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PHI 2000 Introduction to Ethics Unit 4 Milestone Sophia Course
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1
"Capital punishment is morally wrong because killing people is always wrong, no matter what."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Kantian deontology
·
Divine command theory
·
Conventionalism
CONCEPT
Case Study: Capital Punishment
2
Which of the following critiques represents a challenge to virtue-based ethics?
·
Some things seem like virtues, but are actually just feelings.
·
There are no norms for guiding the interactions between separate cultures.
·
Self-improvement needs more emphasis.
·
Consequences of actions get too much attention, and intent doesn't get enough.
CONCEPT
Problems with Virtue-Based Ethics
3
Marcus hurries past a mugging because he doesn't want to get involved.
How might a virtue-based ethicist classify this action?
·
Supererogatory
·
Neutral
·
Obligatory
·
Impermissible
CONCEPT
Commitments of Virtue-Based Ethics
4
Ellie believes that every person should show compassion at all times.
Which of the following actions is inconsistent with her belief?
·
Ellie organizes a new charity that helps the needy develop skills and find jobs.
·
Ellie spends four hours every month at a nursing home with people whose children don't visit.
·
Ellie calls the police on a homeless person who's sleeping too close to her storefront.
·
Ellie works as a public defender so that she can have a positive impact on the lives of people who get into trouble.
CONCEPT
Establishing a Consistent Value System
5
Choose the true statement about virtue-based ethics.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, rules are used to evaluate actions.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, character is more important than actions.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, right and wrong are assessed using culture as a guide.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, the consequences of actions are very important.
CONCEPT
Virtue-Based Ethics
6
Which of the following people would be most satisfied with virtue-based ethics?
·
Abner is looking for an ethical system that is about more than just doing good.
·
Adelaide is looking for an ethical system that evaluates actions based on their effects.
·
Andrew is looking for an ethical system that puts his own development first.
·
Abby is looking for an ethical system that is based in cultural norms.
CONCEPT
Support for Virtue-Based Ethics
7
"Abortion is acceptable if the woman doesn't want to be a mother."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Utilitarianism
·
Conventionalism
·
Kantian deontology
·
Egoism
CONCEPT
Case Study: Abortion
8
Tom passed the same homeless person each day as he walked to work. The homeless person never asked for money, but one day Tom stops and hands the man a $10 bill.
According to virtue-based ethics, Tom’s action is unethical if he __________.
·
gives the man money out of a sense of superiority
·
feels satisfied that he has done a good deed
·
values the man’s life more than he values his own
·
tells the man how to spend the money
CONCEPT
Apply Virtue-Based Ethics
9
Marcy and Wayne watched from a window as a car without a handicap parking sticker parked in the reserved spot in front of their office building. A woman jumped out and ran into the building.
“I’m going to report that to the front desk,” announced Marcy indignantly.
“Relax,” said Wayne. “If she’s fast and doesn’t get caught, what’s the harm?”
Wayne is most likely a __________.
·
character ethicist
·
deontologist
·
consequentialist
·
divine command theorist
CONCEPT
Sources of Value in Ethical Decisions
10
Select the statement that reveals personal interest as a source of bias in ethical evaluation.
·
The clothing that Middle Eastern women wear is oppressive because it is different from Western clothing.
·
I think anyone should get a tattoo if they want to because many of my family members have tattoos.
·
Same-sex marriage makes me uncomfortable because I do not know any same-sex couples.
·
I call myself a liberal, but I vote for a conservative candidate when his or her policies will benefit me financially.
CONCEPT
Sources of Bias in Ethical Decisions
11
The ethical position that evaluates the morality of an action solely on the results of that action is __________.
·
deontology
·
character ethics
·
divine command theory
·
consequentialism
CONCEPT
Different Considerations for Evaluating Actions
12
Which action, while seemingly good, may reveal a vice rather than a virtue?
·
Glenn shows up for work every day, even when he's had trouble sleeping the night before.
·
Sasha cooperates with a colleague she does not like to complete an important project.
·
Carol gives a homeless man $10 to move away from her office building.
·
Abraham does not like classical music, but he still takes his mother to the symphony.
CONCEPT
Advantages and Shortcomings of Virtue-Based Ethics
13
"Giving away excess wealth is obligatory because it brings about a greater good for all of society."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Divine command theory
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Conventionalism
·
Utilitarianism
CONCEPT
Case Study: Wealth Distribution
14
Which of the following statements displays the speaker's unfair bias?
·
"I'm voting for Measure 5642 because it will create new jobs."
·
"I'm voting for Measure 5642 because it will balance the city's budget."
·
"I'm voting for Measure 5642 because it will improve our schools."
·
"I'm voting for Measure 5642 because it will give my family a tax break."
CONCEPT
The Effect of Bias in Moral Decision Making
15
"Eating pork is morally wrong because the Torah forbids it."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Kantian deontology
·
Conventionalism
·
Divine command theory
1
Which of the following critiques represents a challenge to virtue-based ethics?
·
Everyone isn't governed by the same moral norms.
·
Two people might disagree on whether something is a virtue.
·
Not enough attention is given to self-improvement.
·
An agent's ignorance makes it too easy to get away with bad results.
CONCEPT
Problems with Virtue-Based Ethics
2
Which of the following people would be most satisfied with virtue-based ethics?
·
Benedict is looking for an ethical system that evaluates actions primarily by the agent's intent.
·
Brittney is looking for an ethical system that evaluates actions based on the good they bring about.
·
Bette is looking for an ethical system that values fostering personal improvement.
·
Bruce is looking for an ethical system that focuses on what's best for him alone.
CONCEPT
Support for Virtue-Based Ethics
3
"Abortion is acceptable if the woman doesn't want to be a mother."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Egoism
·
Kantian deontology
·
Utilitarianism
·
Conventionalism
CONCEPT
Case Study: Abortion
4
Choose the statement that exemplifies consequentialism.
·
Lying is impermissible because society demands honesty.
·
Lying is impermissible because it is intrinsically wrong.
·
Lying is impermissible because it causes others to mistrust you.
·
Lying is impermissible because it reveals a dishonest nature.
CONCEPT
Sources of Value in Ethical Decisions
5
Ogo always gets pepperoni and black olives on his pizza.
How might a virtue-based ethicist classify this action?
·
Supererogatory
·
Impermissible
·
Obligatory
·
Neutral
CONCEPT
Commitments of Virtue-Based Ethics
6
Which of the following best defines virtue-based ethics?
·
An ethical theory that asserts that self-oriented interests motivate human actions
·
An ethical theory that determines moral value by weighing the consequences of actions
·
An ethical theory that emphasizes the role of character rather than actions
·
An ethical theory that deems that an action is morally right if the action results in happiness
CONCEPT
Virtue-Based Ethics
7
Ellie believes that every person should show compassion at all times.
Which of the following actions is inconsistent with her belief?
·
Ellie works as a public defender so that she can have a positive impact on the lives of people who get into trouble.
·
Ellie organizes a new charity that helps the needy develop skills and find jobs.
·
Ellie calls the police on a homeless person who's sleeping too close to her storefront.
·
Ellie spends four hours every month at a nursing home with people whose children don't visit.
CONCEPT
Establishing a Consistent Value System
8
"Eating pork is morally wrong because the Torah forbids it."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Divine command theory
·
Conventionalism
·
Kantian deontology
·
Virtue-based ethics
CONCEPT
Case Study: Animal Rights
9
Select the basis for moral value used by character ethics.
·
The inherent value of an action based upon intent
·
The individual trait being demonstrated by an action
·
The adherence of an action to divine authority
·
The ultimate effects of an action
CONCEPT
Different Considerations for Evaluating Actions
10
Which of the following statements displays the speaker's unfair bias?
·
"I gave Timmy extra credit because he's my favorite student."
·
"I gave Timmy extra credit because he did an additional project."
·
"I gave Timmy extra credit because he works harder than his classmates."
·
"I gave Timmy extra credit because he went above and beyond on the assignment."
CONCEPT
The Effect of Bias in Moral Decision Making
11
"Capital punishment is morally wrong because it turns all the state's citizens into killers."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Kantian deontology
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Utilitarianism
·
Conventionalism
CONCEPT
Case Study: Capital Punishment
12
Which action demonstrates a shortcoming of virtue-based ethics?
·
Donating to a charity out of a sense of superiority and ego
·
Lying so that a coworker will lose his job
·
Refusing to engage in gossip out of a sense of respect for others’ privacy
·
Participating in an anti-war protest due to personal convictions about the morality of war
CONCEPT
Advantages and Shortcomings of Virtue-Based Ethics
13
"I always say everyone shouldn't be afraid to try new things. On a recent trip to Spain, I ate all my meals at my favorite place— McDonald's."
Which of the following sources of bias is apparent in this quotation?
·
Self-interest
·
Upbringing
·
Religion
·
Familiarity
CONCEPT
Sources of Bias in Ethical Decisions
14
Norma gives her elderly mother a ride to the grocery store once a week when she does her own grocery shopping. On a form at work, she lists this as a community service and hides the fact that it's her own mother she's helping because she knows her boss values volunteerism and actively encourages all employees to contribute to the community. When her boss praises her for her commitment to community service, Norma feels pleased and optimistic that she will soon get a raise.\
According to virtue-based ethics, why is Norma's action unethical?
·
Lying is always wrong.
·
She is prioritizing monetary gain over honesty.
·
She is not cultivating any virtues by helping her mother.
·
She is acting out of a sense of compassion and goodwill.
CONCEPT
Apply Virtue-Based Ethics
15
"Giving away excess wealth is obligatory because it brings about a greater good for all of society."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Utilitarianism
·
Conventionalism
·
Divine command theory
CONCEPT
Case Study: Wealth Distribution
1
Stephanie volunteers at an organization that collects and distributes clothing to those in need.
As she is packing boxes to send overseas, she finds a donated item of clothing that perfectly suits her sense of style and would be a versatile item to add to her own wardrobe. Stephanie sets the item aside to take home with her.
According to virtue-based ethics, why is Stephanie's action unethical?
·
Her action will deprive needy recipients of clothing.
·
Her action cultivates the vice of greed.
·
She is not following the instructions she was given.
·
Stealing is always wrong.
CONCEPT
Apply Virtue-Based Ethics
2
Ogo always gets pepperoni and black olives on his pizza.
How might a virtue-based ethicist classify this action?
·
Obligatory
·
Supererogatory
·
Neutral
·
Impermissible
CONCEPT
Commitments of Virtue-Based Ethics
3
Which of the following people would be most satisfied with virtue-based ethics?
·
Abby is looking for an ethical system that is based in cultural norms.
·
Andrew is looking for an ethical system that puts his own development first.
·
Abner is looking for an ethical system that is about more than just doing good.
·
Adelaide is looking for an ethical system that evaluates actions based on their effects.
CONCEPT
Support for Virtue-Based Ethics
4
Choose the true statement about virtue-based ethics.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, rules are used to evaluate actions.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, the consequences of actions are very important.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, right and wrong are assessed using culture as a guide.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, character is more important than actions.
CONCEPT
Virtue-Based Ethics
5
Which of the following statements displays the speaker's unfair bias?
·
"I'm voting for Measure 5642 because it will balance the city's budget."
·
"I'm voting for Measure 5642 because it will give my family a tax break."
·
"I'm voting for Measure 5642 because it will create new jobs."
·
"I'm voting for Measure 5642 because it will improve our schools."
CONCEPT
The Effect of Bias in Moral Decision Making
6
"I always say everyone shouldn't be afraid to try new things. On a recent trip to Spain, I ate all my meals at my favorite place— McDonald's."
Which of the following sources of bias is apparent in this quotation?
·
Self-interest
·
Familiarity
·
Religion
·
Upbringing
CONCEPT
Sources of Bias in Ethical Decisions
7
Which of the following critiques represents a challenge to virtue-based ethics?
·
There are no norms for guiding the interactions between separate cultures.
·
Some things seem like virtues, but are actually just feelings.
·
Self-improvement needs more emphasis.
·
Consequences of actions get too much attention, and intent doesn't get enough.
CONCEPT
Problems with Virtue-Based Ethics
8
Marcy and Wayne watched from a window as a car without a handicap parking sticker parked in the reserved spot in front of their office building. A woman jumped out and ran into the building.
“I’m going to report that to the front desk,” announced Marcy indignantly.
“Relax,” said Wayne. “If she’s fast and doesn’t get caught, what’s the harm?”
Wayne is most likely a __________.
·
divine command theorist
·
consequentialist
·
deontologist
·
character ethicist
CONCEPT
Sources of Value in Ethical Decisions
9
Which action, while seemingly good, may reveal a vice rather than a virtue?
·
Sasha cooperates with a colleague she does not like to complete an important project.
·
Glenn shows up for work every day, even when he's had trouble sleeping the night before.
·
Carol gives a homeless man $10 to move away from her office building.
·
Abraham does not like classical music, but he still takes his mother to the symphony.
CONCEPT
Advantages and Shortcomings of Virtue-Based Ethics
10
"Capital punishment is morally wrong because killing people is always wrong, no matter what."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Divine command theory
·
Conventionalism
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Kantian deontology
CONCEPT
Case Study: Capital Punishment
11
Francis believes that every person should have ambition.
Which of the following actions is inconsistent with his belief?
·
Francis commits to learning a new skill every year.
·
Francis is content to keep his dead-end job.
·
Francis dresses for the job he wants rather than the one he has.
·
Francis starts a new company with two friends.
CONCEPT
Establishing a Consistent Value System
12
"Giving away excess wealth is obligatory because it brings about a greater good for all of society."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Divine command theory
·
Utilitarianism
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Conventionalism
CONCEPT
Case Study: Wealth Distribution
13
"Abortion is morally acceptable if it is legal here."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Conventionalism
·
Kantian deontology
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Utilitarianism
CONCEPT
Case Study: Abortion
14
The ethical position that evaluates the morality of an action solely on the results of that action is __________.
·
deontology
·
divine command theory
·
character ethics
·
consequentialism
CONCEPT
Different Considerations for Evaluating Actions
15
"In some places, certain animals are considered divine and have more rights than humans."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Utilitarianism
·
Kantian deontology
·
Conventionalism
·
Virtue-based ethics
CONCEPT
Case Study: Animal Rights
Natalie helps her brother move into his new home.
How might a virtue-based ethicist classify this action?
·
Obligatory
·
Neutral
·
Supererogatory
·
Impermissible
Which of the following ethical theories defines actions as right or wrong in and of themselves?
·
Consequentialism
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Deontology
·
Conventionalism
"Treating animals inhumanely is morally wrong because it shows insensitivity on the part of the farmer."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Utilitarianism
·
Kantian deontology
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Egoism
Select the statement that reveals upbringing as a source of bias in ethical evaluation.
·
I ride the packed subway in New York City all the time, but it seems rude to me when I see people in Japan crowd onto full trains.
·
I call myself a conservative, but I vote for liberal candidates when their policies benefit me financially.
·
I never talk back to the teacher because, as a child, my parents taught me to respect educators.
·
I scold a student for allowing his parents to help with an assignment, but I help my own child when I believe the work is too hard for her.
"Forced redistribution of wealth is morally wrong because it is a form of stealing, and stealing is always wrong."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Utilitarianism
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Kantian deontology
·
Conventionalism
Derreck believes that every person should keep his or her word.
Which of the following actions is inconsistent with his belief?
·
Derreck had promised his wife a trip to Hawaii for their anniversary, so he puts aside money every month to make it happen.
·
Derreck had promised his friends he would be their designated driver, so he goes out with them and does not drink.
·
Derreck had promised his daughter a puppy if she got straight As, but he makes up a new condition after the fact so he doesn't have to fulfill the promise.
·
Derreck had promised his boss that a project would be done by the weekend, so he stays late on Friday to make sure everything is complete.
"People who are generous help those in need however they can."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Kantian deontology
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Egoism
·
Conventionalism
Which of the following critiques represents a challenge to virtue-based ethics?
·
Mass chaos would ensue since everyone only cares about him or herself.
·
Some virtues that are lacking can be hard to develop.
·
The agent's moral character isn't properly emphasized.
·
Effects the agent couldn't have anticipated impact his or her guilt.
Choose the true statement about virtue-based ethics.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, only the actor’s intent is considered when assigning moral value.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, actions are judged against the greater good.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, people can be judged by the consequences of their actions.
·
According to the principles of virtue-based ethics, actions are less important than the agent's moral character.
"Abortion is morally wrong because it is murder, and murder is forbidden in the Bible."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Conventionalism
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
Divine command theory
·
Kantian deontology
Which of the following statements displays the speaker's unfair bias?
·
"We're accepting Kim to our college because her goals align with our school's values."
·
"We're accepting Kim to our college because her parents are big donors."
·
"We're accepting Kim to our college because she has a 4.0 GPA."
·
"We're accepting Kim to our college because her extracurricular involvements are impressive."
Which of the following people would be most satisfied with virtue-based ethics?
·
Wycliffe is looking for an ethical framework that evaluates actions based solely on intent.
·
Winifred is looking for an ethical system that is based in the Ten Commandments.
·
Walt is looking for an ethical system that respects cultural differences.
·
Wendy is looking for an ethical framework that allows her to focus on what kind of person she is.
In a famous story, Robin Hood robbed rich travelers and gave the money he acquired to the poor. Robin Hood is usually seen as a good, if not noble, person.
How would a deontologist evaluate Robin Hood’s action?
·
It is not ethical because stealing is always wrong, no matter the circumstances.
·
It is ethical because Robin Hood made more people happy than he made unhappy.
·
It is ethical because the rich had more than enough money, and the poor did not have enough.
·
It is not ethical because Robin Hood was an arrogant coward who stole from innocent people.
"Capital punishment is morally acceptable if it prevents more people from being murdered."
To which theory of ethics is the person who made this statement likely appealing?
·
Utilitarianism
·
·
Virtue-based ethics
·
·
Egoism
·
·
Kantian deontology
·