Introduction to Sociology Unit 2 Sociology Challenges

Click below link for Answers   

                                             Unit no #2

                                              Challenge no #1

Sawa, a Japanese immigrant, lived in America for a time. She was confused and sometimes frustrated by how selfishly Americans behaved.

 

Sawa's feelings about the behavior of Americans are an example of which of the following?

·a.)

Culture shock

·b.)

Culture

·c.)

Cultural lag

·d.)

Socialization

Which of the following is an example of technology?

·a.)

All of the answer choices are correct.

·b.)

Knitting needles

·c.)

An oven

·d.)

A computer

Which of the following best describes society?

·a.)

The social rules that govern a group of people, and that are enforced by the group

·b.)

A group of people who live in a specific geographic area and share a culture

·c.)

The relationship between different generations

·d.)

The process of sharing beliefs, knowledge, and an understanding of the world

 

Select the true statement about symbols.

·a.)

Powerful symbols, like a country's flag, mean the same thing to everyone.

·b.)

The meanings of symbols don't change.

·c.)

A symbol often has multiple layers of meaning.

 

 

Which of the following is a symbol?

·a.)

A stop sign

·b.)

The United States

·c.)

All of the answer choices are correct.

·d.)

The word "culture"

Which of the following would be a means of cultural transmission?

·a.)

Reading Moby Dick, a novel by Herman Melville

·b.)

All of the answer choices are correct.

·c.)

Visiting Gettysburg National Military Park and walking the Civil War battleground

·d.)

Grandparents having conversations with their grandchildren

When you get into an elevator with strangers, it is polite (and expected) to face forward and look at the door. 

This is an example of __________.

·a.)

a proscriptive norm

·b.)

a prescriptive norm

·c.)

a more

·d.)

an obligation

In most societies, moral sanctions prohibit sexual relationships with children.

 

These moral sanctions are an example of a __________.

·a.)

culture shock

·b.)

folkway

·c.)

prescriptive norm

·d.)

taboo

Which of the following best describes folkways?

·a.)

Informal rules that govern behavior for a specific geographic area

·b.)

Norms that are widely known, but have no consequences for violating them

·c.)

Behaviors that are viewed as inappropriate by society

Many Americans believe that everyone has the same chances, and that we must all follow the same rules. 

This belief illustrates which of Robin Williams Jr.'s foundational American values?

·a.)

Equal opportunity

·b.)

Practicality and efficiency

·c.)

Achievement and personal success

·d.)

Freedom

In the U.S., millions of dollars are spent every year on medical research and testing. Many Americans believe that medicine and research are essential to progress.

 

This aspect of the American viewpoint illustrates which of the following values?

·a.)

Science, rationality, and progress

·b.)

Material comfort

·c.)

Activity and work

·d.)

Practicality and efficiency

Gary is not very ambitious. He spends most of his time playing video games or watching videos on YouTube. He doesn't want to look for work. 

Gary may not be respected in American society because he is violating which of the following values?

·a.)

Activity and work

·b.)

Science, rationality, and progress

·c.)

Practicality and efficiency

·d.)

Material comfort

Which of the following statements best describes how Lenski theorized the relationship between technology and society?

·a.)

Technology causes warfare within society.

·b.)

The form that society takes determines the level of technology.

·c.)

The level of technology determines the form that society takes, and drives social change.

·d.)

Society could not exist without technology.

Which of the following is a correct pairing?

·a.)

Post-Industrial society

Animal-driven power and the use of animals in agriculture

·b.)

Agricultural society

Minimal technology and a nomadic search for meat and vegetables

·c.)

Hunting and gathering society

Domesticated plants and animals

·d.)

Industrial society

Machine technology and advanced energy sources, including coal and steam

In which of the following types of society did humans learn to domesticate plants and animals, leading to population growth and societal diversification?

·a.)

Hunting and gathering society

·b.)

Post-industrial society

·c.)

Horticultural and pastoral society

·d.)

Agricultural society

Which of the following is a correct pairing?

·a.)

Cultural lag

The idea that culture is systemic and integrated

·b.)

Cultural integration

The idea that culture is systemic and integrated

·c.)

Cultural lag

The idea that people progress at different rates, and some fall behind others in their development

Which of the following is NOT an example of technology?

·a.)

Airplanes

·b.)

Computers

·c.)

Politics

·d.)

Hammers and nails

Capitalism underlies Western culture. Many of our values (e.g. individualism) and behaviors (e.g. consumerism) result from the capitalist economic system. 

Because capitalism influences many other aspects of Western culture, it is an example of __________.

·a.)

technology

·b.)

cultural lag

·c.)

cultural integration

·d.)

cultural universals

Which of the following statements correctly describes how sociobiologists view the relationship between biology and culture?

·a.)

Cultural universal principles drive biological universal principles.

·b.)

Cultural universal principles are not related to biological universal principles.

·c.)

There are no such things as cultural or biological universal principles.

·d.)

Biological universal principles drive cultural universal principles.

According to sociobiologists, why do men and women use different reproductive strategies?

·a.)

Our culture wants men and women to use different strategies.

·b.)

Women have a finite number of eggs, and much care is needed to produce a baby from an egg; men continually produce new sperm cells throughout their sexual maturity.

·c.)

Men have a finite number of sperm cells, and much care is needed to produce a baby from a sperm cell; women continually produce new egg cells throughout their sexual maturity. 

·d.)

None of the answer choices are correct.

Which of the following is a correct pairing?

·a.)

Men

One caring sexual partner as a reproductive strategy

·b.)

Charles Darwin

Developed theory of sociobiology

·c.)

Charles Darwin

Developed theory of natural selection

·d.)

Women

Multiple loosely-attached partners as a reproductive strategy

                             Challenge no # 2

The current cultural patterns that are taking place are called __________ culture.

·a.)

sociobiological

·b.)

real

·c.)

evolved

·d.)

ideal

Select the true statement about the difference between real culture and ideal culture.

·a.)

Real culture consists of the positive images that a society has of itself; ideal culture consists of the cultural patterns that a society actually practices and displays.

·b.)

Ideal culture consists of the ideas, values, and beliefs (i.e. nonmaterial culture) held by members of a culture; real culture consists of physical cultural objects (i.e. material culture).

·c.)

Ideal culture consists of the positive images that a society has of itself; real culture consists of the cultural patterns that a society displays and practices.

·d.)

Ideal culture consists of the laws and government of a culture; real culture consists of cultural practices (e.g. eating turkey on Thanksgiving).

In the United States, the practice of marriage as a permanent bond and commitment that will never be broken is an example of which of the following?

·a.)

Both real and ideal culture

·b.)

Neither real nor ideal culture

·c.)

Real culture

·d.)

Ideal culture

Which of the following is a correct pairing?

·a.)

Counterculture

Socialists

·b.)

Counterculture 

Football fans

·c.)

Counterculture

Co-op shoppers

·d.)

Counterculture

Pet owners 

Which of the following is an example of a counterculture?

·a.)

Hipsters who live in Chicago

·b.)

Avid cyclists 

·c.)

White supremacists 

·d.)

Musicians

Members of the Tea Party in the United States are opposed to what they view as wasteful government spending. They have organized a movement to shrink the government and reduce spending.

 

The Tea Party is an example of __________.

·a.)

a real culture

·b.)

an ideal culture

·c.)

a society

·d.)

a counterculture

Which of the following statements describes high culture?

·a.)

The culture of the lower class 

·b.)

The culture of the upper class and society's elite

·c.)

The culture of the middle class

·d.)

The culture of the majority of society

Select the correct pairing of a musical genre and the cultural level with which it is commonly associated.

·a.)

High culture

R&B, bluegrass, and hip hop music

·b.)

Popular culture

Jazz, classical, and rock music

·c.)

High culture

Jazz and classical music

Which of the following is NOT an example of popular culture?

·a.)

NASCAR racing

·b.)

Performance theater

·c.)

Blockbuster superhero movies

·d.)

Pop music and Top 40 radio

Langston embarks on a trip around the world. He is surprised to learn that all of the cultures he encounters have rituals connected to the burial of the dead. 

Funeral rites are an example of which of the following?

·a.)

An ethnocentric perspective

·b.)

Ethnocentrism

·c.)

 A cultural universal

·d.)

A cultural relativist perspective

Which of the following is a correct pairing?

·a.)

All of the answer choices are correct.

·b.)

Ethnocentrism

Belief by members of a culture that their culture is correct and right

·c.)

Cultural universal

Cultural pattern found in all areas of the world

·d.)

Cultural relativism

Belief that cultures must be understood on their own terms, from within

The belief of members of a culture that their culture is superior to others, and that its values, beliefs, and behaviors are "more correct" is called __________.

·a.)

ethnocentrism

·b.)

cultural universalism

·c.)

cultural relativism

Which of the following is NOT a part of the criminal justice system?

·a.)

Laws

·b.)

Police

·c.)

Courts

·d.)

Politicians

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of due process?

·a.)

Plea bargaining

·b.)

Retribution

·c.)

Being read your rights

·d.)

A jury trial

Kristina has continuous encounters with the legal system because she is addicted to heroin. Instead of sending her to prison, a judge sentences Kristina to a live-in treatment program.

 

Kristina's sentence is an example of which of the following functions of punishment?

·a.)

Retribution

·b.)

Retaliation

·c.)

Deterrence

·d.)

Rehabilitation

Steven, Tammy, and Josh are three friends who use drugs in their home.

 

Considered on its own (i.e. not as it may relate to other crimes), this drug use is an example of which of the following types of crime?

·a.)

Victimless crime

·b.)

Crime against property

·c.)

Crime against the person

Matt argues with another man and a fight ensues. As a result, the other man is hospitalized.

 

Matt committed which of the following types of crime?

·a.)

Crime against the person

·b.)

Crime against property

·c.)

Victimless crime

When Sally comes out of her house, she finds that her car has been stolen.

 

This is an example of which of the following types of crime?

·a.)

Crime against property

·b.)

Crime against the person

·c.)

Victimless crime

Uri has illicit passports from 10 different countries. He recently made $100,000 by helping rebel groups in Sudan purchase AK-47 assault rifles.

 

Uri committed which of the following types of crime?

·a.)

Corporate crime

·b.)

White collar crime

·c.)

Organized crime

Patrick is a brilliant mathematician who works as a hedge fund manager at his own firm. He devises a scheme in which he collects money from investors and keeps most of it for himself without the investors realizing what he is doing.

 

Patrick is committing which of the following types of crime?

·a.)

Corporate crime

·b.)

Organized crime

·c.)

White collar crime

Monsanto is developing genetically modified corn. During the development process, an environmentally dangerous byproduct is produced when fertilizers are tested on the corn.

 

Which of the following is an example of a community-based correction?

·a.)

Death penalty

·b.)

Retribution

·c.)

Shock probation

·d.)

Plea bargaining

Which of the following is true about the death penalty in modern society?

·a.)

The death penalty is applied everywhere in the United States.

·b.)

The death penalty has been proven to prevent crime.

·c.)

The death penalty is society's most successful crime deterrent.

·d.)

The death penalty is unevenly applied to criminals from different backgrounds.

 

Which of the following is a correct pairing?

·a.)

Parole

Life in prison

·b.)

Criminal recidivism

A first offense by a criminal

·c.)

Societal protection

The social mechanism that protects society from criminals

·d.)

Societal protection

Government regulations

In American society, abortion is constantly debated. People argue about whether or not abortion should be labeled as deviant. 

These debates are an example of how deviance __________.

·a.)

promotes social change

·b.)

defines moral boundaries

·c.)

unifies society

Which of the following is a correct pairing?

·a.)

Kai Erikson

Four functions of deviance

·b.)

Emile Durkheim

Study of the Massachusetts Bay Puritans

·c.)

None of the answer choices are correct.

·d.)

Kai Erikson

Study of the Massachusetts Bay Puritans

After the 9/11 attacks, Americans united against what they saw as a common enemy. This sentiment included domestic support for the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

 

When Americans banded together, their response illustrated which of the following functions of deviance?

·a.)

Deviance defines moral boundaries.

·b.)

Deviance unifies society.

·c.)

Deviance clarifies cultural values.

The concept stating that deviance is a result of cultural pressure to meet goals with limited means is called __________.

·a.)

strain theory

·b.)

insubordination

·c.)

rebellion

·d.)

conflict theory

Mark has always been able to get what he wants. He has advantages that others do not have. Mark does not engage in deviant behavior and observes the rules and norms of society.

 

Mark's behavior illustrates which of the following?

·a.)

Ritualism

·b.)

Retreatism

·c.)

Innovation

·d.)

Conformity

A group of people start a movement to overthrow capitalist society. They do so because they feel that they can never escape oppression and succeed under the capitalist system.

 

The group's actions illustrate which of the following responses to strain?

·a.)

Rebellion

·b.)

Retreatism

·c.)

Innovation

·d.)

Ritualism

Which of the following is a correct pairing?

·a.)

Alexander Liazos

Structural functional theory

·b.)

Alexander Liazos

Symbolic interaction theory

·c.)

Karl Marx

Alexander Liazos

·d.)

Alexander Liazos

Conflict theory

Which of the following is true of Alexander Liazos and his work?

·a.)

Liazos applied social conflict theory to the study of deviance.

·b.)

Liazos argued that deviance is the result of broken homes.

·c.)

Liazos felt that homeless people are deviant because they are naturally bad people.

Why are radicals - people who challenge the status quo and advocate for change - often seen as deviant by society?

·a.)

Powerful people establish ruling ideas that are in their interest, and people who oppose those ideas are seen as deviant.

·b.)

Radicals are naturally deviant people.

·c.)

Radicals often use physical force and violence.

After tragedies, such as a mass shooting, society often reviews the offender's personal history to understand his or her deviance. 

This is called __________.

·a.)

projective labeling

·b.)

stereotyping

·c.)

stigmatization

·d.)

retrospective labeling

James is addicted to cocaine. He is trying to end his drug dependence, but is frustrated because he feels that his family and friends only see his addiction, not his efforts to get clean. 

The label of "drug addict" __________.

·a.)

is a projective label

·b.)

is a retrospective label

·c.)

carries a stigma

·d.)

is part of the medical treatment of deviance

A public response to a mass shooting, in which people examine the offender's past and characterize him or her as a result, falls under which of the following theories of deviance?

·a.)

Differential association theory

·b.)

Labeling theory

·c.)

Control theory

·d.)

Strain theory

Which sociologist proposed the idea that there are four mechanisms of control theory?

·a.)

Kai Erikson

·b.)

Robert K. Merton

·c.)

Travis Hirschi

Eve is a high school student who participates in cheerleading, debate club, and swimming. She also volunteers at a local animal shelter on the weekends. Eve's commitments keep her busy and out of trouble.

 

Which of the following forces of control best explains why Eve does not get into trouble?

·a.)

Opportunity

·b.)

Attachment

·c.)

Belief

·d.)

Involvement

Charles and a friend joke about robbing the grocery store around the corner. Finally, Charles says, "Why not? Let's do it. It's not like I have anything else going for me. I've got nothing to lose."

 

Charles' comments indicate that he feels he is lacking __________ as a force of control.

·a.)

attachment

·b.)

belief

·c.)

opportunity

·d.)

involvement

Which of the following scenarios illustrates differential association theory in action?

·a.)

After overcoming alcoholism, Drew becomes a devoutly religious man. He relies on his church group for support and social activity, which keep him away from alcohol.

·b.)

All of the answer choices are correct.

·c.)

While being questioned by the police about his involvement in a robbery, Brett insisted that he didn't know why he participated. He said that he was with his friends, and the next thing he knew, they were committing the robbery.

·d.)

James starts skipping classes when he begins to hang out with a new group of friends because he is eager to gain the group's acceptance.

Aaron and Beth are freshmen at the same high school. Aaron starts drinking and smoking marijuana with his friends, but Beth does not.

 

How would a differential association theorist interpret these results?

·a.)

Aaron's peer group has a negative influence on him, and the groups to which Beth belongs influence her more positively.

·b.)

Aaron is a boy, and boys are naturally more deviant.

·c.)

Aaron is curious and wants to see what alcohol and drugs are like.

·d.)

Beth is more intelligent than Aaron, so she knows how to stay out of trouble.

 

Which sociologist and criminologist theorized differential association?

·a.)

Travis Hirschi

·b.)

Erving Goffman

·c.)

Edwin Sutherland

Which of the following is a hate crime?

·a.)

A white man who hates Muslims attacks a mosque.

·b.)

A group of straight men attack a gay man for his sexual orientation.

·c.)

All of the answer choices are correct.

·d.)

A black man who is tired of years of inequality attacks a white man.

Which of the following is related to feminist theory?

·a.)

The argument that women are superior to men, and are therefore never deviant.

·b.)

The argument that a woman's past actions will determine her future behavior

·c.)

The argument that men are at a greater risk for deviance than women

·d.)

The argument that gender influences how society defines deviance

Why doesn't strain theory adequately address female deviance?

·a.)

Because strain theory is not concerned with female deviance

·b.)

Because strain theory doesn't consider the strain resulting from gender inequality 

·c.)

Because strain theory argues that men are always more deviant than women

 

SmartExpert

(118)

Status NEW Posted 16 Aug 2020 08:08 PM My Price 15.00

Int-----------rod-----------uct-----------ion----------- to----------- So-----------cio-----------log-----------y U-----------nit----------- 2 -----------Soc-----------iol-----------ogy----------- Ch-----------all-----------eng-----------es-----------

Attachments

file 1597611159-Unit 2 Sociology Challenges.docx preview (2516 words )

----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- U-----------nit----------- no----------- #2----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------Cha-----------lle-----------nge----------- no----------- #1----------- S-----------awa-----------, a----------- Ja-----------pan-----------ese----------- im-----------mig-----------ran-----------t, -----------liv-----------ed -----------in -----------Ame-----------ric-----------a f-----------or -----------a t-----------ime-----------. S-----------he -----------was----------- co-----------nfu-----------sed----------- an-----------d s-----------ome-----------tim-----------es -----------fru-----------str-----------ate-----------d b-----------y h-----------ow -----------sel-----------fis-----------hly----------- Am-----------eri-----------can-----------s b-----------eha-----------ved-----------.Sa-----------wa'-----------s f-----------eel-----------ing-----------s a-----------bou-----------t t-----------he -----------beh-----------avi-----------or -----------of -----------Ame-----------ric-----------ans----------- ar-----------e a-----------n e-----------xam-----------ple----------- of----------- wh-----------ich----------- of----------- th-----------e f-----------oll-----------owi-----------ng?----------- a-----------.) ----------- Cu-----------ltu-----------re -----------sho-----------ck ----------- b.-----------) -----------Cul-----------tur-----------e -----------c.)----------- C-----------ult-----------ura-----------l l-----------ag ----------- d.-----------) -----------Soc-----------ial-----------iza-----------tio-----------n -----------Whi-----------ch -----------of -----------the----------- fo-----------llo-----------win-----------g i-----------s

Not Rated(0)

• Buy Answer