCEPT
Organs of the Endocrine System
19
Which of these is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex?
·
Aldosterone
·
Norepinephrine
·
Cortisol
·
Epinephrine
CONCEPT
Adrenal Glands
20
Which of the following best describes blood pH when homeostasis is maintained?
·
Slightly basic
·
Heavily acidic
·
Neutral
·
Slightly acidic
CONCEPT
Blood pH
21
Which part of the large intestine absorbs water?
·
Ascending colon
·
All parts absorb water
·
Descending colon
·
Transverse colon
CONCEPT
Large Intestine
22
Before an oocyte leaves the ovary, it is surrounded by nourishing cells and is called what?
·
A follicle
·
An oviduct
·
A zona pellucida
·
A menarche
CONCEPT
Ovarian Cycle and Menstrual Cycle
23
Which type of pancreatic cells help to raise blood sugar?
·
Gamma cells
·
Alpha cells
·
Delta cells
·
Beta cells
CONCEPT
Pancreatic Hormones
24
The developing child is surrounded by a fluid filled sac called the __________.
·
Amnion
·
Chorion
·
Yolk sac
·
Placenta
CONCEPT
Placenta
25
Which of the following is the innermost layer of the digestive tract?
·
Lumen
·
Serosa
·
Mucosa
·
Submucosa
CONCEPT
The Alimentary Canal
26
Which step(s) of urine formation is important to maintain the body's acid-base balance?
·
Secretion
·
Reabsorption
·
Filtration and reabsorption
·
Filtration
CONCEPT
Urine Formation
After fertilization, the newly formed zygote begins to divide into multiple cells through a process called __________.
·
Gastrulation
·
Morphogenesis
·
Cleavage
·
Blastomere
A woman has had a miscarriage; what happened to her fetus?
·
It was overdeveloped.
·
It was implanted too firmly in the uterus.
·
It was spontaneously expelled from the uterus.
·
It was underdeveloped.
What are villi?
·
Small, finger-like projections that line the mucosa and act to increase surface area and absorb nutrients
·
Hair-like projections that cover villi and aid in absorption of nutrients
·
An enzyme that breaks down fats in the digestive system
·
Wave-like muscle contractions that push contents through the small intestine
Which of the following statements about steroid hormones is true?
·
They are proteins that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
·
They are proteins that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
·
They are lipids that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
·
They are lipids that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
Which type of pancreatic cells help to lower blood sugar?
·
Beta cells
·
Gamma cells
·
Delta cells
·
Alpha cells
What happens when blood is too acidic?
·
Nothing, blood is supposed to be acidic.
·
More hydrogen ions are released.
·
More bicarbonate is released into the bloodstream.
·
Less bicarbonate is released into the bloodstream.
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the thyroid gland?
·
Cortisol
·
Epinephrine
·
Calcitonin
·
Glucocorticoids
Where are sphincters found?
·
Between two parts of the digestive tract
·
Throughout the small intestine
·
On the outside of the digestive tract
·
Between the pharynx and the mouth
What is the outer part of the adrenal gland called?
·
Adrenal medulla
·
Adrenal dermis
·
Adrenal body
·
Adrenal cortex
Which type of digestion occurs in the stomach?
·
Mechanical
·
Neither mechanical nor chemical
·
Chemical
·
Both mechanical and chemical
1
Which definition best suits pancreatic islets?
·
Cells of the pancreas that secrete somatostatin
·
Groups of all three types of pancreatic cells
·
Cells of the pancreas that secrete glucagon
·
Cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin
CONCEPT
Pancreatic Hormones
2
Which type of digestion occurs in the mouth?
·
Mechanical
·
Both mechanical and chemical
·
Chemical
·
Neither mechanical nor chemical
CONCEPT
Chewing and Swallowing
3
Select the statement that describes the filtration stage of urine formation.
·
The bloodstream retrieves valuable substances that have been separated out during this second step of urine formation.
·
During this third step of urine formation, urine filters into the ureters and ultimately to the urinary bladder for storage.
·
To maintain the body's acid-base balance, substances move from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules.
·
Water and other small solutes are separated out of the blood in the Bowman’s capsule.
CONCEPT
Urine Formation
4
Which of these is true about the cervix?
·
It is the lower part of the uterus which leads to the vagina.
·
It is a point where the fallopian tube attaches to the uterus.
·
It is the inner lining of the uterus.
·
It is the site for the production of oocytes.
CONCEPT
Female Reproductive System
5
Which of the following describes a way in which a diuretic can impact homeostatic conditions in the body?
·
It can cause the water to overly concentrate urine.
·
It can cause the body to drastically decrease urine output.
·
It can cause the body to reabsorb more sodium than it normally would.
·
It can cause the body to lose more water than necessary through urine.
CONCEPT
Fluid Balance and Blood Pressure
6
Which of the following statements is true?
·
Hormones, which are secreted by the endocrine system, help regulate homeostasis in the body.
·
Insulin is an example of a hormone that is released by the adrenal glands.
·
Hormones are generalized and can have an effect on any cell in the body.
·
The pituitary gland is an organ of the endocrine system that secretes the hormone melatonin.
CONCEPT
Endocrine System
7
Which of the following best describes blood pH when homeostasis is maintained?
·
Heavily acidic
·
Slightly acidic
·
Neutral
·
Slightly basic
CONCEPT
Blood pH
8
After fertilization, the newly formed zygote begins to divide into multiple cells through a process called __________.
·
Morphogenesis
·
Blastomere
·
Gastrulation
·
Cleavage
CONCEPT
Fertilization and Early Development
9
If no embryo is implanted in the uterus, which two hormones' levels decrease in the body of an adult female?
·
FSH and LH
·
Estrogen and progesterone
·
Estrogen and FSH
·
Progesterone and LH
CONCEPT
Ovarian Cycle and Menstrual Cycle
10
Which organ of the endocrine system is part of the brain?
·
Pineal gland
·
Pancreas
·
Adrenal gland
·
Parathyroid gland
CONCEPT
Organs of the Endocrine System
11
Which of the following statements about secondary messengers is true?
·
They work with both steroid and non-steroid hormones to carry out their effects in the cell.
·
They carry out the effects of non-steroid hormones within the cell.
·
They are a third type of hormone, although they differ significantly from the other two.
·
They carry out the effects of steroid hormones within the cell.
CONCEPT
Steroid and Non-Steroid Hormones
12
After conception, how long does it take an embryo to develop a basic body plan?
·
1 week
·
5 weeks
·
6 weeks
·
8 weeks
CONCEPT
Embryonic and Fetal Development
13
Which of the following statements about aging is true?
·
As we age, we often become shorter because the discs in between your vertebrae become more compact.
·
The way in which you age is completely dictated by your genes.
·
The telomeres on our chromosomes grow longer as we age.
·
When a male goes through andropause, his testosterone levels drop and he is no longer able to reproduce.
CONCEPT
Effects of Aging on Your Body
14
Which of the following structures connects a developing child to the placenta?
·
Umbilical cord
·
Amnion
·
Chorion
·
Yolk sac
CONCEPT
Placenta
15
Which type of cells are responsible for the growth of facial hair and the deepening of the voice in males during puberty?
·
Leydig cells
·
Stem cells
·
Schwann cells
·
Sertoli cells
CONCEPT
Sperm Formation
16
Which of the following is a mix of secretions that helps chemically digest food?
·
Pepsins
·
Bolus
·
Chyme
·
Gastric juice
CONCEPT
Stomach
17
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla?
·
Mineralocorticoids
·
Cortisol
·
Epinephrine
·
Glucocorticoids
CONCEPT
Adrenal Glands
18
Which part of the digestive system primarily absorbs water?
·
Stomach
·
Large intestine
·
Mouth
·
Esophagus
CONCEPT
Digestion
19
What happens when calcium levels in the blood drop too low?
·
The parathyroid releases parathyroid hormone, which guides the remodeling process to add more calcium to the bloodstream.
·
The thyroid releases calcitonin, which guides the remodeling process to add more calcium to the bloodstream.
·
The thyroid releases calcitonin, which guides the remodeling process to remove calcium from the bloodstream.
·
The parathyroid releases calcitonin, which guides the remodeling process to add more calcium to the bloodstream.
CONCEPT
Thyroid and Parathyroid
20
Which part of the large intestine helps fight parasites that have survived the previous digestive tract?
·
Appendix
·
Rectum
·
All parts of the large intestine
·
Colon
CONCEPT
Large Intestine
21
Which part of the kidney does the actual filtering of the blood?
·
Renal pelvis
·
Nephrons
·
Renal medulla
·
Renal cortex
CONCEPT
Kidneys
22
What are villi?
·
Small, finger-like projections that line the mucosa and act to increase surface area and absorb nutrients
·
Wave-like muscle contractions that push contents through the small intestine
·
Hair-like projections that cover villi and aid in absorption of nutrients
·
An enzyme that breaks down fats in the digestive system
CONCEPT
Small Intestine
23
Which organ secretes fructose that is used by sperm as an energy source?
·
Prostate gland
·
Epididymis
·
Vas deferens
·
Seminal vesicle
CONCEPT
Male Reproductive System
24
Which of the following is the innermost layer of the digestive tract?
·
Mucosa
·
Lumen
·
Serosa
·
Submucosa
CONCEPT
The Alimentary Canal
25
Which organ processes and stores nutrients from the digestive system?
·
All three
·
Gallbladder
·
Liver
·
Pancreas
CONCEPT
Pancreas, Gallbladder, & Liver
26
What stimulus will cause the baby to take its first breath?
·
Increased levels of oxytocin
·
The presence of air after birth
·
The cutting of the umbilical cord
·
Carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
CONCEPT
Labor and Birth
Â
Which of these describes the endometrium?
·
The external orifice of the uterus
·
The inner lining of the uterus
·
The tube connecting the ovary to the uterus
·
The site of oogenesis
Which of the following is most likely the cause of Graves' disease?
·
Higher than normal levels of thyroid hormones in the blood
·
Higher than normal levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood
·
Lower than normal levels of thyroid hormones in the blood
·
Lower than normal levels of parathyroid hormone in the blood
How many chromosomes can be found in the nucleus of an unfertilized, female egg cell?
·
46
·
0
·
23
·
0.5
Select the correct route of sperm once they are produced.
·
Penis → Testes → Urethra → Epididymis → Ejaculatory duct → Vas deferens
·
Testes → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra → Penis
·
Penis → Urethra → Ejaculatory duct → Vas deferens → Epididymis →Testes
·
Testes → Penis → Epididymis → Urethra → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct
In which step of urine formation is the glomerulus involved?
·
Secretion
·
Filtration
·
All three
·
Reabsorption
Which of the following statements about brush cells is true?
·
They are found on the microvilli and have villi on them.
·
They are found on the villi and have microvilli on them.
·
They are composed of villi, which are themselves composed of microvilli.
·
They are a part of the lumen that removes harmful substances.
Â
Which of these produces blood cells and germ cells at the early stages of fetal development?
·
Allantois
·
·
Amnion
·
·
Placenta
·
·
Yolk sac
·
After being removed from the blood in the Bowman's capsule, filtrate moves into the __________.
·
loop of Henle
·
·
distal convoluted tubule
·
·
glomerulus
·
·
proximal convoluted tubule
·
Which of the following statements about non-steroid hormones is true?
·
They are lipids that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
·
·
They are proteins that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
·
·
They are proteins that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
·
·
They are lipids that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
·
Which part of the large intestine is analogous to the urinary bladder?
·
Rectum
·
·
Descending colon
·
·
Anus
·
·
Appendix
·
An individual's blood volume and blood pressure decrease.Â
Which of the following will be the body's response to maintain homeostasis and increase the blood volume and blood pressure?
·
ADH is released, less water is reabsorbed, the urine becomes more concentrated
·
·
ADH is released, the kidneys conserve water, urine becomes concentrated
·
·
ADH is released, less water is reabsorbed, the urine becomes more diluted
·
·
ADH is released, the kidneys conserve water, the urine becomes more diluted
·
Which of the following statements about non-steroid hormones is true?
·
They are lipids that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
·
They are proteins that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
·
They are lipids that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
·
They are proteins that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
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