Question:Using a Planet's Orbit to Measure the Mass of a Star

A nearby star has a planet orbiting around it. To measure the mass of the star an astronomer needs to first measure the _________

 and __________

 of the planet. Using _________

 with some algebra and geometry the astronomer determines the force needed to hold the planet in orbit, which is the gravitational force exerted by the star. Lastly, he uses _________

 to solve for the mass of the star.

 

Word Bank

absorption-line spectrum 

atoms 

away 

black hole 

blue 

distance from the star 

escape velocity 

fingerprintmass 

moving 

Newton's first law of motion 

Newton's law of gravity 

Newton's second law of motion 

Newton's third law of motion 

radius 

redred-shift 

shorter 

spectral lines 

spectroscopy 

spectrum 

temperature 

toward 

velocity 

wavelength

 

 

Escape Velocity

To overcome a planet's gravitational pull and get into space a rocket must reach a critical speed known as the ----------

. By combining --------

 with his laws of motion we can determine a planet's escape velocity, if we know its --------

 and --------

. An object such as a ---------

 has such a high escape velocity that not even light can escape its gravitational pull.

 

Word Bank

absorption-line spectrum 

atoms 

away 

black hole 

blue 

distance from the star 

escape velocity 

fingerprintmass 

moving 

Newton's first law of motion 

Newton's law of gravity 

Newton's second law of motion 

Newton's third law of motion 

radius 

redred-shift 

shorter 

spectral lines 

spectroscopy 

spectrum 

temperature 

toward 

velocity 

wavelength

 

What is a Star Made of?

An astronomer wants to determine what a star is made of by looking at the light that it radiates. She knows that each atom gives off a different ---------

 of light that she can measure, which acts as a sort of ----------

 for that type of atom. Performing measurements like this is known as -----------

. After splitting the light from the star the astronomer is able to measure the ---------

 that is formed by the light moving from the hot interior of the star through the cooler gas in its outer layers. By measuring the wavelength of these ---------

, she can determine which -----------

 are in the outer layer of the star. 

 

Word Bank

absorption-line spectrum 

atoms 

away 

black hole 

blue 

distance from the star 

escape velocity 

fingerprintmass 

moving 

Newton's first law of motion 

Newton's law of gravity 

Newton's second law of motion 

Newton's third law of motion 

radius 

redred-shift 

shorter 

spectral lines 

spectroscopy 

spectrum 

temperature 

toward 

velocity 

wavelength

 

Measuring the Sun's Temperature

Astronomers know that there is a relationship between the -------

 of an object and the color of light that it emits. As an object gets hotter, it radiates more strongly at -------

 wavelengths. The relationship that states this as a mathematical equation is known as Wien's law. Using Wien's law and astronomer measures the -------

 of light that the Sun shines brightest in. By plugging this value into Wien's law the astronomer determines that the temperature of the Sun is roughly 5800 kelvin.

 

Word Bank

absorption-line spectrum 

atoms 

away 

black hole 

blue 

distance from the star 

escape velocity 

fingerprintmass 

moving 

Newton's first law of motion 

Newton's law of gravity 

Newton's second law of motion 

Newton's third law of motion 

radius 

redred-shift 

shorter 

spectral lines 

spectroscopy 

spectrum 

temperature 

toward 

velocity 

wavelength

 

Motion in Space: The Doppler Effect

An astronomer is measuring the motion of a star through space. She knows that the Doppler Effect says the light from a ---------

 source will appear to have its ---------

 shifted relative to when it is stationary. If the source is moving toward her the wavelength will be shifted towards the-------

 end of the spectrum. If the source is moving away from her it will be shifted towards the ----------

. She is able to measure a significant ---------

 in the light from the star and determines that the star is moving ----------

 very quickly. 

 

Word Bank

absorption-line spectrum 

atoms 

away 

black hole 

blue 

distance from the star 

escape velocity 

fingerprintmass 

moving 

Newton's first law of motion 

Newton's law of gravity 

Newton's second law of motion 

Newton's third law of motion 

radius 

redred-shift 

shorter 

spectral lines 

spectroscopy 

spectrum 

temperature 

toward 

velocity 

wavelength

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Status NEW Posted 23 May 2017 12:05 AM My Price 10.00

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