Challenge 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between philosophy and science?

·a.)

Philosophy speculates about things that science hasn't advanced far enough to discover yet.

·b.)

Philosophical truth is purely subjective whereas scientific truth is objective.

·c.)

Philosophy is concerned with how to understand and interpret scientific facts.

·d.)

Philosophy and science are two unrelated approaches to understanding truth.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between philosophy and science?

·a.)

Philosophy pursues truths that cannot be determined through empirical observation.

·b.)

Philosophy asks questions that are less important than those asked by science.

·c.)

Ideas that are tested and confirmed using the scientific method are more true than philosophical arguments.

·d.)

Philosophy relies on empirical investigation while science relies on conceptual investigation.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between philosophy and science?

·a.)

Empirical observation can answer most philosophical questions.

·b.)

Science tells us how to interpret and understand philosophical truths.

·c.)

Philosophy helps define concepts that are at the center of scientific study.

·d.)

Philosophy and science are two separate approaches to observing the world.

Which of the following is a philosophical question?

·a.)

How much freedom should individuals have?

·b.)

Why do leaves change color?

·c.)

Can lightning strike the same spot twice?

·d.)

Is capital punishment legal?

Which of the following is a philosophical question?

·a.)

Are there such things as black holes?

·b.)

What would life on other planets mean for us?

·c.)

Can sound travel through space?

·d.)

How many planets can support life?

Which of the following is a philosophical question?

·a.)

Can gazelles outrun lions?

·b.)

How do viruses reproduce?

·c.)

What is the square root of 25?

·d.)

Is it possible for a computer to have free will?

Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy?

·a.)

We learn to recognize and guard against bias.

·b.)

We learn how to feel better about ourselves.

·c.)

We discover new ideas that science isn't advanced enough to discover.

·d.)

We don't need to question our own opinions.

Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy?

·a.)

People can rationalize any kind of behavior they choose.

·b.)

People can easily and quickly classify all actions in a given situation as moral or immoral.

·c.)

People learn to justify their preconceived notions of right and wrong.

·d.)

People learn to ask questions about the foundations of moral judgments.

Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy?

·a.)

Consistency is maintained between actions and beliefs.

·b.)

The primary benefit is an increase in one's ability to justify previously held beliefs.

·c.)

Philosophy confirms scientific facts.

·d.)

Philosophy encourages bias, which helps all sides of an issue be heard.

Dan wants to know whether playing video games constitutes a sport. 

In order to approach the question philosophically, what should his first step be?

·a.)

Dan should look for arguments made by others about the nature of sports.

·b.)

Dan should ask, "What is a sport?"

·c.)

Dan should consider his own thoughts and look for arguments that affirm them.

·d.)

Dan should consider whether the argument that any kind of physical activity constitutes a sport is sound.

Amy wants to know if lying is ever morally acceptable. She reads the results of a web search on the question, "Can I lie to save my own life?" 

Which step of philosophical inquiry has Amy just done?

·a.)

Specify your question

·b.)

Identify positions on the question

·c.)

Evaluate positions

·d.)

Advance a thesis and justification

Which of the following actions represents the step, "Advance a Thesis"?

·a.)

A new study shows that more time spent studying generally results in better grades.

·b.)

A student asks her parents how to balance grades, sleep, and her social life in college.

·c.)

The university website says the most popular degree program at J. S. Milton University is electrical engineering.

·d.)

A principal says students should focus more on academics than extracurricular activities.

Which of the following is an argument?

·a.)

The Rolling Stones are the greatest rock band of all time. I own every single album they made.

·b.)

The football team brought in a new kicker in the last minute of the game. He made a 61-yard field goal to win the game for his team.

·c.)

Shakespeare wrote The Tempest. The Tempest was written by an Englishman in the 1600s. Therefore, Shakespeare was an Englishman in the 1600s.

·d.)

You should eat fruits and vegetables every day, but you should not eat too much fruit.

Which of the following is an argument?

·a.)

The West Wing is my favorite show. Martin Sheen's performance as the President of the United States is top-notch.

·b.)

If you want to live longer, then you should exercise.

·c.)

The Chicago Cubs finally won a World Series in 2016. Previously they hadn't won a World Series in over 100 years.

·d.)

Simon's restaurant receives the best reviews from local food critics. Therefore, Simon's restaurant is the best restaurant in the city.

Which of the following is an argument?

·a.)

If the candidate I don't support wins the election, then I'm moving to a different country.

·b.)

Given my brother's passion for the outdoors, he would make a good forest ranger.

·c.)

After the movie last night, we found a taco truck with the best tacos I've ever had.

·d.)

I am planning a trip to Budapest next summer. My daughter might come with me.

The following statements are all part of one argument. 

Which one is the conclusion?

·a.)

Anthony only misses work when he is sick.

·b.)

Anthony is sick.

·c.)

Anthony is not at work today.

·d.)

Anthony was coughing and sneezing yesterday.

Consider the following argument: (1) Since eating trans fat increases "bad" cholesterol, (2) and "bad" cholesterol is related to a number of heart problems, (3) eating trans fats is unhealthy. (4) Trans fats have no known health benefits.

Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion?

·a.)

1

·b.)

2

·c.)

3

·d.)

4

The following statements are all part of one argument. 

Which one is the conclusion?

·a.)

Jeremy is a jazz musician.

·b.)

Jazz musicians are all financially irresponsible.

·c.)

Most musicians are financially irresponsible.

·d.)

Jeremy is financially irresponsible.

Which of the following is a deductive argument?

·a.)

As far back as anyone can remember, my town's bird population has always flown south on September 3rd. This year, we can expect the birds to fly south on September 3rd.

·b.)

It usually takes two hours to drive from the nearest airport to my town. If I pick up my grandmother at the airport at 2 PM, we'll get back to my house right around 4 PM.

·c.)

There is no circumstance under which my town will ever cancel fireworks on the Fourth of July. So even if it's pouring rain, the fireworks will happen.

·d.)

My town's little league team has gone to the state tournament every year since I was born. It's therefore safe to say they'll go again this year.

Which of the following is a deductive argument?

·a.)

Aaron has been dating his girlfriend for several years. Aaron would like to get married. Aaron will propose soon.

·b.)

Richard works out three days a week. Everyone who works out multiple times a week is strong. Therefore, Richard is strong.

·c.)

Natalie treats all of her employees well. Every nice boss I've met had at least one really bad boss early in their career. It seems safe to say that Natalie had a really bad boss at some point, too.

·d.)

Chelsea owns a classic car. Most people who like classic cars have tattoos. So Chelsea has a tattoo.

Which of the following is an inductive argument?

·a.)

Lisa is an artist. Most artists are extremely talented. Therefore, Lisa is probably extremely talented.

·b.)

Grant is a grandfather. All grandfathers have cool stories to tell their grandchildren. Therefore, Grant has cool stories.

·c.)

Kelly works for the local newspaper. The management of the local newspaper treat all their employees well. Therefore, Kelly is treated well.

·d.)

Gary is a professor of classical languages. Professors of classical languages are colorful characters. Therefore, Gary is a colorful character.

Which of the following is a strong inductive argument?

·a.)

Every manager at my company is named either Carla or Frank. My sister Carla works at my company and is therefore a manager.

·b.)

Chloe is a Philadelphia Eagles fan. Some Eagles fans made the news for behaving poorly after the 2017 Super Bowl. Chloe must have also behaved poorly after the 2017 Super Bowl.

·c.)

Mike is a Minnesota Vikings fan. Vikings fans are used to disappointment. Therefore Mike is used to disappointment.

·d.)

Matt is into 1980s hip-hop. Run DMC is one of the most popular hip-hop groups from the 1980s. Therefore Matt is into Run DMC's music.

Everyone named Bethany has exquisite taste in furniture. My sister's name is Bethany. My sister therefore has exquisite taste in furniture.

Which type of argument is this?

·a.)

Strong inductive

·b.)

Invalid deductive

·c.)

Weak inductive

·d.)

Valid deductive

Amy works for a company called Dewey, Cheatum, and Livingston. Some of that company's employees are accountants. Amy is probably an accountant.

Which type of argument is this?

·a.)

Valid deductive

·b.)

Weak inductive

·c.)

Strong inductive

·d.)

Invalid deductive

An argument is valid, but one of its premises is false. 

Which of the following terms best describes the argument?

·a.)

Unsound

·b.)

Uncogent

·c.)

Sound

·d.)

Cogent

An argument is strong and the premises are all true. 

Which of the following terms best describes the argument?

·a.)

Sound

·b.)

Cogent

·c.)

Unsound

·d.)

Uncogent

An argument is weak, but the premises and conclusion are all true. 

Which of the following terms best describes the argument?

·a.)

Sound

·b.)

Uncogent

·c.)

Cogent

·d.)

Unsound

Challenge 3

Which of the following statements is true of ethics?

·a.)

Objectivity cannot be achieved in ethical thought.

·b.)

Professional and personal interactions depend on ethical behavior.

·c.)

The pursuit of ethics often leads to self-interested results.

·d.)

Ethical truths necessarily differ from person to person and culture to culture.

Which of the following statements is true of ethics?

·a.)

Ethics supplies evidence for philosophical inquiry.

·b.)

Ethics sets rules for rational thought.

·c.)

Ethics seeks to define the good and the bad.

·d.)

Ethics determines how we best learn.

Which of the following statements is true of ethics?

·a.)

The study of ethics combines psychology and philosophy.

·b.)

Ethics is about determining what is moral and what is immoral.

·c.)

Ethics seeks truths that must be determined by science.

·d.)

Ethics uses argument and logic to make judgments of people's beliefs.

Ethical topics are often closely related to issues of law, etiquette, or religion.

Which of the following is an issue of law?

·a.)

Timothy knows it's wrong to lie to his father.

·b.)

Ruth always capitalizes “He” when referring to God.

·c.)

Ellen wears a black dress to her friend’s funeral.

·d.)

Some states forbid the sale of alcohol on Sundays.

Ethical topics are often closely related to issues of law, etiquette, or religion.

Which of the following is an issue of law?

·a.)

Landlord Hank installs working smoke detectors in all of his properties.

·b.)

The Rivera family goes to church every Sunday.

·c.)

Marcus breaks up with his girlfriend via text message.

·d.)

Gene wears a yarmulke or skullcap in public.

Ethical topics are often closely related to issues of law, etiquette, or religion.

Which of the following is an issue of etiquette?

·a.)

Irving stops his car at the crosswalk to allow pedestrians to cross.

·b.)

My mother taught me to never take the Lord’s name in vain.

·c.)

I don't eat meat because I am against animal cruelty.

·d.)

It’s considered bad manners to burp at the dinner table.

Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person who won the lottery?

·a.)

Should I buy another ticket?

·b.)

Should I buy my dream home or my dream car first?

·c.)

Should I hire a lawyer to collect the winnings?

·d.)

Should I donate part of my winnings to charity?

Which of the following is an ethical consideration for an employee who uses the work printer for personal projects?

·a.)

Does management know about this behavior?

·b.)

Do other employees use the work printer for personal projects?

·c.)

Does management approve of this behavior?

·d.)

What do other employees think about this behavior?

Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person buying coffee?

·a.)

How long have the coffee beans been on the shelf?

·b.)

Am I out of coffee?

·c.)

Were the farmers fairly compensated?

·d.)

Is the coffee on sale?

Hank creates a concept map to compare how Kantian deontology and virtue-based ethics evaluate eating meat. 

This is an example of which branch of ethics?

·a.)

Applied ethics

·b.)

Normative ethics

·c.)

Descriptive ethics

·d.)

Metaethics

Which of the following statements is an example of descriptive ethics?

·a.)

Punching is acceptable behavior in a boxing match.

·b.)

Most people agree that bringing their pet bulls into china shops is morally wrong.

·c.)

One ethical theory cannot be objectively better than another.

·d.)

It is morally wrong to wear ugly Christmas sweaters in April.

Which of the following questions is an example of normative ethics?

·a.)

What obligation do children have to their aging parents?

·b.)

What percentage of Americans support a war with Canada?

·c.)

How can one thing be right and another wrong?

·d.)

How can philosophy make the world a better place?

Most academic institutions have severe penalties for students who attempt to pass off another's work as their own. 

Such academic dishonesty is thus generally considered to be a(n) __________ action.

·a.)

impermissible

·b.)

neutral

·c.)

supererogatory

·d.)

obligatory

Jason sees a neighbor collapse from a heart attack on her front lawn.

Which of the following decisions would likely constitute an obligatory action in that moment?

·a.)

Jason has his son call 911 while he begins CPR.

·b.)

Jason captures video of the incident, adds a laugh track, and sends it to his friends.

·c.)

Jason calls his realtor to discuss buying his neighbor's home.

·d.)

Jason minds his own business.

Dave and Margaret have hosted Thanksgiving dinner every year for two decades. Despite their family's protests, they've decided not to host this year. 

Their decision is likely an example of a(n) __________ action.

·a.)

obligatory

·b.)

supererogatory

·c.)

neutral

·d.)

impermissible

Which of the following statements reflects conventionalism?

·a.)

Getting intoxicated is okay for some people but not for others.

·b.)

Torture is acceptable because we've been doing it here for many years.

·c.)

Jaywalking is never morally acceptable.

·d.)

Stealing is always permissible.

Which of the following statements reflects relativism?

·a.)

Jesse thinks arson is never morally permissible.

·b.)

Jesse thinks children have a moral obligation to care for their aging parents.

·c.)

Jesse thinks that right is whatever a person feels comfortable doing.

·d.)

Jesse thinks there is an objective moral truth.

Which of the following statements reflects objectivism?

·a.)

Lorraine believes that jaywalking can be permissible if a person is in a hurry.

·b.)

Lorraine believes that it's permissible for her to cheat on tests, but she holds her classmates to a higher standard.

·c.)

Lorraine believes that right and wrong are determined by law and societal custom.

·d.)

Lorraine believes that murder is wrong, regardless of a person's culture.

SmartExpert

(118)

Status NEW Posted 13 Aug 2020 03:08 PM My Price 15.00

PHI----------- 20-----------00 -----------Int-----------rod-----------uct-----------ion----------- to----------- Et-----------hic-----------s U-----------nit----------- 1 -----------Cha-----------lle-----------nge-----------s S-----------oph-----------ia -----------Cou-----------rse-----------

Attachments

file 1597376082-Unit 1 Challenges.docx preview (2162 words )

C-----------hal-----------len-----------ge -----------1 -----------Whi-----------ch -----------of -----------the----------- fo-----------llo-----------win-----------g s-----------tat-----------eme-----------nts----------- be-----------st -----------des-----------cri-----------bes----------- th-----------e r-----------ela-----------tio-----------nsh-----------ip -----------bet-----------wee-----------n p-----------hil-----------oso-----------phy----------- an-----------d s-----------cie-----------nce-----------? -----------a.)----------- P-----------hil-----------oso-----------phy----------- sp-----------ecu-----------lat-----------es -----------abo-----------ut -----------thi-----------ngs----------- th-----------at -----------sci-----------enc-----------e h-----------asn-----------'t -----------adv-----------anc-----------ed -----------far----------- en-----------oug-----------h t-----------o d-----------isc-----------ove-----------r y-----------et.----------- b-----------.) ----------- Ph-----------ilo-----------sop-----------hic-----------al -----------tru-----------th -----------is -----------pur-----------ely----------- su-----------bje-----------cti-----------ve -----------whe-----------rea-----------s s-----------cie-----------nti-----------fic----------- tr-----------uth----------- is----------- ob-----------jec-----------tiv-----------e. ----------- c.-----------) -----------Phi-----------los-----------oph-----------y i-----------s c-----------onc-----------ern-----------ed -----------wit-----------h h-----------ow -----------to -----------und-----------ers-----------tan-----------d a-----------nd -----------int-----------erp-----------ret----------- sc-----------ien-----------tif-----------ic -----------fac-----------ts.----------- d-----------.) ----------- Ph-----------ilo-----------sop-----------hy -----------and----------- sc-----------ien-----------ce -----------are----------- tw-----------o u-----------nre-----------lat-----------ed -----------app-----------roa-----------che-----------s

(1)

• Buy Answer