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When the Supreme Court hears a case, it decides upon one of four different courses of action. Which of the following is NOT one of the courses of action given in your textbook?
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modifying the verdict or decision of the lower court, without totally reversing it
reverting its powers as a court of last resort to the court of original jurisdiction
reversing the verdict or decision of the lower court, requiring no further court action
reversing the verdict or decision of the lower court and remanding the case to the court of original jurisdiction, for either retrial or resentencing
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A(n) ________ sentence has a fixed minimum and maximum term of incarceration rather than a set period.
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determinate
presumptive
indeterminate
flat-time
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The Supreme Court has ruled that anyone arrested without a warrant may be held no longer than ________ before a judge decides whether the arrest was justified.
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24 hours
48 hours
72 hours
96 hours
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Your textbook gives four examples of the claims that a convicted offender can make at allocution. Which of the following is NOT one of these claims?
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that his or her civil rights are being violated by the sentence
that he or she has gone insane since the verdict was rendered
that he or she is not the person who was found guilty at trial
that she is pregnant
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According to your textbook, restorative justice has four goals. Which of the following is NOT one of those goals?
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to meet victims’ needs
to restore the health of the community
to punish the offender for the harm done
to require the offender to contribute to repairing the harm done
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Unlike inquisitorial trial systems, adversarial trial systems
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allow victims to be parties to the proceedings.
fully disclose the defense’s case prior to trial.
consist of lay juries.
allow hearsay evidence.
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Which of the following is a right granted to crime victims in at least some jurisdictions?
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the right to be treated with fairness, dignity, and respect
the right to confer with the prosecutor
the right to notice of the offender’s release
All of the answers are correct.
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Prosecutors are supposed to charge an offender with a crime and prosecute the case if, after full investigation, three conditions are met. Which of the following is NOT one of these three conditions?
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A perpetrator can be identified.
The defense cannot provide an alibi or prove extenuating circumstance.
There is sufficient evidence to support a guilty verdict.
They find that a crime has been committed.
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Before the Supreme Court’s 1991 decision, ________ was considered irrelevant and potentially inflammatory and was not allowed.
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hearsay evidence
DNA evidence
the victim-impact statement
allocution
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Which of the following is a possible outcome in state court criminal trials that end in hung juries?
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dismissal
guilty plea
another jury trial
All of the answers are correct.
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Your textbook identifies three basic types of plea bargaining. Which of the following is NOT one of these?
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Before sentencing, a defendant may plead for the mercy of the court.
A defendant may plead guilty to one charge in return for the prosecutor’s promise to drop other charges that could be brought.
At the request of the prosecutor, a defendant who pleads guilty may receive a lighter sentence than would typically be given for the crime.
A defendant may be allowed to plead guilty to a lesser offense.
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State and federal legislative bodies enact ________ that specify appropriate punishments for each statutory offense or class of offense.
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indeterminate sentences
forms of restitution
rules of procedure
penal codes
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In the context of the selection of judges, identify a true statement about merit selection.
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It involves the president appointing judges.
It is sometimes referred to as the “Mississippi Plan.”
It does not entirely eliminate political influence from the selection process.
It does not include citizens in its nominating commission.
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Trial courts of ________ jurisdiction are referred to generally as inferior “trial courts” or simply as “lower courts.”
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special
general
personal
limited
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Which of the following was the first type of “problem-solving” court?
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drug court
mental health court
child-support court
domestic-violence court
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Which of the following is a problem with victims’ rights laws and their implementation?
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Victims’ rights vary greatly among states and at the federal level.
Victims’ rights are often ignored, suffer from arbitrary implementation, or depend on the whims of criminal justice officials.
Victims from other cultures and those with disabilities frequently are not informed of their rights.
All of the answers are correct.
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In ________, the legislature determines a sentence range for each crime, which is usually based on the seriousness of the crime and the criminal history of the offender.
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determinate sentencing
presumptive sentencing
indeterminate sentencing
flat-time sentencing
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In the context of sentencing, judges are limited by the U.S. Constitution’s ________ prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments and statutory provisions.
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Fifth Amendment
Sixth Amendment
Eighth Amendment
Tenth Amendment
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According to your textbook, one problem with restitution is that most offenders:
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consider restitution to be unfair and refuse to provide it.
provide restitution, but usually the wrong kind.
arrange for others to assume the burden of restitution for them.
have neither the financial means nor the abilities to provide adequate restitution.
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Holding suspects or defendants in jail without giving them an opportunity to post bail because of the threat they pose to society is called
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a bench warrant.
jail without parole.
a capias.
preventive detention.
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