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BS,MBA, PHD
Adelphi University/Devry
Apr-2000 - Mar-2005
HOD ,Professor
Adelphi University
Sep-2007 - Apr-2017
SCI 115 Final Exam Human Biology sophia Course
Click below link for Answers
1
Which part of the large intestine is analogous to the urinary bladder?
·
Anus
·
Rectum
·
Descending colon
·
Appendix
CONCEPT
Large Intestine
2
Which part of the brain receives nerve impulses from the optic nerve?Â
·
Cerebral cortex
·
Visual cortex
·
Corpus callosum
·
Brainstem
CONCEPT
Vision
3
Which nerves are mostly involved in pupil dilation and other "fight-or-flight" responses?
·
Sympathetic
·
Parasympathetic
·
Autonomic
·
Somatic
CONCEPT
Central And Peripheral Nervous System
4
Why are mitochondria called the "powerhouse" of a cell?
·
They convert water into oxygen.
·
They convert light into food.
·
They convert food into energy.
·
They convert energy into oxygen.
CONCEPT
Mitochondria
5
What funnels sound waves from outside the ear toward the middle ear?
·
Auditory canal
·
Eardrum
·
Auditory nerve
·
Mechanoreceptors
CONCEPT
Ear Anatomy and Hearing
6
What is "tidal volume?"
·
The amount of air in each breath
·
The minimum amount of oxygen that has to be present in the air
·
The amount of water the lungs can hold without failing
·
The amount of water the human body can hold
CONCEPT
Respiration and the Respiratory Cycle
7
Which type of white blood cell targets bacteria and fungi?
·
Neutrophils
·
Basophils
·
Eosinophils
·
Monocytes
CONCEPT
White Blood Cells
8
Which of the following is an example of an integrator working to maintain homeostasis?
·
The brain processes information about blood calcium levels being too high and determines that calcium levels need to be lowered.Â
·
The heart begins pumping faster if blood pressure drops too low.
·
Muscle cells cause you to shiver in an attempt to raise your body temperature if it is too low.
·
Thermoreceptors in your body detect a change in temperature when you walk into an air-conditioned building.
CONCEPT
Homeostasis
9
Which of the following body parts is included in the appendicular skeleton?
·
Backbone
·
Head
·
Chest
·
Hips
CONCEPT
Skeleton
10
Which organ of the endocrine system is part of the brain?
·
Adrenal gland
·
Pineal gland
·
Pancreas
·
Parathyroid gland
CONCEPT
Organs of the Endocrine System
11
What kind of blood pressure exists when the ventricle relaxes?
·
Diastolic
·
Hypotension
·
Systolic
·
Hypertension
CONCEPT
Blood Pressure
12
Which part of the kidney does the actual filtering of the blood?
·
Renal cortex
·
Nephrons
·
Renal medulla
·
Renal pelvis
CONCEPT
Kidneys
13
What is the gene that goes with a trait called?
·
Genotype
·
Recessive allele
·
Phenotype
·
Heredity
CONCEPT
Heredity
14
Which statement about active transport is true?
·
It involves the use of DNA.
·
It requires ATP molecules.
·
It does not require transport proteins.
·
It involves smaller molecules only.
CONCEPT
Facilitated Diffusion
15
A tonicity with a high concentration of solutes is said to be _________.
·
isotonic
·
hypertonic
·
hypotonic
·
selectively permeable
CONCEPT
Osmosis
16
What is variation, in the extent to which a gene is expressed, called?
·
Multifactorial trait
·
Pleiotropy
·
Penetrance
·
Polygenic trait
CONCEPT
Polygenic Traits and Pleiotropy
17
Which segment of the small intestine connects to the large intestine?
Â
·
Duodenum
·
Lipase
·
Ileum
·
Jejunum
CONCEPT
Small Intestine
18
Which of the following describes a way in which a diuretic can impact homeostatic conditions in the body?
·
It can cause the water to overly concentrate urine.
·
It can cause the body to reabsorb more sodium than it normally would.
·
It can cause the body to drastically decrease urine output.
·
It can cause the body to lose more water than necessary through urine.
CONCEPT
Fluid Balance and Blood Pressure
19
Which of the following statements about secondary messengers is true?
·
They carry out the effects of steroid hormones within the cell.
·
They are a third type of hormone, although they differ significantly from the other two.
·
They work with both steroid and non-steroid hormones to carry out their effects in the cell.
·
They carry out the effects of non-steroid hormones within the cell.
CONCEPT
Steroid and Non-Steroid Hormones
20
The origin and the insertion are made up of __________.
·
ligaments
·
tendons
·
smooth muscle
·
myofibrils
CONCEPT
Skeletal Muscles
21
Which organelle is mainly responsible for synthesizing proteins?
·
Golgi body
·
Ribosomes
·
Smooth ER
·
Nuclear envelope
CONCEPT
Endoplasmic Reticulum
22
Which of the following represents an involuntary muscle contraction?
·
Maureen's pupils narrow in response to bright light.
·
Jude turns the page of a book he's reading.
·
Roxanne goes for a walk to stimulate her muscles the day after finishing a marathon.
·
Michael swats a fly away from his food.
CONCEPT
Muscular System
23
Which component of blood helps it to clot?
·
Platelets
·
Plasma
·
Red blood cells
·
White blood cells
CONCEPT
Blood
24
The _______ is the part of the brain that controls voluntary movements, while the ______ helps regulate activities that we do not control, including breathing and heartbeat.
·
cerebellum; cerebrum
·
midbrain; hindbrain
·
cerebellum; medulla oblongataÂ
·
medulla oblongata; pons
CONCEPT
Hindbrain and Midbrain
25
Which of the following occurs during interphase (G1, S and G2) of the cell cycle?
·
The cell grows larger and makes copies of DNA to prepare for cell division.
·
Chromosomes align on the metaphase plate.
·
DNA condenses into chromosomes.
·
The plasma membrane pinches off to form two separate cells.
CONCEPT
Mitosis
1
Which eye disorder has the following characteristics?
·Eyeball is wider than it is tall.
·Images focus in front of the retina rather than on it.
·
Glaucoma
·
Hyperopia
·
Myopia
·
Retinoblastoma
CONCEPT
Disorders of the Eye
2
Which of the following is required for muscle contraction?
·
Sodium
·
Zinc
·
Calcium
·
Magnesium
CONCEPT
Nervous System and Contractions
3
What role does the enzyme thrombin play in blood clotting?
·
It attracts platelets to itself to cause a clot.
·
It causes red blood cells to clump together and form a clot.
·
It causes threads to form across the damaged area that catch platelets and cause a clot.
·
It binds with platelets to make fibrin, which then covers the damaged area like a sheet.
CONCEPT
Platelets
4
Which of the following is the result of mitosis?
·
Four diploid cells that are identical to the parent cell
·
Four haploid cells that are identical to the parent cell
·
Two haploid cells that are identical to the parent cell
·
Two diploid daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
CONCEPT
Mitosis
5
Which organ secretes fructose that is used by sperm as an energy source?
·
Prostate gland
·
Seminal vesicle
·
Epididymis
·
Vas deferens
CONCEPT
Male Reproductive System
6
Which of these is true about a clone?
·
It is a white blood cell infected by a virus.
·
It is a genetic copy of a cell.
·
It is a type of cancerous stem cell.
·
It is a hybrid version of two different cell types.
CONCEPT
DNA Technology and Research
7
Which choice is true of Sertoli cells?
·
They release enzymes that help in fertilization.
·
They produce sperm.
·
They release the male sex hormone.
·
They provide nourishment to developing sperm.
CONCEPT
Sperm Formation
8
Select the statement that is TRUE regarding metabolism.
·
In catabolism, complex carbohydrates are formed from smaller molecules.
·
In anabolism, complex carbohydrates are broken down into basic sugars.
·
In anabolism, complex carbohydrates are formed from smaller molecules.
·
In catabolism, monosaccharides are turned into polysaccharides.
CONCEPT
Metabolism
9
Which of the following sources of information is most credible?
·
Medical advice given by a nursing intern during an appointment
·
A lecture given by a biology teacher on the first day of class
·
An unbacked statement from a trusted friend
·
A high school biology textbook written and reviewed by a team of biology professors
CONCEPT
Evaluate Information
10
Which part of the large intestine helps fight parasites that have survived the previous digestive tract?
·
Appendix
·
Colon
·
All parts of the large intestine
·
Rectum
CONCEPT
Large Intestine
11
Why is DNA replication considered semi-conservative?
·
Two strands of the original DNA molecule are separated.
·
The new double helix has two strands of new DNA.
·
Half of the DNA molecule produced is from an RNA precursor.
·
The new double helix has one strand from the original DNA and one new strand.
CONCEPT
DNA Replication
12
This ear disorder, which produces inflammation in the inner ear, is commonly referred to as an ear infection.
·
Motion sickness
·
Vertigo
·
Otis media
·
Tinnitus
CONCEPT
Disorders of the Ear
13
Jaundice, which is among the many negative side effects of anabolic steroid use, indicates damage to which part of the body?
·
Kidneys
·
Pancreas
·
Liver
·
Bone marrow
CONCEPT
Muscle Building and Steroids
14
What does "renal" mean?
·
The back half of the abdomen
·
Having to do with the urinary system
·
Filtrating
·
Having to do with the kidneys
CONCEPT
Kidneys
15
Which of the following statements about the stomach is true?
·
The stomach processes nutrients, absorbs water and removes any toxins created during chemical digestion.
·
Pepsins are the digestive enzymes that enable the stomach to break down proteins.
·
Amylase is the pasty substance that's created when stomach enzymes and food mix together.
·
The stomach receives chyme from the esophagus, which it turns into bolus before passing it on to the small intestine.
CONCEPT
Stomach
16
What is the cerebral spinal fluid's primary role?
·
Keeping an adequate amount of blood flowing into the brain
·
Washing the brain of metabolic waste
·
Connecting the brain to the skull
·
Preventing viruses, toxins and bacteria from entering the brain's blood supply
CONCEPT
The Brain
17
What is the term for wave-like contractions of the digestive tract that help move food through?
·
Salivary amylase
·
Bolus
·
Peristalsis
·
Palate
CONCEPT
Chewing and Swallowing
18
Which of these accurately describes the change in the muscle cells of a person running a marathon?
·
Decrease in myoglobin
·
Increase in the number of skeletal muscles
·
Increase in myoglobin
·
Decrease in the number of mitochondria
CONCEPT
Muscle Building and Steroids
19
Which component of blood plays a role in the immune system?
·
Platelets
·
Plasma
·
White blood cells
·
Red blood cells
CONCEPT
Blood
20
Which of the following contains the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies and the nuclear envelope?
·
The rough ER
·
The lymphatic system
·
The Golgi apparatus
·
The endomembrane system
CONCEPT
Endoplasmic Reticulum
21
Which of these describes agglutination?
·
It is the condition resulting from a person being given type O blood.
·
It is the condition resulting from a person being given the right type of blood.
·
It is the condition resulting from a person being given type AB blood.
·
It is the condition resulting from a person being given the wrong type of blood.
CONCEPT
Blood Types
22
What is the role of a tumor suppressor?
·
Helps normal cells to divide
·
Restricts expression of oncogenes
·
Allows growth of normal cells
·
Promotes growth of oncogenes
CONCEPT
Cancer and Homeostasis
23
Where is cytosol found?
·
Between the two layers of the plasma membrane
·
Inside the nucleus
·
Surrounding the cell
·
In the cytoplasm
CONCEPT
Cytoplasm
24
Which developmental disorder of the brain hinders thinking, language and social skills?
·
Paralysis
·
Schizophrenia
·
Seizure
·
Autism
CONCEPT
Nervous System Health and Disorders
25
At what level of protein structure do amino acid chains twist and fold?
·
Quaternary
·
Tertiary
·
Primary
·
Secondary
CONCEPT
Proteins
Â
 1
What kind of immunity involves white blood cells that have receptors for specific pathogens that changes over time and produces memory cells?
·
Adaptive
·
Innate
·
Pathogenic
·
General
CONCEPT
Pathogens
2
A woman in labor is giving birth to a baby feet first, or in breech.Â
What should the doctor do?
·
Turn the baby around.
·
Push the baby back into the uterus.
·
Pull the baby out of the mother's body.
·
Cut the umbilical cord.
CONCEPT
Labor and Birth
3
Which of the following statements about vaccines is true?
·
A vaccine prompts the body's B-cells to produce antibodies and memory cells.
·
Vaccines elicit the body to produce passive immunity against a particular virus.
·
All vaccines produce lifelong immunity against a virus.
·
The dead or weakened virus injected during a vaccination is an example of an antibody.
CONCEPT
Vaccines
4
Which of the following is released by the brain when there is too little calcium in the blood?
·
Osteoblasts
·
Calcitonin
·
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
·
Osteoclasts
CONCEPT
Homeostasis and Bone Remodeling
5
Which of these is an autosomal recessive disorder that can result in mental retardation if levels of a certain amino acid get too high?
·
Cystic fibrosis
·
Down syndrome
·
Phenylketonuria
·
Huntington's disease
CONCEPT
Autosomal Recessive Traits and Disorders
6
Which of the following statements about aging is true?
·
The way in which you age is completely dictated by your lifestyle.
·
As a woman ages, she enters andropause and can no longer reproduce.
·
All of these statements are correct.
·
Signs of aging may include changes in your skin, height, muscle mass, bones and organ function.
CONCEPT
Effects of Aging on Your Body
7
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true?
·
Phosphorylation halts the process when ATP levels get too low.
·
It is the last stage of cellular respiration.
·
It utilizes a molecule of glucose to produce three ATP.
·
It is an anaerobic process.
CONCEPT
Glycolysis
8
Which statement about active transport is true?
·
It involves smaller molecules only.
·
It does not require transport proteins.
·
It involves the use of DNA.
·
It requires ATP molecules.
CONCEPT
Facilitated Diffusion
9
Sometimes a trait can be influenced by multiple genes.Â
What would such a trait be called?
·
Multifactorial trait
·
Pleiotropy
·
Penetrance
·
Polygenic trait
CONCEPT
Polygenic Traits and Pleiotropy
10
Where is follicle stimulating hormone secreted from?
·
Thyroid gland
·
Hypothalamus
·
Testes
·
Pituitary gland
CONCEPT
Sperm Formation
11
Which of the following characteristics is shared by all organisms?
·
Division into multiple sexes
·
Cycles of consciousness and sleep
·
The ability to grow and reproduce
·
Being made up of multiple cells
CONCEPT
Organisms
12
Which of these chromosome abnormalities results in multiple sets of the same sequence of nucleotides?
·
Translocation
·
Duplication
·
Deletion
·
None of these
CONCEPT
Chromosome Structure Changes
13
Which of these occur once an infected cell is identified by cytotoxic T-cells?
·
The cell digests the pathogen.
·
The cell releases helper T-cells.
·
The cell undergoes apoptosis.
·
The cell starts to replicate.
CONCEPT
Cell-Mediated Response
14
Which statement best defines stem cells?
·
They are located in blood vessels and detect ions or molecules dissolved in the bloodstream.Â
·
They serve specific purposes and are located only in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Â
·
They are undifferentiated and can be found in undeveloped embryos and in mature bodies.Â
·
They are located in the brain and detect changes in body position and acceleration.
CONCEPT
Stem Cells
15
Select the TRUE statement about a resting neuron.
·
It is equally permeable to both sodium and potassium ions.
·
It is non-permeable to both sodium and potassium ions.
·
It is more permeable to potassium ions.
·
It is more permeable to sodium ions.
CONCEPT
Membrane Potential and Action Potential
16
What is the term for wave-like contractions of the digestive tract that help move food through?
·
Palate
·
Peristalsis
·
Bolus
·
Salivary amylase
CONCEPT
Chewing and Swallowing
17
Which of these describes the endometrium?
·
The site of oogenesis
·
The external orifice of the uterus
·
The inner lining of the uterus
·
The tube connecting the ovary to the uterus
CONCEPT
Female Reproductive System
18
A person with blood type A can donate blood to individuals with which blood types?
·
A, O, AB
·
A, O
·
A, AB
·
A, B
CONCEPT
Blood Types
19
The _______ is the part of the brain that controls voluntary movements, while the ______ helps regulate activities that we do not control, including breathing and heartbeat.
·
medulla oblongata; pons
·
cerebellum; cerebrum
·
cerebellum; medulla oblongataÂ
·
midbrain; hindbrain
CONCEPT
Hindbrain and Midbrain
20
Which of the following does the muscular system do?
·
Remove waste from the bloodstream
·
Protect the body from outside factors
·
Give the body its shape and structure
·
Help blood move through the body
CONCEPT
Muscular System
21
Before an oocyte leaves the ovary, it is surrounded by nourishing cells and is called what?
·
An oviduct
·
A follicle
·
A menarche
·
A zona pellucida
CONCEPT
Ovarian Cycle and Menstrual Cycle
22
At what level of protein structure do amino acid chains twist and fold?
·
Primary
·
Secondary
·
Quaternary
·
Tertiary
CONCEPT
Proteins
23
Which information about muscle cramps is true?
·
They are caused by a deficiency of calcium in the body.
They are voluntary contractions of muscles that release immediately.
·
They are caused by a deficiency of potassium in the body.
They are involuntary contractions of muscles that do not release immediately.
·
They are caused by a deficiency of calcium in the body.
They are involuntary contractions of muscles that do not release immediately.
·
They are caused by a deficiency of potassium in the body.
They are voluntary contractions of muscles that release immediately.
CONCEPT
Muscle System Disorders
24
Which type of lipid doesn't have glycerol?
·
Sterol
·
Triglyceride
·
Phospholipid
·
Saturated fat
CONCEPT
Lipids
25
Which part of the eye sends signals to the brain?
·
Fovea
·
Retina
·
Visual cortex
·
Optic nerve
CONCEPT
Vision
Â
Â
 1
Choose the correct order in which we experience taste/gustation.
·Pores of taste buds receive stimuli
·Taste receptors signal sensory neurons
·Taste buds are stimulated
·Sensory neurons send signal to the brain for interpretation
·
1. Taste buds are stimulated
2. Pores of taste buds receive stimuli
3. Taste receptors signal sensory neurons
4. Sensory neurons send signal to the brain for interpretation
·
1. Taste receptors signal sensory neurons
2. Taste buds are stimulated
3. Pores of taste buds receive stimuli
4. Sensory neurons send signal to the brain for interpretation
·
1. Pores of taste buds receive stimuli
2. Taste buds are stimulated
3. Taste receptors signal sensory neurons
4. Sensory neurons send signal to the brain for interpretation
·
1. Sensory neurons send signal to the brain for interpretation
2. Taste receptors signal sensory neurons
3. Pores of taste buds receive stimuli
4. Taste buds are stimulated
CONCEPT
Smell & Taste
2
What is the cerebral spinal fluid's primary role?
·
Preventing viruses, toxins and bacteria from entering the brain's blood supply
·
Keeping an adequate amount of blood flowing into the brain
·
Connecting the brain to the skull
·
Washing the brain of metabolic waste
CONCEPT
The Brain
3
Which area of the brain receives information collected from mechanoreceptors?
·
Medulla
·
Somatosensory cortex
·
Pons
·
Olfactory lobe
CONCEPT
Somatic Sense
4
Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder?
·
AIDS
·
Allergies
·
Anaphylactic shock
·
Lupus
CONCEPT
Immune System Disorders and HIV/AIDS
5
Which of the following statements is true?
·
Glycolysis has a net gain of two ATP.
·
Glycolysis requires oxygen to happen.
·
Glycolysis occurs within the rough ER.
·
Glycolysis breaks a molecule of glucose into two phospholipids.
CONCEPT
Glycolysis
6
Which statement best defines stem cells?
·
They are undifferentiated and can be found in undeveloped embryos and in mature bodies.Â
·
They serve specific purposes and are located only in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Â
·
They are located in the brain and detect changes in body position and acceleration.
·
They are located in blood vessels and detect ions or molecules dissolved in the bloodstream.Â
CONCEPT
Stem Cells
7
What best describes reproductive cloning?
·
When a cloned embryo can be developed into a fetus in a test tube
·
When a cloned embryo can be transferred into a woman’s uterus
·
When a cloned embryo can be used as a source of gametes
·
When a cloned embryo can be used to grow specific tissues
CONCEPT
DNA Technology and Research
8
Which statement is true?
Â
·
Prokaryotic cells don't have DNA.
·
All cells have DNA.
·
In eukaryotic cells, DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm.
·
Prokaryotic cells don't have a plasma membrane.
CONCEPT
Cell Theory
9
Select the true statement about anabolic steroids.Â
·
They are a protein naturally found in muscles that binds to oxygen from the blood, which working muscles need in order to function.
·
They are a synthetic substance manufactured to mimic human growth hormones that athletes sometimes use to promote bone growth.
·
They are a substance that occurs naturally in muscle tissue and are sometimes consumed as a supplement by weight trainers.
·
They are a synthetic substance manufactured to mimic testosterone that athletes sometimes use to build muscles.
CONCEPT
Muscle Building and Steroids
10
After fertilization, the newly formed zygote begins to divide into multiple cells through a process called __________.
·
Gastrulation
·
Cleavage
·
Morphogenesis
·
Blastomere
CONCEPT
Fertilization and Early Development
11
Rudolph the Reindeer has a red nose (n), which is a recessive trait. Betsy the Reindeer has a black nose (N), which is a dominant trait, and she does not carry the recessive allele. Assume the rules of human genetics also apply to reindeer.
If Rudolph and Betsy have a calf, what will its genotype be?
·
Either NN or Nn
·
NN
·
nn
·
Nn
CONCEPT
Punnett Squares
12
What is the outer part of the adrenal gland called?
·
Adrenal cortex
·
Adrenal body
·
Adrenal dermis
·
Adrenal medulla
CONCEPT
Adrenal Glands
13
If no embryo is implanted in the uterus, which two hormones' levels decrease in the body of an adult female?
·
Estrogen and progesterone
·
Estrogen and FSH
·
Progesterone and LH
·
FSH and LH
CONCEPT
Ovarian Cycle and Menstrual Cycle
14
Which of the following statements is true about recombinant DNA?
·
It utilizes bacterial plasmids.
·
It contains DNA from more than one species.
·
All of the answer choices are correct.
·
It is used in genetic engineering.
CONCEPT
DNA Technology and Research
15
Which of the following hormones is secreted by the thyroid gland?
·
Calcitonin
·
Epinephrine
·
Cortisol
·
Glucocorticoids
CONCEPT
Thyroid and Parathyroid
16
Some muscle groups work ________, meaning one muscle in the group opposes the action of the other.Â
·
antagonistically
·
aerobically
·
synergistically
·
anaerobically
CONCEPT
Types of Skeletal Muscle and Muscle Contraction Overview
17
Which node does a pacemaker assist?
·
It acts against both nodes
·
The AV node
·
The SA node
·
Both the SA and AV nodes
CONCEPT
Cardiac Cycle and Cardiac Conduction System
18
Which of the following sources of information is most credible?
·
An article in the science section of a local newspaper
·
An article in a popular magazine
·
An article in a peer-reviewed journal
·
An article written for the school paper by a science teacher
CONCEPT
Evaluate Information
19
Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?
·
Salivary amylase is an example of an enzyme that breaks down starch.
·
The chemical make-up of an enzyme changes with each time it is used.
·
Enzymes can either speed up or slow down chemical reactions in the body.
·
Enzymes convert products into substrates.
CONCEPT
Enzymes
20
What is "tidal volume?"
·
The amount of air in each breath
·
The amount of water the lungs can hold without failing
·
The minimum amount of oxygen that has to be present in the air
·
The amount of water the human body can hold
CONCEPT
Respiration and the Respiratory Cycle
21
What is true about the Krebs cycle?
·
During the Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide is released, which is exhaled when you breathe.
·
Two pyruvate molecules enter each turn of the cycle.
·
A two carbon molecule called NADH is produced in the preparatory steps of the Krebs cycle.
·
A single turn of the cycle yields two ATP molecules.
CONCEPT
Krebs Cycle
22
A person with blood type A can donate blood to individuals with which blood types?
·
A, O, AB
·
A, O
·
A, AB
·
A, B
CONCEPT
Blood Types
23
A rise in __________ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum allows actin to bind to myosin and cause a contraction, which requires __________ energy.
·
calcium; kinetic
·
calcium; ATP
·
oxygen; ATP
·
oxygen; kinetic
CONCEPT
Muscle Contractions: Micro Level
24
Which of these can be concluded from an 8-week-old embryo?
·
It is a female.
·
It has attached earlobes.
·
It is prone to obesity.
·
It has brown hair.
CONCEPT
Embryonic and Fetal Development
25
Which part of the digestive system primarily absorbs nutrients?
·
Stomach
·
Pharynx
·
Small intestine
·
Mouth
CONCEPT
Digestion
Â
1
Which of the following statements about the stomach is true?
·
The stomach receives chyme from the esophagus, which it turns into bolus before passing it on to the small intestine.
·
Pepsins are the digestive enzymes that enable the stomach to break down proteins.
·
Amylase is the pasty substance that's created when stomach enzymes and food mix together.
·
The stomach processes nutrients, absorbs water and removes any toxins created during chemical digestion.
CONCEPT
Stomach
2
Which of the following is associated directly with the endocrine system?
·
Phagocytes
·
Lymph nodes
·
Hormones
·
Skeletal muscle
CONCEPT
Endocrine System
3
Which division of the peripheral nervous system is associated with involuntary muscle action?
·
Parasympathetic
·
Somatic
·
Autonomic
·
Sympathetic
CONCEPT
Central And Peripheral Nervous System
4
This diagram shows the lymphatic system of a human.
Â
Which of these is true for the part labeled X?
·
It is a filtration site for lymph.
·
It is a maturation site for T lymphocytes.
·
It is a production site for antibodies.
·
It is a secretion site for lymph.
CONCEPT
Lymphatic System
5
Which of these occur once an infected cell is identified by cytotoxic T-cells?
·
The cell digests the pathogen.
·
The cell releases helper T-cells.
·
The cell undergoes apoptosis.
·
The cell starts to replicate.
CONCEPT
Cell-Mediated Response
6
Which organ processes and stores nutrients from the digestive system?
·
Liver
·
Gallbladder
·
Pancreas
·
All three
CONCEPT
Pancreas, Gallbladder, & Liver
7
Which of the following structures connects a developing child to the placenta?
·
Chorion
·
Amnion
·
Umbilical cord
·
Yolk sac
CONCEPT
Placenta
8
Which of the following is released by the brain when there is too little calcium in the blood?
·
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
·
Osteoblasts
·
Calcitonin
·
Osteoclasts
CONCEPT
Homeostasis and Bone Remodeling
9
Where is cytosol found?
·
Between the two layers of the plasma membrane
·
In the cytoplasm
·
Inside the nucleus
·
Surrounding the cell
CONCEPT
Cytoplasm
10
Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?
·
Any enzyme in your body is capable of taking part in any type of reaction.
·
Enzymes most often help to slow down reactions in the body.
·
An enzyme can act to either join substrates together or break them down.
·
The substrate will be physically different, but not chemically different after being acted upon by an enzyme.
CONCEPT
Enzymes
11
Which gland is called the "master gland?"
·
Thymus gland
·
Adrenal gland
·
Pituitary gland
·
Thyroid gland
CONCEPT
Organs of the Endocrine System
12
Dan is dehydrated.
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Which type of receptor alerts his brain of this?
·
Thermoreceptor
·
Osmoreceptor
·
Chemoreceptor
·
Mechanoreceptor
CONCEPT
Sensory Receptors
13
Which set of statements is true concerning the plasma membrane?
·
It is primarily composed of lipids and it keeps anything from entering or leaving the cell.
·
It is primarily composed of cellular fiber and it controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.
·
It is primarily composed of lipids and it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
·
It is primarily composed of proteins and nucleic acids, and it controls what enters and leaves the cell.
CONCEPT
Plasma Membrane
14
Which of these is responsible for the occurrence of disjunction?
·
Exchange of genetic material
·
Duplication of genetic material
·
Fusion of homologous chromosomes
·
Separation of homologous chromosomes
CONCEPT
Meiosis and Genetic Variability
15
Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true?
·
It is an anaerobic process.
·
Phosphorylation halts the process when ATP levels get too low.
·
It is the last stage of cellular respiration.
·
It utilizes a molecule of glucose to produce three ATP.
CONCEPT
Glycolysis
16
Anabolic steroids, a synthetic substance that athletes sometimes use to build muscles, mimic which hormone in the human body?
·
Creatine
·
Testosterone
·
Human growth hormone
·
Myosin
CONCEPT
Muscle Building and Steroids
17
When a skeletal muscle contracts, what term is used for the end of the muscle that is attached to a moveable bone?
·
Extensor
·
Tendon
·
Insertion
·
Origin
CONCEPT
Skeletal Muscles
18
In what specific part of the respiratory system does the exchange of gasses between the bloodstream and the air occur?
·
Trachea
·
Bronchi
·
Alveoli
·
Pharynx
CONCEPT
Lower Respiratory Tract
19
Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
·
Axon endings
·
Conducting zone
·
Dendrites
·
Trigger zone
CONCEPT
Neurons
20
Being left-handed (represented as l) is a recessive trait. Jim and Suzie are both left-handed.Â
If they have a child, which of the following could be his/her genotype?
·
ll
·
Either Ll or ll
·
LL
·
Ll
CONCEPT
Punnett Squares
21
Monoclonal antibodies and __________ can be used to treat certain types of cancers in a process known as immunotherapy.
·
Macrophages
·
Polyclonal antibodies
·
Leukocytes
·
Cytokines
CONCEPT
Organ Transplant and Immunotherapy
22
Which of the following statements is true?
·
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
·
Diffusion is the movement of molecules across a plasma membrane, regardless of concentration gradient.
·
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
·
Diffusion requires ATP to function.
CONCEPT
Diffusion
23
What has to occur for a person to inherit an autosomal recessive trait?
·
One parent must contribute a recessive allele while the other contributes a dominant allele.
·
One parent must contribute a recessive allele.
·
Both parents must contribute recessive alleles.
·
Both parents must contribute dominant alleles.
CONCEPT
Autosomal Recessive Traits and Disorders
24
Which statement best defines stem cells?
·
They serve specific purposes and are located only in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Â
·
They are located in blood vessels and detect ions or molecules dissolved in the bloodstream.Â
·
They are undifferentiated and can be found in undeveloped embryos and in mature bodies.Â
·
They are located in the brain and detect changes in body position and acceleration.
CONCEPT
Stem Cells
25
Which of the following statements about steroid hormones is true?
·
They are proteins that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
·
They are lipids that bind to receptors on the plasma membrane.
·
They are lipids that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
·
They are proteins that enter the cell and bind to receptors on the nucleus.
CONCEPT
Steroid and Non-Steroid Hormones
Â
Â
Â
 Which part of the large intestine is analogous to the urinary bladder?
·
Anus
·
·
Appendix
·
·
Rectum
·
·
Descending colon
·
Â
Â
 Which of the following best characterizes white skeletal muscles?Â
·
They require more energy and thus contain more mitochondria than red skeletal muscles.
·
·
They fatigue more quickly than red skeletal muscles.
·
·
They contain large amounts of myoglobin.
·
·
Most muscles in your body are white skeletal muscles.
·
What is chromatin?Â
·
A structure found within the nucleus that produces subunits of ribosomes
·
A cell organelle that houses the DNA and controls activity within the cell
·
A condensed form of DNA that occurs when the cell is dividing
·
A form of uncondensed DNA found within the nucleus of the cell
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