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PHI 2000 Introduction to Ethics Unit 1 Milestone Sophia Course

PHI 2000 Introduction to Ethics Unit 1 Milestone Sophia Course

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Ingrid believes local businesses have obligations to their community.

Which branch of ethics does Ingrid's belief represent?

Descriptive ethics

Normative ethics

Metaethics

CONCEPT

Branches of Ethics

Which of the following is a deductive argument?

Traffic is very heavy today. When traffic is heavy, I take the bus to work. I will take the bus to work today.

It has snowed on my birthday every year since I was born. Therefore, it will snow on my birthday this year.

Every time I’ve visited the farmer’s market, I’ve found heirloom tomatoes. So, this week when I go to the farmer’s market, I will find heirloom tomatoes.

Helen was seen exiting the alley after a robbery had taken place. It follows that Helen committed the robbery.

CONCEPT

Deductive and Inductive Inference

Which of the following is an argument?

If I go to Washington D.C. next weekend, then I'll get you a souvenir.

I begin my day with a one-mile run, a shower, and a healthy breakfast.

Janet studies every day and takes notes in class. She will probably do well in the class for that reason.

Not getting enough sleep on a regular basis is a problem for many adults.

CONCEPT

Introduction to Arguments

Susan is studying the morality of taking terminally ill patients off life support. After thorough research and consideration of many different views, she argues that doctors have a moral obligation to use whatever means are available to preserve a patient's life.

Which step of philosophical inquiry has Susan done?

Advance a thesis and justification

Specify your question

Evaluate positions

Identify positions on the question

CONCEPT

The Philosophical Approach to Inquiry

Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person who's buying a new car?

Does a convertible make sense in my city's climate zone?

Will driving this car make people think I'm having a midlife crisis?

Can I afford a new car, or do I have to buy used?

Will this car keep my family and me safe on the road?

CONCEPT

Actions and Events

Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy?

Philosophy maintains society's collective memory.

Philosophy defends what is traditional in society.

Philosophy is useful as a tool to justify personal opinions.

Philosophy improves understanding of argumentation.

CONCEPT

Benefits of Philosophy and Ethics

Russ plays the bassoon. Most bassoon players can easily learn the saxophone. It's therefore likely that Russ could easily learn the saxophone.

Which type of argument is this?

Invalid deductive

Weak inductive

Valid deductive

Strong inductive

CONCEPT

Evaluating the Structure of an Argument

An argument is valid, and its premises are true.

Which of the following terms best describes the argument?

Unsound

Sound

Cogent

Uncogent

CONCEPT

Evaluating an Argument

Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette, and law with ethical topics.

Select the example related to law.

I am the only insured driver, so my daughter cannot drive the rental car.

We tipped the server 25% because he did an excellent job.

Nancy was baptized when she was a baby.

Jack allows a woman with children to board the airplane first.

CONCEPT

Ethical and Non-Ethical Topics

Which of the following is a philosophical question?

Will you continue with your college education?

What time does the movie start on Friday?

How many people are religious?

What is the best system of morality?

CONCEPT

Philosophical and Non-Philosophical Inquiry

Because she is a teacher who works with children, Yuki is required by law to report suspected abuse. One day a student says that his dad frequently hits him after having a drink. Despite the boy's insistence that it's a secret, Yuki informs the school office, which calls the authorities.

Yuki's decision constitutes a(n) __________ action.

obligatory

neutral

impermissible

supererogatory

CONCEPT

The Evaluation of Actions

Which of the following statements is true of ethics?

Right and wrong are purely subjective.

The goal of ethics is to search for truths in order to be a better person.

Ethics is only important in the workplace.

Ethics is about doing whatever it takes to get ahead.

CONCEPT

Introduction to Philosophical Ethics

Which of the following is the best definition for philosophy?

The pursuit of truths that cannot be determined empirically

A method of explaining the fundamental nature of existence

The study of using argumentation and logic to persuade others

A set of beliefs that is accepted as true without evidence

CONCEPT

Introduction to Philosophy

Which of the following statements reflects objectivism?

Stealing can be right or wrong depending on the individual.

The same ethical standards apply to all cultures.

Ethical truths can change as circumstances change.

It is not possible to generalize one universal standard for morality.

CONCEPT

Categorizing Ethical Theories

Consider the following argument:

(1) Mortgage rates are at an all time low. (2) It is therefore a good time to buy a home. (3) Also, property values have been increasing over the last five years, and (4) a number of new homes in my neighborhood are for sale.

Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion?

CONCEPT

Premises and Conclusions

The following statements are all part of one argument.

Which one is the conclusion?

Children who haven't seen their mothers in more than a week miss their mothers.

A month is longer than a week.

Jenny hasn't seen her mother in a month.

Jenny misses her mother.

CONCEPT

Premises and Conclusions

What is the goal of philosophy?

To pursue truth

To justify beliefs

To persuade others

To gain self-knowledge

CONCEPT

Introduction to Philosophy

Which of the following is a philosophical question?

How do we define what counts as art?

On average, how many babies are born a day?

Would you rather see a movie or a play?

What is the average top speed of a cheetah?

CONCEPT

Philosophical and Non-Philosophical Inquiry

Ingrid believes local businesses have obligations to their community.

Which branch of ethics does Ingrid's belief represent?

Descriptive ethics

Normative ethics

Metaethics

CONCEPT

Branches of Ethics

Which of the following statements is true of ethics?

Ethics is concerned with right and wrong.

Ethical behavior is restricted to professional contexts.

The good and the bad are always self-evident.

The goal of ethics is to justify your own behavior.

CONCEPT

Introduction to Philosophical Ethics

Which of the following is an inductive argument?

Mary is on vacation. If Mary is on vacation, then she will not be able to attend the baby shower today. Therefore, Mary will not be able to attend the baby shower today.

There are two cans of cat food in the cupboard beneath the kitchen sink. There are three cans of cat food in the cupboard next to the sink. There is no other cat food in the house. Therefore, there are five cans of cat food.

My new car has a built-in GPS. My friend’s new car has a built-in GPS, and so does my mom’s new car. It follows that all new cars have a built-in GPS.

Jane, David, and Luke are a small family. Jane has brown eyes. David and Luke have brown eyes, too. Thus, all members of the family have brown eyes.

CONCEPT

Deductive and Inductive Inference

Which of the following is a valid deductive argument?

For over five decades, fantasy fiction has been very popular. It will probably continue to be popular in the coming decade.

Smith is one of the most common last names in the United States. My friend Todd is a very common person. Therefore, Todd's last name is Smith.

All cyclists are health-conscious. Byron is health-conscious. Therefore, Byron is a cyclist.

Every time it snows, the roads need to be plowed. It is supposed to snow later today. Therefore, the roads will need to be plowed later today.

CONCEPT

Evaluating the Structure of an Argument

Which of the following is an argument?

Donuts are the best breakfast food. I had one this morning.

If you don't water your plants, they will wilt. If you water them, they will be healthy. If you fertilize them, they will be healthier.

I got eight hours of sleep and ate a healthy breakfast. Therefore, I am going to have a great day.

Every time your phone rings, your brain releases a chemical called dopamine.

CONCEPT

Introduction to Arguments

Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person who's buying a new car?

Will this car keep my family and me safe on the road?

Will driving this car make people think I'm having a midlife crisis?

Does a convertible make sense in my city's climate zone?

Can I afford a new car, or do I have to buy used?

CONCEPT

Actions and Events

Ricardo and Monica volunteered to serve food at their church picnic during the 8-10 AM shift. At the end of their shift, they noticed that the kitchen was still pretty busy, so they continued to help through the next shift.

Most people would likely say their decision is an example of a(n) __________ action.

obligatory

neutral

impermissible

supererogatory

CONCEPT

The Evaluation of Actions

Which step of philosophical inquiry has Susan done?

Specify your question

Identify positions on the question

Advance a thesis and justification

Evaluate positions

CONCEPT

The Philosophical Approach to Inquiry

Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette, and law with ethical topics.

Select the example related to law.

Beth approves of same-sex marriage, but her mother says it is a sin.

Don masks his income to avoid paying income taxes for twenty years.

Kendra neglects to RSVP to an invitation to a close friend’s small wedding.

Grandpa always chews with his mouth open at family gatherings.

CONCEPT

Ethical and Non-Ethical Topics

Which of the following is a benefit of philosophy?

Philosophy more easily explains social problems.

Philosophy harnesses passion to reveal truths.

Philosophy improves critical thinking skills.

Philosophy makes everyone's opinion equal.

CONCEPT

Benefits of Philosophy and Ethics

An argument is strong and the conclusion is true, but both premises are false.

Which of the following terms best describes the argument?

Cogent

Uncogent

Sound

Unsound

CONCEPT

Evaluating an Argument

Which of the following statements reflects subjectivism?

Dennis says that morality depends on the situation.

Dennis says that morality is a personal choice.

Dennis says that morality is universal.

Dennis says that morality is dictated by a person's culture.

Which of the following is an inductive argument?

My new cell phone charges to full capacity in 30 minutes. My best friend’s new cell phone does the same thing, and so does my sister’s. It follows that all new cell phones recharge in 30 minutes.

Michael and Laura and their two children make a family of four. Michael and Laura have blond hair. Their children have blond hair, too. Thus, all members of the family have blond hair.

Bruce is not feeling well. If Bruce is ill, he will not be able to attend classes today. Therefore, Bruce will not attend classes today.

There are seven employees that are on assignment today. There are two employees that are in the office. There are no other employees. Therefore, there are nine employees.

Which of the following is an argument?

There's not a cloud in the sky today, so you should wear sunscreen if you go outside.

If I don't go out tonight, I won't be crabby tomorrow.

My coworkers are all eating lunch. I'm not eating lunch, though.

Everyone should try learning an instrument at some point.

Which of the following considerations is relevant to a person whose elderly parents are sick but refuse to make an appointment at the doctor?

Does she have medical expertise?

Is it her place to make decisions for her parents?

Which days of the week are appointments available?

Who has treated their illnesses in the past?

Judy owns a bookstore/cafe that has always done pretty well. However, a new competitor recently opened a block away, and Judy's business has decreased.

Which of the following decisions would likely constitute an impermissible action on Judy's part?

Judy buys stock in the competitor's business until she's the majority shareholder.

Judy invents a distasteful rumor about her competitor and tells it to her customers.

Judy launches a marketing campaign focused on her business' benefit to the local community.

Judy writes a letter to her competitors asking why they opened their store so close to hers.

Kevin has thoroughly researched whether artificial intelligence can have free will.

In order to continue his philosophical inquiry, what should Kevin's next step be?

Kevin should reframe his question to be about whether humans have free will.

Kevin should choose a side and look for arguments that support it.

Kevin should choose a side based on how many arguments there are in favor of it.

Kevin should carefully consider each argument for or against artificial intelligence having free will.

Jerome conducts a survey to see how many of his neighbors believe they have a moral duty to report suspicious activity to the police. He finds that 8 in 10 believe they have such a duty.

Which branch of ethics do the results of Jerome's survey represent?

Metaethics

Normative ethics

Descriptive ethics

Consider the following argument:

(1) I should get a raise (2) because I complete all my projects prior to the deadline, (3) I arrive at work early and stay late, (4) and I always receive positive comments on my work.

Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion?

An argument is invalid, but the conclusion is true.

Which of the following terms best describes the argument?

Uncogent

Cogent

Sound

Unsound

Which of the following is a philosophical question?

Can one sport be objectively better than another?

What is the capital of the United States?

How many people live in poverty in the world?

When was the first World Series played?

Which of the following actions represents the step, "Identify positions on the question"?

A law student weighs arguments on the interpretation of a particular law against decisions from the Supreme Court.

An undergraduate argues that funding for school-sponsored clubs should be based on the number of active members.

A medical student asks a professor whether a certain drug is effective against the flu.

A graduate student spends several hours in the library reading books on a particular ethical issue.

Which of the following statements is true of ethics?

Objectivity is vital to ethical thought.

Ethical principles are just personal opinions.

Ethics is not subject to the same level of rigor as other philosophical pursuits.

Ethical behavior has little to do with interpersonal interaction.

Which of the following statements about philosophy is true?

Philosophy is a way to answer questions about the physical universe without observation.

Philosophy is quite interesting, despite having little or no application in other fields.

Philosophy is concerned with seeking and recognizing knowledge.

Philosophy is obsolete due to advances in scientific inquiry.

Which of the following statements is an example of metaethics?

Killing whales is always wrong, no matter the reasoning.

Boy Scouts have a moral obligation to help the elderly cross the street.

Kantian deontology is the correct ethical theory.

Most people believe in some form of utilitarianism.

Which of the following is a key benefit of philosophy?

Philosophy teaches us about other cultures.

Philosophy identifies ways we can improve relationships.

Philosophy helps us understand how people behave.

Philosophy allows us to construct logical arguments.

Which of the following considerations is ethically relevant to a person who's been asked for money on the street?

Have I given money to beggars before?

What is the beggar's race?

Do I have cash on me right now?

Is giving money the best way to help?

Many people confuse topics of religion, social etiquette, and law with ethical topics.

Select the example related to social etiquette.

Nathan talks loudly on his cell phone while standing in line at the store.

Tara installs a wheelchair ramp at her business to meet government regulations.

Anthony follows the flow of traffic, even if he is exceeding the speed limit.

Marcy disapproves of working on Sundays because she was taught it was a day of rest.

Which of the following is a weak inductive argument?

Krista's favorite composer is Tchaikovsky. Jason also likes Tchaikovsky. Jason and Krista probably have a lot in common.

Most nurses are good people. Andrew is a nurse. Andrew is probably a good person.

Things that are blue are sad. The sky is blue, so it must be sad.

People who like wine think they're a big deal. Aaron thinks he's a big deal, so he must like wine.

Consider the following argument:

Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion?

Consider the following argument:

(1) I should get a raise (2) because I complete all my projects prior to the deadline, (3) I arrive at work early and stay late, (4) and I always receive positive comments on my work.

Which of the four numbered statements is the conclusion?

An argument is valid, and its premises are true.

Which of the following terms best describes the argument?

Sound

Cogent

Unsound

Uncogent

Answers

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Status NEW Posted 14 Aug 2020 03:08 AM My Price 30.00

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file 1597376705-Milestone 1.docx preview (2688 words )

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