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IT 1500 Unit 1 Milestone Introduction to Information Technology Sophia Course
1
When she downloads new software onto her smartphone, Talia must ensure the software is compatible with her smartphone's __________.
·
productivity software
·
application software
·
utility software
·
operating system
RATIONALE
When she downloads new software, Talia must ensure that it is compatible with her smartphone's operating system.
CONCEPT
Computer Software
2
Select the true statement about the motherboard.
·
It provides much of the electrical connection between different computer parts.
·
It acts as a storage point for read-only memory (ROM).
·
It executes the commands sent to it by the application software.
·
It acts as the working memory of the computer by transferring data from the hard disk for processing.
RATIONALE
A motherboard is a printed circuit board that contains the principal components of a computer or other device. It includes connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted. A motherboard provides much of the bus of the computer, and is the main circuit board where the memory, storage, and CPU connect.
CONCEPT
Internal Computer Hardware
3
Select the image of the motherboard.
1
RATIONALE
A motherboard is a printed circuit board that contains the principal components of a computer or other device. It includes connectors, into which other circuit boards can be slotted.
CONCEPT
Internal Computer Hardware
4
Which of the following components is used for data storage?
·
DVD
·
Keyboard
·
CPU
·
Monitor
RATIONALE
A DVD is an optical disc that is used for data storage.
A keyboard is an input device. A monitor is an output device. The CPU is used to process data.
CONCEPT
Computer Components and Roles
5
Which of the following statements about the relationship between hardware and software is FALSE?
·
Application software, which does something useful, is a main category of software.
·
Hardware will not function without software, and software will not run without the appropriate hardware.
·
Application software runs independently of any hardware.
·
Computer software drives computer hardware by providing the instructions that tell the hardware what to do.
RATIONALE
It is not true that application software runs independently from hardware. Hardware and software cannot function without each other. Without software, computer hardware is useless. Conversely, computer software cannot be used without supporting hardware.
CONCEPT
The Relationship Between Hardware and Software
6
Melanie wants to copy a home movie to a storage device that will enable her to play it on her television.
The best storage device for Melanie is a(n) __________.
·
CPU
·
internal hard drive
·
sound card
·
CD/DVD-ROM drive
RATIONALE
The sound card and CPU are not storage devices. An internal hard drive might store Melanie's home video footage, but may not allow her to view it on her television without other equipment.
The best storage device for Melanie is a CD/DVD-ROM drive.
CONCEPT
Computer Components and Roles
7
The invention of the integrated circuit was the first major advance in computing. The integrated circuit made it possible for all of a computer's electrical components to reside on one silicon chip.
This invention became known as the __________.
·
mainframe computer
·
microprocessor
·
personal computer
·
client-server configuration
RATIONALE
This invention is known as the microprocessor. Microprocessors perform arithmetic and logic operations that use small, number-holding areas called registers. Typical microprocessor operations include addition, subtraction, comparison of two numbers, and retrieval and movement of numbers from one area to another.
CONCEPT
History of Computers
8
Which of the following is NOT an example of computer software?
·
Windows Media Player
·
Firefox
·
OS X
·
ROM
RATIONALE
Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of nonvolatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. ROM is not software.
CONCEPT
Computer Software
9
Ashlee recently traveled with friends during spring break. She used her cellular Android device to change the settings on her home security system. When she finished, she began to play a game, using an e-reader equipped with a touch screen.
Which device did Ashlee NOT use in this scenario?
·
An integrated computer system
·
A tablet
·
A smartphone
·
A laptop
RATIONALE
Ashley used a cellular Android device (smartphone), an easy chair to play a game (integrated computer systems) and an e-reader with a touch screen (tablet). Ashley did not use a laptop.
CONCEPT
Types of Computers
10
Which external hardware component is shown in the given image?
·
Keyboard
·
Mouse
·
Touchpad
·
CD/DVD drive
RATIONALE
The image depicts a keyboard from a laptop computer. Keyboards are peripheral devices that enable users to input text and numbers to a computer system.
CONCEPT
External Computer Hardware
11
Criselda is a computer operator. When she turns on her computer, it loads information from the hard disk into the computer's __________.
·
SSD
·
ROM
·
CPU
·
RAM
RATIONALE
When Criselda turns on her computer, it loads information from the hard disk into the computer's random access memory (RAM). RAM is a type of data storage that holds frequently-used program instructions (including operating systems) to increase the overall system speed.
CONCEPT
The Primary Functions of a Computer
12
When Fabio scans a document into his computer, internal hardware inside the computer converts the data and displays it on a device for him to see.
This process describes the interaction between the __________ and __________.
·
USB port, scanner
·
CPU, motherboard
·
GPU, monitor
·
NIC, touchscreen
RATIONALE
The graphics processing unit, or GPU, generates the image(s) on the monitor. The monitor is a device that displays video, images, and text. The GPU is the internal hardware that converts the data for display. When it has done so, the data is displayed on the monitor for Fabio to see.
CONCEPT
Computer Components and Roles
13
Approximately how much storage is needed to save a single digital picture in a 4-megapixel resolution?
·
1 kilobyte
·
1 gigabyte
·
1 byte
·
1 megabyte
RATIONALE
The amount of storage space needed to save a single digital picture in a 4-megapixel resolution is 1 megabyte.
CONCEPT
Data Storage
14
Jessica is a freelance writer who only uses a computer when she works in her home office. She typically writes for four to six hours a day.
Select the best computer for Jessica.
·
A laptop computer that connects to “the cloud”
·
A portable tablet computer
·
A desktop computer with a large screen
·
A laptop computer with multimedia content
RATIONALE
Jessica can use a desktop computer because she does not need mobility. She also needs a large screen because she works for long periods of time.
CONCEPT
Selecting a Computer
15
Select the true statement about a printer.
·
It is an input device that captures an image and converts it into digital information.
·
It is an input device that moves a pointer on screen and provides buttons for users to click.
·
It is an output device that generates a hard copy of work created on a computer.
·
It is an output device that displays video, images, or text on a screen.
RATIONALE
All of the answer choices describe peripheral devices, which can be categorized as output, input, or storage. A printer is an output device that generates a hard copy (e.g., printed paper) of work that has been created on a computer.
CONCEPT
External Computer Hardware
16
Select the file size that is the LARGEST.
·
5 MB
·
1,000,000 KB
·
4 TB
·
3,000 GB
RATIONALE
If we consider the units only, from largest to smallest, the order is TB, GB, MB, KB. However, we must also consider the number of units. We can rewrite each example in the same unit and order, as follows:
3,000 GB = 3,000 GB
4 TB = 4,000 GB
1,000,000 KB = 1 GB
5 MB = 0.005 GB
The largest file size is 4 TB.
CONCEPT
Unit Prefixes
17
A series of steps undertaken to reach a goal is known as which of the following?
·
Data management
·
A process
·
Hardware
·
Software
RATIONALE
A series of steps undertaken to reach a goal is known as a process.
CONCEPT
Information Systems
1
When she downloads new software onto her smartphone, Talia must ensure the software is compatible with her smartphone's __________.
·
operating system
·
utility software
·
application software
·
productivity software
RATIONALE
When she downloads new software, Talia must ensure that it is compatible with her smartphone's operating system.
CONCEPT
Computer Software
2
Select the true statement about a mouse.
·
It is an input device that converts images or text into digital information.
·
It is an input device that enables users to point-and-click to make selections, and to start applications or open files.
·
It is an input device that enables users to use a finger to move an on-screen pointer.
·
It is an input device that enables users to enter text or number sequences into a computer.
RATIONALE
All of the answer choices describe peripheral input devices. A mouse is the most common pointing device. It is moved across a flat surface to position an on-screen pointer to make selections, and to open programs or files.
CONCEPT
External Computer Hardware
3
Select the image of the motherboard.
RATIONALE
A motherboard is a printed circuit board that contains the principal components of a computer or other device. It includes connectors, into which other circuit boards can be slotted.
CONCEPT
Internal Computer Hardware
4
Approximately how much storage is needed to save a single digital picture in a 4-megapixel resolution?
·
1 megabyte
·
1 byte
·
1 gigabyte
·
1 kilobyte
RATIONALE
The amount of storage space needed to save a single digital picture in a 4-megapixel resolution is 1 megabyte.
CONCEPT
Data Storage
5
Joan presses a button on her pointing device to select an icon to connect to the Internet.
This process describes the interaction between the __________ and __________.
·
touchpad, hard drive
·
mouse, flash drive
·
touchpad, visual card
·
mouse, ethernet card
RATIONALE
This process describes the interaction between the mouse and a network interface card. By moving the mouse across a flat surface, Joan is able to click on the icon. The network interface card (NIC), also known as the ethernet card, enables Joan's computer to connect to the Internet.
CONCEPT
Computer Components and Roles
6
Bethany sends a text message to her boyfriend while listening to music.
Which device is Bethany most likely using in this scenario?
·
A tablet
·
A smartphone
·
A laptop computer
·
A desktop computer
RATIONALE
Bethany is using a smartphone, which provides functions including text messaging, phone calls, and Internet browsing.
CONCEPT
Types of Computers
7
Which of the following components is used for data storage?
·
Keyboard
·
Monitor
·
CPU
·
DVD
RATIONALE
A DVD is an optical disc that is used for data storage.
A keyboard is an input device. A monitor is an output device. The CPU is used to process data.
CONCEPT
Computer Components and Roles
8
Which external hardware component is circled in the given image?
·
Eject button
·
Vent
·
Monitor
·
Port
RATIONALE
The circle surrounds a vent on a laptop computer. Computers generate heat, and vents provide an external area for the heat to dissipate.
CONCEPT
External Computer Hardware
9
Which of the following statements about the relationship between hardware and software is true?
·
Software and hardware can act independently of each other.
·
A flash drive is an example of software.
·
Hardware can be present in intangible form.
·
Software consists of instructions that tell the hardware what to do.
RATIONALE
It is true that software consists of instructions that tell hardware what to do. Software controls and commands hardware.
The other statements are false. Software and hardware cannot function without each other. Without software, computer hardware is useless. Conversely, software cannot be used without supporting hardware. Hardware is the physical, tangible components of a computer; software comprises the intangible components. A flash drive is an example of computer hardware.
CONCEPT
The Relationship Between Hardware and Software
10
Which of the following is an example of computer software?
·
An antivirus program
·
A smartphone
·
A memory storage device
·
An audio/sound card
RATIONALE
Computer software is intangible. Unlike computer hardware, It cannot be touched.
An antivirus program is an example of computer software because it is a set of written instructions for computer hardware. Memory storage devices, sound cards, and smartphones are not examples of software. They are examples of tangible computer hardware.
CONCEPT
Computer Software
11
Suzi is a writer who is using her keyboard to type a story. When she saves her work, her computer issues a command and returns the results, which she checks to ensure that her work has been saved properly.
The __________ in Suzi's computer is responsible for the operation sent to it by the software.
·
keyboard
·
CPU
·
RAM
·
ROM
RATIONALE
When Suzi clicks to save her work, this command is sent to the computer's central processing unit (CPU). The CPU manages the operations or instructions it receives from software programs. Random-access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) indicate the locations where the data is stored in the computer, but do not manage instructions sent to them by software.
CONCEPT
The Primary Functions of a Computer
12
When Todd turns on his computer, data is loaded into a primary storage device known as __________.
·
a hard disk
·
RAM
·
the CPU
·
an optical disk
RATIONALE
When Todd turns on his computer, data is loaded into a primary storage device known as random access memory (RAM). RAM is a form of computer data storage that holds frequently-used program instructions (including operating systems) to increase overall system speed.
CONCEPT
Computer Components and Roles
13
Amanda likes to play computer games online with many other people while she travels.
Select the best computer for Amanda.
·
A laptop computer with a fast processor and graphics accelerator
·
A laptop computer with a small screen and limited memory
·
A desktop computer with a fast processor and graphics accelerator
·
A desktop computer with a large screen and large amounts of storage
RATIONALE
Because Amanda travels a lot, she needs a portable computer, such as laptop. Amanda's computer must have a fast processor and a graphics accelerator, since online games are often graphics-intensive and require high processor performance.
CONCEPT
Selecting a Computer
14
ENIAC, which stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, is an example of a __________ computer.
·
microprocessor
·
mini
·
personal
·
mainframe
RATIONALE
ENIAC is an example of a mainframe computer. Mainframes are computers that are primarily used by large organizations for critical applications and bulk data processing.
CONCEPT
History of Computers
15
Select the file size that is the SMALLEST.
·
90,000 KB
·
3 TB
·
2 MB
·
6,000 GB
RATIONALE
If we consider the units only, the order (smallest to largest) is KB, MB, GB, and TB. However, we must also consider the number of units. We can rewrite each example in the same unit and order, as follows:
2 MB = 0.002 GB
90,000 KB = 0.09 GB
3 TB = 3,000 GB
6,000 GB = 6,000 GB
The smallest file size is 2 MB.
CONCEPT
Unit Prefixes
16
Select the true statement about the CPU.
·
It executes commands sent by program software.
·
It permits the exchange of electrical signals between computer components.
·
It transfers data from the hard disk for processing.
·
It provides a central connection for computer components.
RATIONALE
The central processing unit (CPU) is considered to be the brain of the computer. The CPU carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the arithmetic, logical, control, and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions, and returning the results.
CONCEPT
Internal Computer Hardware
17
Information systems consist of five components: hardware, software, data, process, and __________.
·
data management
·
monitors
·
peripherals
·
people
RATIONALE
Cristina sends a brief email message to wish her aunt a happy birthday.
How much storage space is necessary for Cristina’s email?
·
1 gigabyte
·
1 kilobyte
·
1 byte
·
1 megabyte
Using his smartphone, Jeremy taps his finger to select a song to listen to on his headphones.
This process describes the interaction between the __________ and __________.
·
touchscreen, visual card
·
touchscreen, sound card
·
visual card, sound card
·
visual card, motherboard
Select the example of computer software.
·
A hard drive
·
An email application
·
A graphics accelerator
·
Read-only memory
Kate saves her work on a secondary storage device that is fairly new, and uses flash technology instead of disks.
Kate is using a(n) __________ drive.
·
hard disk
·
CD/DVD-ROM
·
optical disk
·
SSD
A series of steps undertaken to reach a goal is known as which of the following?
·
Data management
·
Hardware
·
Software
·
A process
Using his tablet device, Greg types a review of a computer game store for an online site.
Greg is using __________ software.
·
productivity
·
operating system
·
utility
·
application
Using his tablet device, Greg types a review of a computer game store for an online site.
Greg is using __________ software.
·
productivity
·
operating system
·
utility
·
application
Which of the following components is used for data processing?
·
Solid-state drive (SSD)
·
Network interface card (NIC)
·
Scanner
·
USB flash drive